Yearbook

РЕПУБЛИКА СРБИЈА REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
ГЕОЛОШКИ ЗАВОД СРБИЈЕ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SERBIA

Ровињска 12, Београд, Србија Rovinjska 12, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tel: +381 11 288 99 66 / +381 11 288 05 06 / Fax: +381 11 288 52 96 / E-mail: office@gzs.gov.rs
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SERBIA - IT'S WORK TODAY

WITH FOCUS ON YEAR 2016
1848
Belgrade, oct. 09. - oct. 13. 2017.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SERBIA - IT'S WORK TODAY WITH FOCUS ON YEAR 2016
1
Contents
INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Cooperation of the Geological survey of Serbia and EuroGeoSurveys (EGS)......................................................................................................... 6
Cooperation of the Geological Survey of Serbia with institutions of the People’s Republic of China .................................................................... 7
Protocol Antonione and the Geological survey of Serbia ....................................................................................................................................... 7
SECTOR FOR GENERAL GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Geological map of Serbia 1:50.000, sheet Backa Palanka 4 .................................................................................................................................. 10
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Aleksinac 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Geological map of Serbia, sheet Zvornik 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Uzice 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 14
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Lapovo 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Krusevac 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheets Prijepolje 3 and 4 .............................................................................................................................. 19
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Kriva Palanka 4 ................................................................................................................................. 20
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, Sheet Bor 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Geoheritage and geodiversity of Serbia for the Pirot sheet .................................................................................................................................. 23
Complex geological-ecological investigations of fluvial deposits of tributaries and the Tisa channel on the territory of the Autonomous
Province of Vojvodina in the aim of environmental protection ............................................................................................................................ 27
Geochemical map of the Republic of Serbia 1:500.000 ........................................................................................................................................ 28
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR FOR GENERAL GEOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 30
SECTOR FOR INVESTIGATING MINERAL ORE DEPOSITS....................................................................................................................................... 31
DEPARTMENT FOR METALLIC MINERAL ORE .................................................................................................................................................... 33
Geological investigations of Cu, Au and corresponding associations of elements in the daibase-chert formation of the Middle Polimlje; ........ 34
Basic metalogene investigations of ULTRABAZIT in Serbia (PGE, Au, Fe and others); ....................................................................................... 35
Geological-metalogene studies of areas of road construction in the Republic of Serbia;..................................................................................... 35
Basic geological investigations of alluvial gold deposits in Serbia; ...................................................................................................................... 36
Basic geological investigations of chrome and accompanying metals on the territory of the Republic of Serbia; .............................................. 36
DEPARTMENT FOR NONMETALLIC MINERAL ORE ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Grading potentiality of glauconite in the marine sediments of the Republic of Serbia; ....................................................................................... 37
Study: Grading the potentiality of decorative rock in Serbia, .............................................................................................................................. 38
GROUP FOR ENERGY MINERAL ORE ................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Geological-economic maps of solid energy ore in the Republic of Serbia (coal and oil shale), ............................................................................. 39
Basic geological investigations of coal in the Sokobanja basin, .......................................................................................................................... 40
GROUP FOR GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 40

Monitoring aeromagnetic, gravimetric and aerogamaspetrometric anomalies in the field in Serbia, ................................................................. 41
Instructions for a metalogenetic map, ................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Completion of metalogenetic mp sheet Prijepolje 2, 1:50.000, ........................................................................................................................... 42
Geological characteristics and potentials of the Knic municipality, .................................................................................................................... 42
Mineragenetic characteristics and potentiality of neogene basins in Serbia, ....................................................................................................... 43
Entry of existing data of Basic geological investigations into the GeolISS form, ................................................................................................ 44
INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Project: Tibesti – South of Libya ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44
CHEMICAL LABORATORY AND SAMPLE PREPARATION DEPARTMENT .......................................................................................................... 47
SECTOR OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY............................................................................................................................. 48
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 49
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR HYDROGEOLOGY .....................................................................................................................50
DEPARTMENT FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY incl GEOTECHNICS .................................................................................................................... 51
Completion of the Basic Engineering Geological Map .......................................................................................................................................... 51
Completion of geological bases for spatial planning............................................................................................................................................. 53
Cadastre of landslides and unstable slopes on the territory of Serbia ..................................................................................................................54
BEWARE Project.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
THE GOALS OF THE PROJECT have been defined as: ..........................................................................................................................................56
PARTICIPANTS, PARTNERS AND USERS: ........................................................................................................................................................... 57
Interpreter for the 1:200,000 engineering geological map of Serbia for the territory of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ............................ 57
DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................................58
Completing the BHGM of the Republic of Serbia, scale 1:100.000 ........................................................................................................................58
Completion on the Rulebook for the production of the BHGM of RS .................................................................................................................. 60
Integration of hydrogeological data into GeolISS................................................................................................................................................. 61
Study investigations of hydrogeothermal potentiality ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Study investigations of hydrogeological potentiality .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Study investigations of the vulnerability of aquifer environments ...................................................................................................................... 66
Hydrochemical atlas of groundwater in Serbia ..................................................................................................................................................... 67
Hydrogeological investigations of highly mineralized water in Banat ................................................................................................................. 67
Explanatory Booklet for the engineering geological map of Serbia .................................................................................................................... 68
with a scale of 1:200.000 for the territory of Vojvodina ....................................................................................................................................... 68
Completing hydrogeological bases within the project ......................................................................................................................................... 69
“Geological bases for the spatial planning of municipalities” .............................................................................................................................. 69
LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR FOR GEOTECHNICS AND HYDROGEOLOGY ......................................................................................... 70

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DEPARTMENT OF GEOTECHNICS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 70
DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................................... 70
3
The GEOZAVOD
building at
Karadjordjeva 48,
from when it was
used for the
geology purposes
until 2006
INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
By decision of the Government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 29. 12. 1930, the Law that founded the
Geological Institute of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was brought. In paragraph 3 of the Law, a scientific-
investigative function was assigned to it for the needs of developing mining and geology, and financed
from the Government budget. For a long time, it remained situated in Karadjordjeva 48 in Belgrade, and
the first director of the institute was Ferdo Koh. Until the beginning of World War 2, that Geological
Institute achieved notable results: 11 sheets of the 1:100.000 geological map were completed, as were
14 sheets of the 1:75.000 map, 8 magazine editios “Geological Institute of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Herald” were published, 5 monographic publications, etc. During the war, it remained in function under
German command for the needs of mining.
In 1946, the institute is newly named the “Scientific-investigative Institute of the Ministry of mining”.
For a short time, the institute grows into the “Federal Geological Survey”, and in 1951, the Survey for
Geophysical Testing of FNRJ is attached and renamed “GEOZAVOD”.
Geozavod achieves its peak in development from 1951 to 1973, during which time over 1.100 engineers
and technicians were employed. A geological map of Yugoslavia was being completed, many mineral ore
deposits were investigated, and problems regarding water and engineering geology, as well as
geoecology were addressed. Over 34 issues of the Herald scientific magazine were published; a large
number of monographs, geological maps are printed, etc. It proved itself as successful through the
quality of its work in over 18 countries.
4
In 1948, by decision of the FNRY government, a second geological institution under the name
“GEOINSTITUT” was founded for the requirements of investigation and development regarding
nuclear and other mineral ore, seated in Rovinjska 12, Belgrade.
The building of Geoinstitut for nuclear ore, built in 1948,

the Geological Survey of Serbia is currently situated at this address
Nuclear geology was developed in this building of Geoinstitut, it employed over 400 engineers and
technicians. Beside nuclear geology, investigations of mineral ore deposits and the geological map of
Yugoslavia were worked on here, as were other works abroad among which the project “Production of the
geological map of Libya” from 1973-2004 stands out. The scientific magazine “Works of Geoinstitut” was
published.
The government of Serbia and Montenegro brought a decision in 2005 to integrate these two geological
institutions into one under the name Geoinstitut, and in 2009, Geoinstitut becomes the Geological Institute
of Serbia ltd.
The Law about mining and geological investigations from 2011 founds the GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF
SERBIA and in 2012 enters Government administration as a special organization with legal entity status.
From 2013, it conducts its activities as a direct user of the budget of the Republic of Serbia.
From the moment the Law about mining and geological investigations was accepted, through the
transformation of the Geological Institute into the Geological Survey of Serbia, including taking up the rights
and obligations from its predecessor; no precise analyses were performed regarding the amount of
obligations of the Geological Institute of Serbia that were to be taken up by the Survey according to the
Law, the method and dynamics of completing the assumed obligations, nor the period realistically
necessary for transforming the Institute as a business company into a special organization of the
government administration.
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The Geological Survey of Serbia actively worked on delivering and performing the Program of geological
investigations from 2013 to 2017. An average of 55 projects annually was planned in the following areas:
- basic geological investigations for completing geological maps
- basic geological investigations of geological resources in the area of hydrogeological, engineering
geological investigations of metallic, nonmetallic mineral and energy resources
- implementing and developing the Geological information system of Serbia
- performing projects and studies in the area of geoecology
Until now, the following has been achieved:

