LOADING TEST – AXIAL

TENSION
Metode Pengujian

PT HUME SAKTI INDONESIA

Humesakti.com
Headquarter ; Jl. Gajah Mada No 156 – Jakarta Barat (021)6295678
Factory ; Jl Raya Cakung Cilincing Kav 16-17 – Jakarta Utara (021)4600280
PT. Hume Sakti Indonesia

Introduction
This test is performed to confirm the design load calculations and to provide guidelines for setting up
the limits of acceptance for routine tests. Initial Test on piles are to be carried out at one or more
locations depending on the number of piles required. The static loading test involves the direct
measurement of pile head displacement in the response to a physically applied load test.

Scope of Work
The static loading test may be carried out for the following load configurations:
1. Axial compressive test
2. Lateral test
3. Axial tension test (uplift)

Testing Apparatus
1. Hydraulic Jack cap
Fabricator : Enerpac

2. Manometer/Pressure Gauge
Fabricator : ENERPAC
Capacity : 10.000 Psi

3. Electric Pump
Fabricator : ENERPAC
Capacity : 10.000 Psi

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4. Dial Indicator
Fabricator : MITUTOYO
Capacity : 50 mm

5. Beam
Main Beam : H Beam

6. Reference Beam
7. Welding Machine 400 Ampere
8. Plate and Casing
9. Other tools and accessories

Axial Compressive Test

Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to a deep fo
undation and the resulting axial movement. Test results may also provide information used to
assess the distribution of side shear resistance along the pile shaft and the long-term load-
deflection behavior. The test system refer to the ASTM D 1143 – 07.

Method
a. Land clearing and digging the soil to prepare the working area depends on the position of pile
head,
b. The pile head shall be prepared usually with casing (for cast in situ piles) to be above t
he ground by a sufficient length or a minimum of 300mm. Prior to grouting the pile, anchor
strands are embedded and tied to the last reinforcement cage of pile at the top,
c. A hydraulic jack and reacting against a set of steel beams tied to anchor piles is placed,
d. Fix dial gauges on an independent ‘frame’ to measure the pile head displacement,
e. Movement of the pile head shall be measured using the dial gauge and checked with a leveling i
nstrument and scale rules fixed to their holders, and
f. The loading sequence shall follow the client’s specification including the step and duration,
records shall be kept promptly throughout the testing period.

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Flowchart of axial compressive load test

Source: ASTM D1143-07

Diagram of Compression Load Test Setup on a Single Pile Using Weighted Platform

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Loading Sequence
The test may follow to the modified ASTM D 1143-07 (Reapproved 2007) of either item:
8.1.2 “Procedure A: Quick Test”, or
8.1.8 “Procedure G: Cyclic Loading Test”
with load sequence in percentage of design load.

200% of the designed load Quick Test

250%
% of Designed Minimum time Reading
Load of load holding Interval
0
5 5 min. 2.5 min.

200%
10 5 min. 2.5 min.
15 5 min. 2.5 min.
20 5 min. 2.5 min.
25 5 min. 2.5 min.

150%
Increments of
5% BEBAN (%)
LOAD (%)

5 min. 2.5 min.

100%
180
185 5 min. 2.5 min.
190 5 min. 2.5 min.
195 5 min. 2.5 min.
200 1 hr. 5 min.
50%

175 5 min. 2.5 min.

150 5 min. 2.5 min.
125 5 min. 2.5 min.
100 5 min. 2.5 min.
0%

75 5 min. 2.5 min.

50 5 min. 2.5 min. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
25 5 min. 2.5 min. WAKTU (JAM)
TIME (HOUR)
0 1hr 5 min.

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 200% of the designed load Quick Test 0 1 hr. 10 min
% of Designed Minimum time Reading
Load of load holding Interval
0
25 20 min. 10 min

250%
50 2 hr 10 min
25 20 min. 10 min
0 1 hr. 10 min
50 20 min. 10 min
75 2 hr 10 min

200%
100 2 hr 10 min
75 20 min. 10 min
50 20 min. 10 min
0 1 hr. 10 min

100%LOAD (%) 150%

50 20 min. 10 min
100 20 min. 10 min

BEBAN (%)
125 2 hr 10 min
150 2 hr 10 min
125 20 min. 10 min
100 20 min. 10 min
50 20 min. 10 min
0 1 hr. 10 min
50 20 min. 10 min
50%