- An explanatory booklet for the Aeromagnetic Map of Serbia has been printed
- 23 sheets of the Basic Formational Geological Map in a scale of 1:50.000 have been completed
and 9 sheets are currently being worked on.
- The Engineering Geological Department has completed 19 sheets of a basic engineering
geological map in a scale of 1:100.000 or 30% of the territory of Serbia. It has also completed a
cadaster of landslides and unstable slopes in the Republic of Serbia, a Preliminary Map of
Seismic Zoning, and engineering geological regionalization for the needs of municipal spatial
planning. The department was a partner in the Beware project.
- The hydrogeological department has completed 15 sheets of a basic hydrogeological map in a
scale of 1:100.000 or 25% of the territory of Serbia.
- The mineral ore deposit sector has performed Study investigations for specific mineral ore
within important mining regions. A regional 1:500.000 metalogenic map has been completed,
currently a Rulebook for a basic 1:50.000 metalogenic map is being developed.
The Geological Survey of Serbia along with Republika Srpska, Croatia, Montenegro and
Macedonia, is working on so-called border sheets of a 1:50.000 Geological Map (Sheets Zvornik 1,
Backa Palanka 4, Kriva Palanka 1 and Prijepolje 3 and 4).
Completing a geological map of the “Jabal Eghi” area project was performed in cooperation
with IRC Libya.
The Survey was involved in international projects: Cooperation through the project OneGeology
Europe Plus – Geological map of Europe 1:1.000.0000; Project “Beware”, which refers to the
completion of a cadaster of landslides, education of the local structures.
Cooperation of the Geological survey of Serbia and EuroGeoSurveys (EGS)
a) The current activities that came about as a result of the involvement in Horizon 2020 – GeoERA (ERANET
Cofund), the Geological survey of Serbia became.
b) Involvement of the Geological survey of Serbia at General assembly (GM) and the Directors workshop of
European geological surveys (EuroGeoSurveys-EGS) from.
6
Cooperation of the Geological Survey of Serbia with institutions

of the People’s Republic of China
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China entrusted
the Chinese Geological Survey to organize trainings and Seminars for Experts from Countries along 'the Belt
and Road' where our staff was invited too.
Protocol Antonione and the Geological survey of Serbia
The Geological Survey of Serbia continues, in accordance with instructions from the unit for the Antonione
projects of the Office for EU integration SEIO, activities for the implementation of a project made up of four
segments, of which the first technical segment was completed by the Geological survey of Serbia in 2013.
Through correspondence with SEIO representatives for the Antonione Protocol, a response is expected
from the Italian side as a part of the regular procedure for completing the phase that is currently active.
Cooperation of the Geological survey of Serbia and the United Nations regarding the environment
Our cooperation is based on the project “Interdisciplinary soil management through reducing pressures on
the soil and planned soil usage”.
Prof. Dragoman Rabrenovic, Director
7
Sector for General Geology
8
Dejan Barjaktarovic PhD in Geology,

Assistant director
E-mail: dejan.barjaktarovic@gzs.gov.rs
The Sector for General Geology of the Geological survey of Serbia performs basic geological
investigations and other geological investigations foreseen by the annual Program, as well
as applied geological investigation work of value for the Republic of Serbia, based on
extraordinary decisions of the Government, suggested by the Ministry.
The Sector performs other work of special interest for the Republic of Serbia, such as:
completing and printing geological maps with a scale of 1:25,000 and less; completing and
printing specialized and theme specific geological maps (geochemical, structural-tectonic,
geoecological and others); laboratory testing in the fields of mineralogy, petrography and
sedimentology, as well as palaeontological and other investigations.
The Sector uses geochemical methods in: mineral investigation, lithogeochemistry,

metalometry, geochemical mapping, hydrogeochemistry, environmental testing.
The Mineralogical Laboratory performs various mineralogical analyses of metallic and
nonmetallic minerals that include the production of clear samples and ore microscopy, DTA
& TGA, X-ray diffractometry, etc.
Petrological analyses are based on microscopic testing combined with other

analytical methods that secure data regarding rock type, modal analysi s, mineral
composition and genetic characteristics.
The Sector for General geology has a comprehensive domestic and international
experience in the area of geological mapping of all kinds of geological environments.
During 2016, 9 Projects of the Geological Map of Serbia, 1:50.000 were realized. It is a
(formational) map adapted to contemporary European standards: sheets Backa
Palanka 4, Aleksinac 4, Zvornik 1, Uzice 1, Lapovo 2, Krusevac 4, Prijepolje 3 and 4,
Kriva Palanka 4 and Bor 4. As a separate project within the completion of the
Gological map, a project of the Synthesis of geological formations in the existing
9
sheets was realized. The goal of the Project is to synthesize all data obtained from the completed sheets,
and complete their final verification, formation adoption and print preparation.
In the field of Geochemistry and environmental protection, a new Project has commenced:
Geochemical Map of Serbia, 1:500.000.
In the field of geoheritage and geodiversity, a pPoject of the geoheritage and geodiversity of eastern Serbia
is planned. This is a long-term project realized through an established dynamic related to the completion of
formation maps.
Beside all these projects, in 2016, two Studies were performed: Sedimentological-stratigraphical relations in
the tertiary basins of central Serbia – sheet Smederevo 4 and characteristic horizons of the Rhaeto Liassic
sediments of the western Serbia.
Complex geological-ecological investigations of fluvial deposits of small streams in the basins of the Sava
and Danube rivers in the territory of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, are in their final phase.
Geological map of Serbia 1:50.000, sheet Backa Palanka 4

(Author Petar Stejic PhD in Geology and associates):
The completion of geological map sheet Backa Palanka 4, 1:50.000 represents a continuation of geological
investigations in this part of the Pannonian Basin, based on the Agreement about transborder cooperation
between the Croation Geological Institute and the Geological Survey of Serbia, signed 26.02.2013. In the
south, the investigation area is located in the lowland part of the Sava river alluvial plane, while the
northern part encompasses the western slopes of Fruska Gora, which are steep towards the right bank of
the Danube. Sheet Backa Palanka 4, geotectonically speaking, belongs to the southwestern edge of the
Pannonian Basin, and the western part of Fruska Gora, which is located in the field of investigation,
represents the uncovered part of the Vardar zone.
During work, numerous problems were approached in order to be solved regarding lithology,
biostratigraphy, morphogenesis and tectonics. The surface part of the terrain, of older rocks one can
predominantly find hydrothermally changed serpentinite, partially metamorphic, sericite-chlorite shale and
calschist. These rocks are uncovered beneath the Neogene-Quaternary cover and represent the paleorelief
of the mentioned younger formations. From Mesosoic rocks equivalents of the lower and middle Triassic
are present, represented by limestone and limestone breccia and our investigations have determined that
they appear as redeposited material within the deluvial-proluvial geological unit called the Srem formation,
of a Pleistocene age.
Of the younger formations, the surface is dominated by the equivalent of the upper Pliocene (upper
Paludine layers), also Quaternary sediments: middle and upper Pleistocene (Srem formation and loess) as
well as Holocene (alluvial sediments).
Due to the specific composition of the investigation terrain, which includes high coverage and lack of
outgrowths, geophysical investigations (geoelectric sounding) were performed on several horizontal and
vertical profiles. Six geophysical environments were distinguished at depths up to 200 meters.
10
Having in mind the obtained resistances, six geoelectric environments have been distinguished:
- The first environment is clay and is characterized by the lowest resistances, from 5-15 Ohmm.
- The second distinguishable environment is sandy-allevrite clay, characterized by a resistance of 5-20
Ohmm.
- Sandy clay makes up the third geoelectric environment with resistances of 20-27 Ohmm.
- Clayey sand represents the fourth separate geoelectric environment, whose resistance varies from 27
Ohmm to 36 Ohmm.
- The fifth geoelectric environment is characterized by resistances of 36-43 Ohmm and is recognized as
coarse sand.
- The sixth geoelectric environment is represented by loess and characterized by resistances greater than 45
Ohmm.
When viewing the vertical profile, going from highest to lowest, loess is well distinguished from
the Kukujevci-Calma line towards the north, as are alluvial deposits towards the south. In the
base of these younger Quaternary sediments, sandy-allevrite and sandy-gravelly sediments of an
older Quaternary age have been established, below which allevrite-clayey sediments of the upper
Pliocene are easily deistinguishable.
Three dimensional model of the wider surroundings of sheet Backa Palanka 4, 1:50.000 and geological
sketch of the investigation terrain.
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Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Aleksinac 4

(Author Srdjan Vukovic with associates):
Sheet Aleksinac 4 encompasses the territory of the Soko Banja basin in the north and the mountains Ozren
and Devica in the south.
The investigation area is, morphologically speaking, very scattered, contoining flatlands and low hills, as
well as mountainous regions, especially emphasized by Ozren and Devica with heights of 1200m above sea
level. The northern parts of the sheet territory average a height of approximately 450 meters.
According to geotectonic zoning, the investigation area belongs to the Getikum, or Carpatho-balkan
mountain range.
The investigation area is mostly built of Paleozoic metamorphic formations, carbonate sediments of the
mesosoic and Neogene and Quaternary sediments.
The oldest formations are rifey-Cambrian and lay on top of Proterozoic gneiss.
Formations of a Paleozoic age are represented by metamorphic rocks under conditions of green shale
facies, as well as clastic and carbonate sediments. They are located in the western part of the area. The age
of these rocks has not been determined.
Mesosoic formations cover most of the investigation area and are mostly made up of limestone, dolomite
limestone, dolomite, conglomerates and sandstone. The carbonates were formed in shallow marine
conditions.
Neogene sediments encompass mostly the northern, and in one part, the southern part of the investigation
area. They are deposited in tectonic depressions filled with lake and land sediments. The Neogene
sediments are represented by the middle and upper Miocene.
The youngest formations are located in the Sokobanja basin, valley of Moravica, Prugovac river and others.
In the Quaternary sediments, alluvial, diluvium and proluvial genetic types can be separated, as well as the
following morphological forms: river terraces, rock creeps and steep slopes.
Igneous rock in the investigation area is rarely present and is mostly represented by andesite and their tuff,
which are situated on the northeastern edge of the Soko Banja basin and belong to the extreme western
parts of the Timok andesite massif. South of Soko Banja, on Ozren, an infiltration and spread of basanite
occurred during the Miocene along the Ozren fault.
The goal of the investigation is to complete a Formation Geological Map with explanatory booklet. Such a
method of mapping multiplies the amount of information obtained severalfold in regards to the geological
structure of formations, their internal characteristics: their stratigraphy, lithology, structural characteristics,
mineragenetic characteristics, or members within the formations (following the horizontal and vertical
placement), etc. For the separate formations, specific localities are defined, within which local columns of
the formations are constructed. One of the more important tasks is the regional placement of units, which
is adapted to the placement of formations on neighboring sheets. Results obtained in this manner should
accentuate previous knowledge about the geological structure presented within the geological map with a
scale of 1:100.000. The completion of geological map sheet Aleksinac 4 is in its final phase.
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Geological map of Serbia, sheet Zvornik 1

(Author Bojan Trbic Glavas PhD in Geology and associates):
The geological mapping of sheet Zvornik 1, 1:50.000, was completed as part of the cooperation between
the Geological survey of Serbia and the Republic Survey for Geological Investigations of Republika Srpska. In
a geographic sense, the terrain is situated on the edge of the Inner Dinarides towards the Pannonian Basin.
In a geotectonic sense, the area is made up of parts of three large tectonostratigraphic wholes: The Jadar,
Drina-Ivanjica and western part of the Vadar zone.
During work, a Precambrian-Cambrian palinological spectre was determined as well as a reinterpreted

Paleozoic succession of the Drina-Ivanjica terrain. Also, for the first time, in the northwestern part of this
geotectonic unit, Triassic formations were separated: Clastic formations of Kladnica, the “Sajska”
Formation, Porphyrite-cherk Formation, Lofer Formation, Ridge Formation, which notably increases the
amount of area knowledge. Special attention was given to testing the lower cretaceous, upper cretaceous
and Paleogene sediments. A new Mrcevac Formation of an Urgonian age is stated.
In the area between the Sapne and Drinjaca rivers i Republika Srpska, over the ophiolite melange as the
lower structural level of this part of the Vardar zone, the following are transgressively developed:
- otriv-Urgonian limestone with Palorbitolina lenticularis in the younger levels, over which lower Aptian
sandy calcarenite lay. The newly separated Mrcevac Formation can be used as a referential formatian for
Urgonian formations of eastern Bosnia as well as western and central Serbia;
- alb-Cenomanian limestone and clastic-carbonate sediments with corals, rotelipora and Praeglobotruncana
cf. delrioensis;
- middle-upper Cenomanian limestone with Pastrikella balcanica;
- younger Cenomanian hemopelagite;
- upper Turonian limestone with pelagic influence that contains Moncharmontia apenninica and marine
truncates;
- Santonian-upper Campanian sediments of continental slopes to pelagic sediments with numerous
Globotruncanidae, including Dicarinella cf. asymetrica and Globotruncanita conica;
- Maastricht-Paleogene siliciclastic sediments with Orbitoides mediа, Siderolites calcitrapoides and with loft.
in the lower levels, that is to say lower Paleogene and Paleopalinological associations in the upper levels.
Cretaceous formation lay transgressively over the ophiolite, traditionally considered Jurassic-lower
Neocomian. At the Karakaj locality near Zvornik, however, the matrix of ophiolite mélange contains the
younger lower cretaceous palinomorphs (Grubic et al., 2010). According to the presented information, the
oldest Cretaceous sediments of the area are of a Neocomian age, while the age of the floor ophiolites,
seemingly contradictory, is younger lower Cretaceous. This can be explained through the diachronous
closing of local parts of the basin area in which the ophiolites of the Vardar zone were formed, even on such
a small area as sheet Zvornik 1.
Transgressively over lower Cretaceous and upper Cretaceous sediments (as well as Jurassic-lower
Cretaceous ophiolites) are developed in Maastricht-Paleogene siliciclastic sediments. These sediments
represent the southeastern branch of the Maastricht-Paleogene belt which spreads from Croatia, through
Bosnia to Serbia, while the lower Paleogene sliciclastic sediments of the Okanusa vicinity represent the
13
southernmost point in which these sediments have been noted in northeastern Bosnia. On the other side of
theriver Drina, in Serbia, similar formations are developed in Gucevo and have the markings of a marginal
environment – indented delta area with a distinct continental impact.
Terrane of the central part of the

Balkan peninsula (modified from
Karamata & Krstic, 1996) with the
position of sheet Zvornik 1,
1:50.000. DHCT – Dalmatian-
Herzgovian complex terrane; CBMT
– Central Bosnian terrane; EBDT
(=IBDB) – Easter Bosnian –
Durmitor terrane; DOBT (=DOP) –
Dinaride ophiolite belt (terrane);
DIT (=DIE) – Drina-Ivanjica terrane;
JT – Jadar terrane; VZCT – Complex
terrane of the Vardar zone; SMCT –
Serbian-Macedonian complex
terrane; 1. Fault, noted and
covered; 2. Reverse fault face; 3.
Tectonized border
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Uzice 1 (Author Zoran Tasic with asociates):
The investigated area of sheet Uzice 1 is situated in

western Serbia. According to geotectonic division, it
belongs to the Dinaride, Drina-Ivanjica element made
up of the Drina Paleozoic block with Triassic strata of
the ophiolite belt (Dimitrijevic, 1974, 1995). The border
towards the ophiolite zone is mostly covered by Triassic
olistoplaque, which slid from this element.
Morphologically, the eastern slopes of the Tara
mountain stand out, bordered by the northern side of
the river Drina canyon, and in the south and southwest,
they slope towards the Kreman valley and the valley of
the river Djetinje, where they lean on the borders of
Zlatibor. The northern part represents the right side of
the Drina valley.
Overview sketch of the investigation area In the Drina-Ivanjica Paleozoic Djokovic (1980) named
the Drina, Golija, Kovilje Conglomerate and Biracka
Formations, which were deposited through continuous
14
sedimentation of Precambrian to middle Carbonian, where the basin had a tendency to migrate towards
the northwest. The rocks are intensely folded in several phases and metamorphosed to a different degree.
The Drina Paleozoic spreads over one third of sheet Uzice 1. It matches the classic definition of deep sea
deposits. Before rifting, it was located in the western part of the Mediterranean. In the Triassic, it was
separated from Europe and developed as a carbonate platform of the offshore bank type. Only a narrow
belt of Triassic limestone of the northeastern edge lies on a Paleozoic base, while all of the remaining
Triassic mass slid towards the mélange or into the mélange itself. Those movements are of a 10-15km
index, while the contemporary southwestern border of the Drina-Ivanjica Paleozoic is situated in shelf parts
of the platform or parts of its original northeastern edge. Within the Triassic successions, we can
differentiate the old part, the continental and shelf deposits of the Kladnica Clastic sediments, “sajski”
clastic sediments and the Bioturbate Formation, as well as the younger part of the deposited carbonate
platform, Plane Formation, “Bulog” limestone, Wetterstein and Dachstein developed according to the Alp
types.
The edge of Tara to the east gradually continues to the surface of Ponikava made up of Triassic limestone
over Solotusa, on which karstic processes are making an impact, and towards the south is represented by
higher parts that almost completely match the ultramafic border. The upper Triassic shoal bank and
massive dolomite limestone and dolomite are developed in the central part of the sheet. The characteristics
of the formations indicate a shallow sea with constant, rhythmic surfacing, without constant tides, but with
a distinguished, if slight agitation of the environment in the intertidal.
The ophiolite belt of the Dinarides stretches from Tara over Zlatibor and further on towards Kosovo and
Metohija. The entire contemporary width of the ophiolite belt, together with parts of the northeast,
Paleozoic-Triassic edge (Drina-Ivanjica block), is situated in the borders of the sheet. The ophiolite units
are covered partly by Cretaceous and Tertiary Formations and represent an ophiolite complex in the wider
sense in which Quaternary units can be separated, according to genetic characteristics and lithological
composition into three groups: ophiolite mélange, basic, ultrabasic rocks and tectonic ultramafic rocks (on
neighboring sheets the Ultramafic rocks of Zlatibor) and associated metamorphites. The peridotites of
Zlatibor are known for their sources of thermal water “white water”, currently being exploited. For
ultramafic and mafic rocks, the appearance of magnesite and copper is connected (only of mineralogical
significance). The basic rocks contain titanium. The hornstones may contain manganese in view of
mineralogical appearances.
The Cretaceous sedimentation cycle in the area of Mokra Gora is connected to alb-Cenomanian
transgression. The Mokra gora-Rzava Cretaceous is completely developed outside of the investigated
terrain, on sheet Visegrad 2, and in the terrain of Uzice 1, encompasses the area from south to north. The
strata of upper Cretaceous sccession is made up of serpentine peridotite or saved disintegration crust.
Through systematic boxite investigations, localized investigations along the border of Triassic limestone
and Cretaceous sediments were performed. They are mostly situated in the surface of the terrain, or
represent only erosive residue of the Terrigene-clastic unit, the so-called “Basal series”, named the
Kotroman formation by Jovanovic D. et al. (2008).
The Tertiary formations appear within the isolated basins in the wider area of Kremna, Bioska, Branesko
polje and in the Ponikva plateau, they lay over the older surface transgressively. The Miocene sediment
series carries the magnesite mineralization; layers of magnesite have been determined in the Kremna
basins.
15
The basic problematics that need solving by completing the Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000 sheet
Uzice 1, is defining the contemporary appearance of the geological structure of the investigation area and
its coherent representation through a mapped graphic form. The foreseen studies encompass the defining
of mapped units in sediments according to the formation principle and usabilityof rocks with aspects of
mineragenesis, hydrogeology, geotechnics, and especially ecology and environmental protection.
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Lapovo 2