100 20 min. 10 min

150 20 min. 10 min
175 2 hr 10 min
200 2 hr 10 min
0%

150 1 hr. 10 min

100 1 hr. 10 min -1 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44
50 1 hr. 10 min WAKTU (JAM)
TIME (HOUR)

Lateral Test
This test method covers procedures for testing vertical and batter piles either individually or in group
s to determine the load/deflection relationship when subjected to lateral loading. It is applicable to a
lldeep foundation units regardless of their size or method.
The actual lateral load capacity of the pile-soil system can best be determined by lateral testing. The
test system refer to the ASTM D 3966 – 07.

Headquarter ; Jl. Gajah Mada No 156 – Jakarta Barat (021)6295678

Factory ; Jl Raya Cakung Cilincing Kav 16-17 – Jakarta Utara (021)4600280
PT. Hume Sakti Indonesia

Method

Flowchart of Lateral Load Test

Source: ASTM D3966-07

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Diagram of Lateral Load Test Typical Setup with Conventional Hydraulic Jack

a. The Pile head to be chipped off up to 300mm above Cut-off- Level,

b. The test area from the test pile or group shall be excavated or filled to the final grade elevation
before testing the pile or pile group,
c. Lateral test loads shall be applied at approximately pile cut-off elevation,
d. Bearing plates shall be of adequate thickness to prevent bending under the applied load but sha
ll not be less than (50mm) thick, and
e. Lateral loads shall be applied using one or more hydraulic cylinders equipped with spherical bear
ings. If two or more hydraulic cylinders are to be used to apply the test load, they shall be of the
same piston diameter, connected to a common manifold and pressure gage, and operated by a s
ingle hydraulic pump.

Loading Sequence
The test may follow to the modified ASTM D 1143-07 (Reapproved 2007) item 8.1.4 “Procedure C:
Cyclic Loading Test”.

Source: ASTM D3966-07

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Tension
Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to a deep fo
undation and the resulting axial movement. Test results may also provide information used to
assess the distribution of side shear resistance along the pile shaft and the long‐term load
deflection behavior. A foundation designer may evaluate the test results to determine if, after ap
plying an appropriate factor of safety, the pile or pile group has an ultimate static capacity and a de
flection at service load satisfactory to support a specific foundation. Test system refer to the
ASTM D 3689 – 07.

Method

Flowchart of Axial Tension Load Test

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Source: ASTM D3689-07

Diagram of Tension Load Test Typical Setup with Its Instrumentation

a. Prior to grouting the pile, anchor strands are embedded and tied to the last reinforcemen
t cage of the pile at the top,
b. Install structural tension connectors extending from the test pile or pile cap, constructed of steel
straps, bars, cables, and/or other devices bolted, welded, cast into, or otherwise firmly affixed to
the test pile or pile cap to safely apply the maximum required tensile test load without slippage, r
upture, or excessive elongation,
c. Place the hydraulic jack(s), hemispherical bearing(s), and bearing plates on top of the test
beam(s). Center a reaction frame over the jack(s), and anchor it to the tension connections
extending from the test pile or pile group. Design and construct the test beam(s), reaction f
rame, and reaction piles or cribbing, and arrange the jack(s) symmetrically so as to
apply the resultant tensile load at, and parallel to, to the longitudinal axis of the test pile or pile gr
oup,
d. Fix dial gauges on an independent ‘pipe frame’ to measure the pile head displacement,
e. The loading sequence shall follow the client’s specification including the step and duration,
records shall be kept promptly throughout the testing period.

Loading Sequence
The test may follow to the modified ASTM D 1143-07 (Reapproved 2007) item 8.1.4 “Procedure C:
Cyclic Loading Test”.

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Source: ASTM D3689-07

Test Result and Its Interpretation

The test results will then be reported in the form of:
• Time, load, pile head movements.
• Load-settlement curve.
• Time-settlement curve.
• Time-load curve.

Analysis method are as follows:

• Davisson’s Method (1972)
• Chin’s Method (1971)
• Mazurkiewicz’s Method (1972)
• De Beer’s Method (1967)
• Brinch Hansen’s Method (1963)
• Butler & Hoy’s Method (1977)
• Vander Veen’s Method (1953)
• Report and recommendations on the ultimate pile capacity

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