(Authors: Dejan Barjaktarovic PhD in Geology and Danka Blagojevic)
The tested terrain encompasses the area of middle Pomoravlje and belongs to two large geotectonic units,
the “Serbian-Macedonian” and “Getikum”. It is characterized by light indentation of the relief, a simple
morphology, which is conditioned by the geological structure.
The central part is dominated by the river valley of
Morava alluvial plane, and only in the extreme edges of
the terrain (northeast and southeast) can small hilly
landscape be noticed.
The terrain of sheet Lapovo 2 lies in contact with two
large geotectonic units: Geticum and Serbo
Macedonian Massif, its younger part – Moravicum,
which is characterized my a complex composition.
The oldest rocks surface in the eastern part of the
sheet. They are vulcanogene-sedimentary and
sedimentary rock associations, breached by gabbro
rocks. They are metamorphised under facies conditions
of green schist or they are anchimetamorphites. They
are represented by acidic metavolcanites, metapelites
and metapsamites, over which quartzite is spread
under metapsamite and metadiabase.
Metaconglomerates are above, as are metasandstone
and greywacke. Among the gabbro, we can diferentiate
pyroxene gabbro, olivine gabbro, anorthosite, and
gabbro-porfirite.
The Cambrian rocks underlay the carbonic series of
Geographic position of the investigation terrain sediments. They lay transgressively over the formations
of older Paleozoic. The carbon transitions into permian
red sandstone concordantly. It is made up of
continental, terrestric-liminic sediments. Their age was documented through the discovery of Stephanian
fossil flora. Permian formations spread over the carbon represented by formations of red sandstone, which
make up the westernmost part of their placement in eastern Serbia. These sediments are either
transgressively over old Paleozoic rocks (north of Zlatovo), or concordantly over carbon (near Plazan).
16
In most of their placement, however, they make up the strata of the Mesozoic complex. They are various
sandstones, conglomerates and alevrolites.
The Mesozoic formations make up the eastern edge of the terrain and make the final western parts of the
so-called western limestone belt of eastern Serbia. Sediments of the lower and middle Triassic are present,
while the upper Triassic is in regression. A new sedmentaion cycle begins with the Jurassic (Dogger)
transgression.
Neogene sediments make up most of the terrain. They lay transgressively over the older rocks and are
represented by Badenian, Sarmatian and Pannonian formations, as well as intrusions of phenodacite and
phenoandesite.
The Badenian contains lake, lake-continental and marine sediments – the Golubac Formation.
The lake Miocene encompasses two facies: the older, with marl, sands and clays, and the younger which is
characterized by shallowing and the presence of coal bearing horizons. The lake-continental member of
middle Miocene sediments represents, in its base, a clastic continental series with elements of fluvial
characteristics, in which large blocks and conglobreccia are the most common.
The Tortonic sediments (Kamenovo Formation), in the sense of facies, represent marine formations with
occasional freshening, in which the most common are clay and sand with interlayers of coal.
The Pannonian (Pozarevacka greda Formation) is the most present of all members of the Neogene series. It
is of brackish character, with shallowing, where conglomerates are present, as well as sand, clay and coal
layers. The Pannonian sediments indicate a caspi-brackish character with very similar lithological
composition which includes clay and gravel.
The Quaternary formations are widespread in view of river terraces, of which there are four along with
Velika Morava. The Holocene contains fall sediments (proluvium, deluvium, proluvium-deluvium and
shoals) as well as river facies (riverbeds, flodplanes and oxbow lakes).
All appearances of metallic ore are connected to the crystal complex of Crni Vrh and its northern and
eastern slopes. Antimony, iron and sulphide mineralizations have been registered, as well as insignificant
mineralogical appearances of volastonite. Marble and quartzite were tested on the slopes of Crni vrh.
Quartz is found in view of quartz vains, lenticular bodies and irregular masses.
Within the Neogene formations, two coal bearing series are known; the middle Miocene and the Sarmatian.
Coal was and is still exploited in these areas.
Complexes of crystal schist and Mesozoic limestone, as well as Tertiary and Quaternary sediments are
exploited in these area as construction material.
17
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Krusevac 4 (Author Zoran Bojic and associates):
Investigations according to the project of the Geological Map of Serbia, on sheet Krusevac 4 commenced in
2016 with a foreseen time of completion in 2019. The first three years were foreseen for investigation
work, while the final year, according to the foreseen dynamic, for completion of the map and interpreter.
The investigated area encompasses 560km2. It is defined by parallels 43o 45’ – north, 43o 30’ south and
meridians 21o 15o west and 21o 30’ east. It geographically belongs to the Pomoravlje, the area of Morava
alluvium, with developed terraces, which laterally transition into hillside terrain, with the most distinct
relief in the area of the Mojsinje mountains.
The goal of the project was to finalize geological map, 1:50.000 sheet Krusevac 4, with separate geological
units – formations, separated according to genetic criteria, relatively homogene composition, with defined
petrological composition, internal formation structure, as well as mutual structural relations, with special
emphasis on potentiality: for metallic, nonmetallic, energy mineral ore, groundwater, as well as how
prospective the rock bases would be in construction.
The listed problems in context of the previous chronostratigraphic map (Basic Geological map of Serbia,
1:100.000) and set goals implies:
1. Defining the model of hercynian metamorphism, with separate formations, along with the determination
of Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic protolites, with the defining of structural relations and interpreting the
kinematics of tectonic events that shaped the metamorphic complex.
2. Defining the model of NEogene sedimentary cycle with separate units of formational nomenclature,
following the evolution of sediments according to phases, from river, lake, to the end which had two
branches of evolution; lake filling and transition into brackish Paratethys sedimentation.
The first year of investigation (2016) was spent studying the Neogene and Quaternary cycle. A preliminary
separation was made of the Neogene sedimentary cycle, and was presented according to the phases of the
Neogene sedimentary cycle: carbonate-clastic unit (matches the carbonate-clastic lake phase of
sedimentation) and clastic unit (final lake phase).
The first unit matched the upper and middle Miocene (lithofacies of sandy and gravelly clay) on sheet
Paracin of the BGM and Miopliocene (lithfacies of clay and limestone) on sheet Krusevac of the BGM.
The second unit matched the Miopliocene (lithofacies of sand and gravel) on sheet Krusevac of the BGM
and middle Miocene (lithofacies of sand and gravel) on sheet Paracin of the BGM.
The separate units in the Quaternary completely match the solutions of the Basic Geological map of Serbia,
from the Paracin sheet. Lithofacies of fluvial and deluvial proluvial processes are marked.
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Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheets Prijepolje 3 and 4

(Author Divna Jovanovic PhD in Geology):
The area encompassed by the Prijepolje sheet, territorially belongs to southwestern Serbia and is a hilly-
mountainous region with intense erosion dominated by the precipitation process with dredging.
The terrain belongs to the eastern Bosnian – Durmitor block, and partly the western belt of the ophiolite
zone, or rather, the Internal Dinarides.
The Paleozoic rocks on the left bank of the Lim represent a direct continuation of the eastern Bosnian –
Durmitor (or Lim) Paleozoic and have not been sufficiently lithologically or palaeontologically studied, so
their age needs to be more precisely defined. The right bank of the Lim contains middle to upper Triassic
carbonate formations (Pester plateau, Giljeva mountain), formations of ophiolitic mélange (so called
Diabase-hornstone formation) and ultramafitic massif of Ozren, which also needs to be formationally
processed.
Geographic position of the territories of sheets Prijepolje 3 and 4, 1:50.000
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Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Kriva Palanka 4

(Author Rodoljub Gajic PhD in Geology and associates):
The goals of completing the Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Kriva Palanka 1 project, are studying
and solving the geological structure of formations represented within the investigation area and their
graphic and textual presentation. Also, the completion of this sheet of the geological map aims to support
our Macedonian colleagues and aid in cooperation for mutual determination of geological formation
borders located in the vicinity of the administrative border belt.
The terrain covered by sheet Kriva Palanka 1 encompasses Proterozoic and Paleozoic metamorphite,
Cretaceous sediments and Eocene molasses, Neogene andesite and quartz latite.
The terrain is mostly made up of crystal schist, of Proterozoic and old Paleozoic ages, with infiltrations of
greater or lesser masses of Paleozoic and Tertiary granitoid rocks, and the great Surdulica Paleogene
granodiorite pluton. In the eastern part of the terrain, erosive residue of Devonian, Permian and Triassic
formations has been registered, as have Cenozoic sediments in the valleys of the biggest rivers, and
Senonian sediments in the Pcinje valley.
The stratigraphy of crystal schist in this area is still problematic, as determining factors for its solution are
regional investigations of the wider area. In crystal schist of a Predevonian age, numerous larger units can
be separated based on primary and metamorphic differences, an they can conditionally be classified into
series.
Metamorphic and igneous rocks collected through geological mapping of the terrain in 2016 for sheet Kriva
Palanka 1, 1:50.000 that have been petrologically processed can be divided into the following groups:
1. The Siroka Mountain Series (rocks of the lower Serbian-Macedonian mass)

2. The Vlasina Complex (rocks of the upper Serbian-Macedonian mass)
3. The Doganica Granitoids
4. Quartz Latites, dacites, andesites, pyroclastic and vulcanoclastic rocks.
In the valley of Pcinje, Senonian sediments are developed, very similar to from the Grdelica Gorge. They lay
transgressively over crystal schist and make up a belt that mostly follows the Pcinje valley, and is flooded
from the southwest by transgressive Eocene sediments so that in one part – between D. Trnica and the
Kocura river – they are lost below the Eocen. The second erosive remnant of Senonian formations, also
flooded by Palaeogene sediments, remains in Surlica.
Four superpositioned packages with specific facial (Dimitrijevic, M. 1972) characteristics have been
separated:
- facies of near-shore sediments (conglomerates and coarse grained sandstones),
- facies of shallow water estuary sediments (lime rich and clayey-marly sandstone and sandy marl with coal
interbeds),
- facies of deep water pelagic sediments (lime rich marl and marly limestone)
and
- Facies of ending shallow water sediments (redium medium grained sandstone with shards of marl and
limestone).
Four formations that belong to Eocene clastics of Pcinje have been separated: Pyroclastics of Lepcinjac,
Conglomerates of Vrazija Crkva, Formation Kocurica and the Bustrinja formation.
20
Unsorted conglomerates of Vrazija crkva, TO 32
Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, Sheet Bor 4 (Author Ljiljana Tanaskovic and associates)
The investigation area of sheet Bor 4 is located in eastern Serbia, and partly belongs to Bor, and partly to
Zajecar County.
The project of completing a geological ma for sheet Bor 4 has, as a goal, to interpret new findings in view of
a formation geological map with a scale of 1:50.000 and the accompanying interpreter.
The project “Geological map of Serbia 1:50.000 sheet Bor 4” was commenced in 2016 and in the following
phases of work on the Project, problems regarding the area and tectonic composition of formations will be
addressed, as will reconstruction of conditions in which the formations were created, palaeontological
composition and others.
The northwestern part of sheet 4 is dominated by a mountainous relief with the mountain Deli Jovan
(1141m). The reset of the sheet contains hills and flatlands with average heights of 200 to 500m. The height
above sea level below 200m can be found in the valleys of the Jasenica, Cubranska, Sikolska and Glogovacka
rivers.
All water streams belong to the basin of the Danube River. Timok is the largest tributary, and in the area, of
larger rivers, Bela, Glogovacka, Salaska, Sikolska, Jasenica, Jelasnica, Cubranska and Mala are located.
The investigation area belongs to the Krajina zone, the Vrska Cuka – Miroc zone, the Stara planina – Porec
zone and the Kucajska zone.
21
Proterozoic crystal schist is considered the

oldest rock in the investigation area with a
high degree of metamorphism, separated in
the Formation of Tekija crystalline and belong
to the Krajina unit. In the area of sheet Bor 4,
they appear sporadically in the vicinity of
Trnjani, west of Brestovac, east of Metris and
in the vicinity of V. Jasikova.
The Porec terrain contains developed

quantities of crystalline rocks of a rifeo-
cambrian age. They are represented by
volcanogenic-sedimentary formations. Gneiss,
leptinolite, marble and quartzite are spread in
two narrow belts and unified in the Bucinac
formation.
Sketch of the structural units of the Carpatho-Balkanides

(Krstic, 2003)
One belt follows the terrain along Popovica, Sikole, Mirina suma and others, within the Bucinac area.
The Cambrian has been discovered in the Porec - Bela Reka anticline and Miroc zone and is represented by
metamorphosed diabases, diabase-porphyry, gabbro, albite-chlorite schist and marble that has been
separated in the Dubocan Formation (Kräutner & Krstic, 2003).
The wings of the Porec – Bela Reka anticline (Borinac – Glavica) contain appearances of rosey granite and
granite-gneiss, which represent the most probable equivalents of Janjski granite from Stara Planina.
The old Paleozoic sediments begin with conglomerates that interchange with sandstone, allevrolite and
slate. The higher parts of the profile near Rgotina are dominated by sandstone and allevrolite; in which thin
layered to lenticular overcrytallized limestone appear. They are separated into the Ravna reka Formation,
which can be correlated with the Inovska Formation.
The gabbro massif of Deli Jovan was pressed into old Paleozoic sediments and schist, and later was
perforated and metamorphized by hercynian granite. The age of the gabbro massif obtained through the
method of absolute geological age, and is 399, 405 and 406 MA (lowest part of the lower
Devonite – Zakariadze et al., 2006), which does not mean that individual parts of the massif aren’t older.
The diabase are the youngest basic magmatites of Deli Jovan and are spread throughout the southern part
of the massif where they branch out into the gabbro. The granite mass of Popovica are of Carbonic age and
is not widespread along the belt west of Popovica and Sikole.
The vulcanogene-sedimentary formations of the Permian age composed of shards of porphyry, granite,
gabbro, Paleozoic sediments and schist. They are in a tectonic relation to the surrounding rocks.
22
Within sheet Bor 4, Jurassic sediments were discovered in a small area in the vicinity of Rgotina; lower
Jurassic is developed similar to Grestenian development in the Alps. The lower Jurassic is covered by Dogger
sediments represented by arkose sandstone and sandy, sporadically oolitic and iron rich limestone. The
Malm is made up of bank, sheet and shoal limestone.
The lower Cretaceous is represented by Sinian layers (Formation of Sinian layers) and Mokranj flysch
(Mokranj Formation) created during the Alba or Cenomanian (Antonijevic, 1965; Grubic, 1973).
The upper Cretaceous is represented by sandy and coaly slate, clayey and marly sandstone, marl and marly
limestone created during the Cenomanian. Their strata contain vulcanogene-sedimentary formations that
are also connected to the Cenomanian. The Cenomanian is covered by conglomerates and Turonian
sandstone.
The Neogene sediments in sheet Bor 4 contain Stubik formations of a Badenian age and formations of
Suvaja and Vidrovac of a Sarmatian age.
Geoheritage and geodiversity of Serbia for the Pirot sheet
Morphologically, the relief of the investigation area belongs to hilly-mountainous areas with relatively large
height differences between certain parts. The height interval of the area varies from 320m (which is the
lowest part of the Pirot field) to 2169m, which is the height of Midzor, the highest peak of Stara Planina.
Following Midzor, the highest peaks are Srebrna glava (1933m), Tri cuke (1937m), Tri kladenca (1967m).
Northeast of Pirot, the Vidlic Mountain is situated. The highest peaks of Vidlic are: Basarski kamen (1077m)
and Golemi vrh (1413m). Going east towards Babusnica; the following stand out: Stolski kamen (1239m),
Suva planina (Trem peak 1808m), Vlaska planina to the north and Ruj to the south (1706m). The highest
peak of Vlaska planina is Panica, at 1443 meters above sea level. The Provalija and Prcevac hills are located
north of Pirot.
The hydrographic network is well developed and belongs to the Black Sea basin. The river basins – rivers
and streams are oriented toward the Nisava river with steep slopes. Larger rivers beside the Nisava are
Jerma, Temstica and Visocica.
The investigated objects/localities, geotectonically speaking according to Dimitrijevic (1974, 1992, 1995),
belong to the middle parts of the Carpatho-balkanides. According to the geotectonic zoning of eastern
Serbia, the tested geotopes belong to the Stara planina zoneas well as the Tupiznica-teposka zone.
The main criteria for choosing structures that could be the subject of geoheritage are:
 regional profile/column character that can provide global correlation,
 how representative a unit is in regards to the completeness of its development,
 Published references and works in international magazines.
 Most of the objects in the area of sheet Pirot fulfill these conditions.
23
According to valid ProGEO classification (W. A. P. Wimbledon, 1996), two types (geological and cultural) of
representative objects of geodiversity were analyzed and separated in several groups: paleobiological-
palaeontological, stratigraphic, geomorphological, metamorphic and sedimentary petrological, textural and
structural and cultural-historical.
The sediments of most of the analyzed geological structures processed in 2015 and 2016 in this area have
clearly defined lythological and genetic characteristics in relation to the floor strata, making it possible to
separate numerous formations.
Most of the studied structures/localities satisfy the criteria for protection and their advantages are:
 extremely well preserved but unkempt;
 they have been investigated and studied to a high degree by numerous authors: Protic (1934, 1961),
K. Petkovic (1937), Antonovic (1958), Andjelkovic (1960-1996), Urosevic (1989-1996), Radulovic
(1992) and others;
24
 enough information to enable regional and global correlation;

 level of value: national/regional and local;
 the structures are good models and instructive;
 they are complex (of a multidisciplinary character);
 they are educational as structures of geoheritage;
 some structures can be used for the training of students of geology;
 they have educational, scientific and touristic value;
 they are spatially connected, or can be connected with other natural and cultural sights;
 their location spreading over several municipalities;
 a well developed and passable road network (regional and local roads) in their vicinity which makes
them easily approachable and accessible;
 their wider vicinity contains known tourist attractions (Stara planina as a famous tourist ski center,
Pirot, Zavoj lake, churches, monastaries, etc.);
 they are located within the nature park Stara planina (the area of Stara planina was named a Nature
park in 1977 with various caretakers);
 they have economi potential, etc.
disadvantages:
 relatively low populated area, with decreasing tendency (many villages are abandoned, or the
residents are seasonal);
 undeveloped housing capacity – village tourism, service providing activities, low level of
accompanying cultural content;
 insufficient affirmation/presentation of the area;
 insufficient organization of the structures;
 with most of the structures, information signs are damaged or do not exist. If existing, they need to
be redone and geological data must be added.
Terrain work analyzed the geomorphological, sedimentary-petrological and structuctural objects:

1. Krajinci (Pirot 3, Velika Lukanja section)
2. Crveni breg 9Pirot 4, Visocka Rzana section)
3. Krmolj (Pirot 1, Tobli Dol section)
4. Mali Cingulj (Pirot 1, Topli Dol Section)
5. Cingulj (Pirot 1, Topli Dol section)
6. Ivkov vir (Pirot 4, Muci-baba section)
7. Dvojni (Pirot 4, Muci-baba section)
8. Skok (Pirot 4, Muci-baba section)
9. Zaskovci (Pirot 1, Topli Dol section)
10. Vladikine ploce (Pirot 4, Visocka Rzana sction)
The data obtained during these investigations allows for a better understanding of the geological structure
of the area that contains the localities, and serves as a base for a total presentation of the geological
structure of the terrain for sheet Pirot in a regional, local and global sense, according to formation
principles. This creates the necessary conditions for connecting geological formations and structures in this
25
part of the area and helps solve problems in the geological homogenous region of eastern Serbia. The
results of the investigations are presented in the form of a yearly report with accompanying graphic
documentation, upon the finalization of terrain, laboratory and cabinet investigations.
These investigations would considerably aid in determining the complete geological conditions for the
requirements f environmental protection and sustainability.
In a scientific-educational sense, the data obtained from the investigations for this Project allow for forming
a base for more in-depth work regarding protecting the geoheritage and geodiversity of Serbia.
This secures the possibility of introducing the wider public to priceless values located in our country, the
exchange of experience and knowledge with other countries that have gone much further in this area. By
doing so, we would make our localities available to the international scientific public, for which interest
definitely exists.
In an economic sense, the results of these investigations can find applications in domestic, but also
international educational and ever more popular geotourism.
The goal of the Project is to collect suggestions for geological heritage that represent important moments in
the development of the Earth’s crust within the territory of Serbia, currently for sheet Pirot, so that these
appearances of forms and profiles can be focused on and at the same time, protected from further
deterioration.
The general goal of the Project is to determine the condition of the localities and possible connection into a
functional whole with other structures of geoheritage in Serbia, as well as international correlation.
Jeram canyon
26
Rosomac (Slavinjski) “Lonci” Tupavica Waterfall
Complex geological-ecological investigations of fluvial deposits of tributaries and the Tisa

channel on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the aim of
environmental protection
(Author Sladjana Dusanic and associates):
Small water flows drain the surface and groundwater of urban and industrial areas and as such are carriers
of pollutants for larger river flows, such as the river Tisa. Investigating the fluvial deposits of smaller flows
determines the history of pollution, the current state of pollution and its impact to this day on the quality of
water of larger flows, as a starting point for determining adequate monitoring that will enable timely
reactions to potential dangers of possible future pollutants of fluvial deposits of small flows, and in that way
prevent the pollution of larger water flows from whose alluvial deposits many large consumers in the river
Tisa basin area, derive their drinking water, such as Titel, Zrenjanin, Zabalj, Novi Becej and others with
approximately 105,000 residents.
The border of the investigation area has been determined according to municipality borders along
the Tisa, in the aim of identifying sampling points for sampling and mud and water analyses, in the
confluence of smaller tributaries and channels of river Tisa. The area encompassed by the
investigation is made up of the surfaces of 10 municipalities of the Autonomous Province of
Vojvodina in the alluvial zone of Tisa: Titel, Zrenjanin, Zabalj, Novi Becej, Becej, Ada, Coka, Senta,
Kanjiza and Novi Knezevac (figure 1). For this year, reconnaissance of the entire investigation area
and terrain investigation works in the area from Kanjiza to Ada were performed. The basic goal of
this project is to determine the quality of the environment in the area of Vojvodina through which
the Tisa flows, by performing systematic testing of the water and river sediments (mud). Basic
geochemical investigations of the sampled material can give an insight into the situation in regards
to pollution of the same, as well as the impact the tributaries have on the Tisa. The obtained results
27
can have uses in water supply, agriculture, environmental protection and all other disciplines related
to the basin of the river Tisa.
The area of Vojvodina is characterized by
a relatively simple geological structure.
Most of the terrain is made up of
Quaternary sediments, approximately
97%, while Prequaternary rocks make up
the smaller part, approximately 3%. The
Prequaternary rocks compose the
hypsometrically higher terrains of Fruska
Gora and Vrsacki Breg.
Based on former investigations, it is a fact
that the Tisa basin contains a large
number of various sources of pollution.
This is emphasized by the fact that the
river Tisa, as the main recipient of water
in the basin, is one of the most polluted
water flows of the Pannonian basin. Having in mind that the greatest amount of pollutants enters the Tisa
in the stream located in Hungary; this river enters Serbia already notably polluted. Under the influence of
pollutants in Serbia, the water quality of the Tisa river is additionally compromised, which is why at the
confluence the quality falls to a transitory III/IV class, and sometimes even to a IV class of quality.
Therefore, the water of the Tisa river in the part of the stream that flows through Serbia, does not satisfy
the criteria of the demanding II class of quality. Possible carriers of pollutants for the Tisa river can be small
streams that flow into the Tisa, which makes their investigation essential.
The final goal of this project is defining the current state of pollution of small streams and channels that
flow into the Tisa, along with forming a model for the distribution and disposing of heavy metals. This
would provide the best possible information about geological-ecological conditions for the forming and
dynamic of small water flows in the investigation terrain, which has not been done so far. The
investigation area has been processed through terrain investigations, and now we await laboratory
analyses of the water and mud based on which the degree of pollution of fluvial deposits of smaller
streams and their impact on the Tisa will be determined.
Geochemical map of the Republic of Serbia 1:500.000
The “Geochemical map of Serbia, 1:500.000 (stream, overbank and floodplain sediments)” represents the
continuation of geochemical investigations within the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
The compositions of stream, overbank and floodplain sediments indicate the state of the environment, and
are often an indicators when investigating mineral ore.
Investigations that cover the entire area of the Republic of Serbia have been foreseen within the scope of
the project. The control factor of the appearance of chemical elements is represented by river basins, or
rather the geological and geomorphological structure of the terrain. The area foreseen for investigation in
28
2017, in the wider sense, is located in western Serbia. Direct investigations will encompass sediments of its
northern part – sediments of the West Morava basin.
Geomorphologically, the areas foreseen for investigation in 2017 belong to a mountainous-basin area
(Starovlaska-Raska plane and part of western Pomoravlje, that is to say, middle mountain range with
average altitudes of approximately 800 meters above sea level).
The goal of investigation is determining the chemical composition of sediments (stream, overbank and
floodplain), which would be a base for defining their heredity (geogene and/or anthropogenic).
Realization of the project will determine concentrations of essential, potentially toxic, toxic and
cancerogene elements. Beside this aspect, the obtained data can be used for the prospecting of mineral
ore.
The composition of stream sediments reflects the composition of the alluvium floor, but is also a product of
the disintegration of the surrounding rock. These sediments practically represent material composite of the
studied stream basin or river. The flood processes in alluvium, low-energy valleys deposit floodplain
sediments. Overbank sediments are alluvial deposits of material deposited after floods on the banks of
rivers or streams in mountainous environments.
The results of the investigations performed within project “Geochemical map of the Republic of Serbia,
1:500.000 (stream, overbank and floodplain sediments)” are generally applicable:
- practically, where they help in defining environmentally threatened areas (current and historical
pollution), and simultaneously act as indicators when investigating mineral ore deposits;
- theoretically, in the forming of a geochemical database, determining the distribution of chemical elements
(qualitative and quantitative analyses of the content of chemical elements) that have a geogene or
anthropomorphic heritage.
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY
The Geological survey of Serbia (Sector for General Geology) has had a developed cooperation with the
countries in the region in the last several years. The cooperation is characterized by work done on
bordering sheets of Geological map of Serbia 1:50.000 (Formational approach) with the Republic of Croatia
(sheet Backa Palanka 4), Republika Srpska (sheet Zvornik 1), Republic of Macedonia (sheet Kriva Palanka 1)
and the Republic of Montenegro (sheets Prijepolje 3 & 4).
In 2007, a new project of Technical and Scientific cooperation in the field of regional geological mapping of
the “Jabal Eghi” was signed between the Industrial Investigation Center and the Geological Institute of
Serbia. Within this project, mapping of seven sheets with a scale of 1:250.000 are to be mapped. The
project is under way and will most likely be completed by the end of the following year.
29
LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR FOR GENERAL GEOLOGY
NAME SURNAME e-mail

ALEKSANDRA ĆIRIĆ aleksandra.ciric@gzs.gov.rs
ANITA ŠIJAN anita.sijan@gzs.gov.rs
BILJANA ČARAPIĆ biljana.carapic@gzs.gov.rs
BILJANA GRBIĆ biljana.grbic@gzs.gov.rs
BOJAN GLAVAŠ bojan.glavas@gzs.gov.rs
BOJAN ŽOLNAJ bojan.zolnaj@gzs.gov.rs
BOŽIDAR DJOKIĆ bozidar.djokic@gzs.gov.rs
DANICA POPOVIĆ danica.popovic@gzs.gov.rs
DANKA BLAGOJEVIĆ danka.blagojevic@gzs.gov.rs
DEJAN BARJAKTAROVIĆ dejan.barjaktarovic@gzs.gov.rs
DIVNA JOVANOVIĆ divna.jovanovic@gzs.gov.rs
DRAGAN JOVANOVIĆ dragan.jovanovic@gzs.gov.rs
DRAGAN SIMIĆ dragan.simic@gzs.gov.rs
IVANA STJEPANOVIĆ ivana.stjepanovic@gzs.gov.rs
LJILJANA NIKOLIĆ
LJILJANA TANASKOVIĆ ljiljana.tanaskovic@gzs.gov.rs
MILUN JOVANOVIĆ milun.jovanovic@gzs.gov.rs
MIRJANA GALO mirjana.galo@gzs.gov.rs
MIROSLAV MIJATOVIĆ miroslav.mijatovic@gzs.gov.rs
MONIKA MIRKOVIĆ monika.mirkovic@gzs.gov.rs
PAVLE TANČIĆ
PETAR STEJIĆ petar.stejic@gzs.gov.rs
RADOLJUB MARKOVIC
RADOMIR ĆENDIC
RODOLJUB GAJIĆ rodoljub.gajic@gzs.gov.rs
SENKA ANDJELKOVIĆ
SLADJANА DUSANIĆ sladjana.dusanic@gzs.gov.rs
SLAVICA DJAJIĆ slavica.djajic@gzs.gov.rs
SLAVICA STEVANOVIĆ
SRDJAN VUKOVIĆ srdjan.vukovic@gzs.gov.rs
SREBRENKA PETROVIĆ srebrenka.petrovic@gzs.gov.rs
TATJANA VRTIKAPA tatjana.vrtikapa@gzs.gov.rs
VALENTINA VULETOVIĆ GAĆAŠ valentina.vuletovic@gzs.gov.rs
ZORAN BOJIĆ zoran.bojic@gzs.gov.rs
ZORAN TASIĆ zoran.tasic@gzs.gov.rs
ZORANA BUTOROVIĆ zorana.butorovic@gzs.gov.rs
ZVONKO MATIĆ zvonko.matic@gzs.gov.rs
ŽELJKO CVETKOVIĆ zeljko.cvetkovic@gzs.gov.rs
30
SECTOR FOR INVESTIGATING
MINERAL ORE DEPOSITS
31
Jovan Kovacevic, PhD in Geology,

Assistant director
E-mail: jovan.kovacevic@gzs.gov.rs
The Sector for investigating mineral ore deposits performs activities related to:
investigating mineral resources (metallic and nonmetallic ore, fossil fuels and nuclear mineral ore); producing
basic and themed metallogene and mineragenetic and prognosis maps; prospect investigations of metallic,
nonmetallic and energy mineral ore; investigating and performing projects in the areas of basic geological
investigations of mineral resources; defining controlling factors for the formation and spatial placement of
mineralization (genesis of mining deposits); defining mining and ore bearing formations; geological-
economical predictions of prospective areas, in view of finding and exploiting mineral ore; information
preparation about the degree of investigations covered, methodologies applied, and sustainable use of
mineral resources and ore; involvement in the preparation, performing and realization of plans, programs and
projects in the area of sustainable natural resources and environmental protection that are financed through
other funds also; realization of scientific investigative and international projects in the area of basic geological
investigations of mineral ore deposits; creating plans and programs for investigative works in the area of basic
geological investigations of mineral ore; completing complex geological foundations for the requirements of
planning, projecting and building structures; completing strategic documents, plans and investigative
programs from the work span of the Sector; completing projects, studies and surveys; defining natural
environmental contaminants (uranium, thorium, radium, radon, arsenic and others; preparing samples for
geochemical and radiometric testing; chemical analyses of samples for certain elements and compounds using
AAS, AASH, UV/VIS SF methods, potentiometrics, conductometrics, volumetrics, fluorometrics, emanometrics;
laboratory radiometric testing of samples (U, Th, K, eRa); documenting analyzed samples; completing reports
about analyzed samples; completing collections of analyzed samples; performing geophysical tests using
methods such as: induced polarization, electrical resistance, geomagnetism, seismic, gravimetric, radiometric,
geophysical well logging and others; completing various geophysical maps (geomagnetic, seismotectonic,
gravimetric, radiometric and others); interpretation of geophysical testing results; publishing scientific papers
in the area of investigating mineral ore deposits; performing other work within the professional description of
the sector.
The realization of projects in the Sector is completed according to the Annual program of basic geological
investigations for the following year.
The goal of realizing the Program of basic geological investigations is to define the composition and
structure of the Earth’s crust; determine the potential value of an area in view of finding mineral ore to the
degree of reserve coverage for the C1 category; determine the condition and characteristics of the rocks
and soil.
32
The sector for investigating mineral ore deposits is made up of the following internal units:
 Department for metallic mineral ore
 Department for nonmetallic mineral ore
 Group for energy mineral ore
 Group for geophysical investigations
Chemical laboratory and sample preparation department
DEPARTMENT FOR METALLIC MINERAL ORE
Head of Department of the department for metallic mineral ore:
MSc Slobodanka Sudar, MSc in geology, E-mail: slobodanka.sudar@gzs.gov.rs

Employees:
Rajko Krunic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: rajko.krunic@gzs.gov.rs
Kovacevic Veroljub, MSc in Geology, E-mail: veroljub.kovacevic@gzs.gov.rs
Mladenovski Gute, MSc in Geology, E-mail: gute.mladenovski@gzs.gov.rs
Goran Zlatanovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: goran.zlatanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Vukosav Kijanovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: vukosav.kijanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Ljiljana Milosavljevic, Geological technician, E-mail: ljiljana.milosavljevic@gzs.gov.rs
Danijela Stojanovic, Geological technician, E-mail: danijela.stojanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Vasa Damjanovic, Geological technician, E-mail: vasa.damjanovic@gzs.gov.rs
In the department for metallic mineral ore work is performed related to: detailed geological investigations
of metallic mineral ore; detailed geological investigations of metallic mineral ore of special interest to the
Republic; completing metalogenic maps of different scales and purposes completing a cadaster of metallic
ore in the Republic of Serbia; participation in the preparation of a working program for geological
investigations of metallic mineral ore; participation in the preparation of reports and information for the
Government in the area of metallic mineral ore; participation in preparing propositions for making decisions
about metallic mineral ore of special interest for the Republic (strategic mineral ore); setting
recommendations and standards for completing metalogene, prognosis and other maps; participation in
completing other specialist maps (especially formation maps) as well as completing their interpreters;
collecting, noting, and storing all data about the metallic mineral ore of the Republic; publishing scientific
and professional papers in the area of investigating metallic mineral ore deposits; performing other work
within the scope of work of the Department.
33
According to the program of basic geological investigations in the period from 2012 to 2016, notable
multiannual projects have been realized, mostly related to the investigation of copper, gold, platinum group
of elements (PGE), chrome, as well as projects regarding rare metals and rare elements.
Geological investigations of Cu, Au and corresponding associations of elements in the

daibase-chert formation of the Middle Polimlje;
Project author: Kijanovic Vukosav, MSc in Geology
Based on results of several years of investigation, new appearances have been discovered as well as
mineralization and widened prospective surfaces for investigation. Based on the level of feasibility,
potential areas have been designated for applied study. The results of investigations performed between
2010 and 2016 will be presented in the Report about geological investigation results.
Middle Polimlje, diabase-chert formation
34
Basic metalogene investigations of ULTRABAZIT in Serbia (PGE, Au, Fe and others);

Project author: Rajko Krunic, MSc in Geology,
The geological investigations have, as their goal, to determine the economic content of PGE, Au and accompanying
mineral ore in ultra basalt in Serbia in the first phase. The utra basalt areas of Veluc (2014) and Lipovac (2015) have
been investigated, as well as Takovo (2016). The realization of the project was commenced in 2014, and the
conclusion is planned for 2019.
Thin section:
a) Magnetite crystals with nickeline inclusions
b) aggregations of vaesite-bravoite (light)
c) inclusion of PGE minerals in magnetite
d) inclusion of PGE minerals in magnetite
Geological-metalogene studies of areas of road construction in the Republic of Serbia;

Project authors: Jovan Kovacevic PhD in Geology, Slobodanka Sudar MSc in Geology.
The basic goal of realizing this multiannual project is to minimize financial investment while obtaining notable
geological data from localities (profiles) that are “discovered” due to construction work in the scope of building roads.
Geological data is collected for the possible discovery of new appearances of mineral ore, better defining already
known appearances of mineral ore, more precise viewing of their dimensions, determining the content of useful
components, as well as defining conditions for forming and legal distribution of potential mining formations. During
2016, investigative works were realized within the Bor metalogene zone (Niska Banja-Pirot road, as well as the wider
area of Takovo (antimony, mercury, gold and others).
Roadway Dicina (mylonite zone in serpentinite,

measurement of mining capacity using portable device XRF NITON XLT)
35
Basic geological investigations of alluvial gold deposits in Serbia;

Project author: Simo Mojic, MSc in Geology
Basic geological investigations have, as their goal, to determine the possibility of finding economic
concentrations of gold in alluvial deposits in Serbia. The investigations were performed in the localities od
Jastrebac (2015) and SE of Bosilegrad (2016). Realization of the project commenced in 2015, and the end is
planned in 2019.
Panning and final view of washed out pan with sample
Basic geological investigations of chrome and accompanying metals on the territory of the
Republic of Serbia;
Project authors: Gute Mladenovski, MSc in Geology and Rajko Krunic, MSc in Geology
The goal of this multiannual project is to additionally investigate potential and insufficiently investigated
resources of chrome in mining areas in which its presence has been detected, and in which there are
realistic assumptions for finding new ones. The foreseen geological investigations are a continuation of the
basic geological investigations of chrome and associated metals begun in 2015 in the area of the Jelica
massive. Investigations in 2016 covered a part of Jelica and south of the massive (mining field Stolovi).
Realization of the project was commenced in 2015 and has been planned to be concluded in 2019.
Macroscopic view of sample 3x, cataclastic concentrations of fresh chromite, subject 20x//N
36
DEPARTMENT FOR NONMETALLIC MINERAL ORE
Head of Department for nonmetallic mineral ore:
Jovica Jovanovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: jovica.jovanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Employees:
Simo Mojic MSc in Geology, E-mail: simo.mojic@gzs.gov.rs
Cvetko Zivkovic MSc in Geology, E-mail: cvetko.zivkovic@gzs.gov.rs
Nenad Vasic MSc in Geology, E-mail: nenad.vasic@gzs.gov.rs
Tanja Sekulic Geological technician, E-mail: tanja.sekulic@gzs.gov.rs
Dusanka Radovanovic Geological technician, E-mail: dusanka.radovanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Biljana Stevic Geological technician, E-mail: biljana.stevic@gzs.gov.rs
Nenad Dimitrijevic Geological technician
In the Department for nonmetallic mineral ore work is performed in relation to: basic geological
investigations of nonmetallic mineral ore; detailed geological investigations of nonmetallic mineral ore of
particular interest to the Republic; completing prognosis geological maps of different scales and purposes;
completing mineragene maps of different scales and purposes; completing a cadastre of nonmetallic
mineral ore of the Republic of Serbia; participation in the preparation of geological investigation work
programs for nonmetallic mineral ore; participation in preparing reports and information for the
Government in the area of nonmetallic mineral ore; participation in preparing propositions for decision
making about nonmetallic mineral ore of special interest to the Republic (strategic mineral ore); providing
instructions and standards for the completion of mineragene, prognosis and other maps; participation in
completing other specialized maps (especially formation maps) and completing their interpreters;
collecting, noting and storing all data about nonmetallic mineral ore of the Republic; publishing scientific
and other professional papers in the area of investigating nonmetallic mineral ore deposits; performing
other work within the scope of work of the Department.
According to the program of basic geological investigations for 2016, the following projects are realized
within the department for nonmetallic mineral ore:
Grading potentiality of glauconite in the marine sediments of the Republic of Serbia;

Project author: Cvetko Zivkovic, MSc in Geology
The goal of the investigation is to determine the potentiality, spatial position, quality and amount of
glauconite in the Republic of Serbia, or rather, to register all appearances of glauconite and to determine
the quality. Realization of the project began in 2016, and is planned to be finalized in 2018.
Glauconite - East Serbia; glaucolite-sample
37
Study: Grading the potentiality of decorative rock in Serbia,

Project author: Nenad Vasic, MSc in Geology
The goal of the project is registering all sites of decorative rock within the territory of the Republic of Serbia,
producing a map and registry book of all sites, as valorization of the same. In 2016, basic geological
investigations were performed regarding the mineragenetic characteristics of decorative rock within the
territory encompassed by geological map sheet Zagubica 1:50.000. All protected, undisturbed rock masses
have been registered due to their potential interest when taking decorative rock investigation and
exploitation into account.
Decorative characteristics of the rock

38
GROUP FOR ENERGY MINERAL ORE
Manager of the group for energy mineral ore:
Svetlana Simic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: svetlana.simic@gzs.gov.rs
Employees:
Dragoljub Grgurovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: dragoljub.grgurovic@gzs.gov.rs
Vuk Kasalica, MSc in Geology, E-mail: vuk.kasalica@gzs.gov.rs
Ljiljana Jovanovic, Geological technician, E-mail: ljiljana.jovanovic@gzs.gov.rs
In the Group for energy mineral ore work is performed related to: basic geological investigations of energy
mineral ore (coal, uranium, thorium, oil and natural gas); detailed geological investigations of energy
mineral ore of special interest to the Republic; completing prognosis geological maps of energy mineral ore
of different scales and purposes; completing radiometric maps of different scales and purposes; completing
a cadastre of energy mineral ore in the Republic of Serbia; participating in the preparation of the work
program of geological investigations of energy mineral ore; participation in preparing recommendations for
decisions about energy mineral ore of special interest for the Republic (strategic mineral ore); completing
directions and standards for completing prognosis and other maps of energy mineral ore; participating in
completing other specialized maps (especially formation maps) as well as completing their interpreters;
collecting, noting and storing all data about energy mineral ore in the Republic of Serbia; publishing
scientific and professional papers in the area of investigating deposits of energy mineral ore; performing
other work within the scope of work of the Group.
According to the program of basic geological investigations in the Group for energy mineral ore, the
following projects are being realized:
Geological-economic maps of solid energy ore in the Republic of Serbia (coal and oil shale),
Project author: Svetlana Simic, MSc in Geology
Geological investigations, according to the “Geological-economic maps of solid energy ore (coal and oil
shale) in the Republic of Serbia” project, have been performed since 2015, in the aim of establishing a
strategic overview of the realistic potentials of solid energy ore. The geological-economic maps represent
an insight into geological-economic properties of the deposits using a graphic approach. They provide
information about the spatial positioning, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the coal and oil
shale, how thoroughly they have been investigated, production, transport capacities, investigation costs,
refining costs, that is to say all factors and indicators of the geological-economic standards. Spatially, the
geological-economic maps are connected to the regions and counties of the Republic of Serbia.
Oil shale, Vlase-Golemo village, Vranje

basin; oil shale of Podvis – detail-Podvis
39
Basic geological investigations of coal in the Sokobanja basin,

Project author: Dragoljub Grgurovic, MSc in Geology
Basic geological investigations of coal in the Sokobanja basin have been performed since 2011, in the aim of
determining the coal bearing capacities of the eastern part of the basin using geological mapping and
completing a detailed geological map, geophysical methods of investigation (geoelectric sounding) and
laboratory tests of the rock material.
Sokobanja basin; tour map, detailed geological map with geophysical profile;
reinterpreted geoelectric profiles of earler investigations
GROUP FOR GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Manager of the group for geophysical investigations:
Dusan Nikolic, MSc in Geology, dusan.nikolic@gzs.gov.rs
Employees:
Mihajlo Pandurov, MSc in Geology, E-mail: mihajlo.pandurov@gzs.gov.rs
Bozo Piljevic, Geological technician
In the Group for geophysical investigations work is performed related to: performing field geophysical
tests using the following methods: induced polarization, electrical resistance, geomagnetism, seismic,
gravimetric, radiometric and others; performing geophysical coring; completing various geophysical maps
(geomagnetic seismotectonic, gravimetric, radiometric and others); interpreting results of geophysical
testing; publishing scientific and professional papers in the area of geophysical testing; gathering, noting
and storing all geophysical data from the territory of the Republic of Serbia; performing other work within
the scope of work of the Group.
40
Measuring magnetism; geoelectric sounding
According to the program of basic geological investigations for 2016, the following project is being realized:
Monitoring aeromagnetic, gravimetric and aerogamaspetrometric anomalies in the field in

Serbia,
Project author: Dusan Nikolic, MSc in Geology
The goal of these multiannual investigations is finding new, until now undiscovered or unregistered
appearances of metallic mineral ore within the designated investigation area, widening already known
mining areas, whether the discovered appearances are located in only one part of the designated ore
bearing area or they are alone within it. During 2016, a previous check was performed of separate
aeromagnetic anomalies in the wider area of Golija, which are potential indicators of ore bearing fields.
Aeromagnetic and gravimetric map-Golija

41
Beside the mentioned project, within the sector, the following GENERAL PROJECTS are being realized:
Instructions for a metalogenetic map,

Project authors: Jovan Knezevic PhD, Predrag Mijatovic MSc in Geology
Work on a formational map of the Republic of Serbia with a scale of 1:50.000 began on several sheets and
mentioned map practically represents a base for the completion of a metalogenetic map. A draft for the
completion of a 1:50.000 metalogenetic map was made in 2016. A revision of the Instructions draft is
currently being performed by competent experts. Upon completion of the revision, the same will be printed
to an optimal number, so that all potential users can have a copy.
Completion of metalogenetic mp sheet Prijepolje 2, 1:50.000,

Project author: Vukosav Kijanovic, MSc in Geology
Completion of metalogenetic map – sheet Prijepolje 2 is meant to serve as a base for further activity when
completing other metalogenetic maps, but also other specialized maps whose foundation, beside
formational, can be a metalogenic map. The final completion of the map is preceded by: the phase of
remote detection with analyses of satellite imaging and forming a map of the regional morphostructural
composition with field verification; field reconnaissance with prospecting, structural-geological profiling
with lithofacial recording; collecting petrological, geochemical, mining, chemical and panning samples as
well as their laboratory processing. Realization of the project began in 2015, and is planned to be finalized
in 2019.
Geological characteristics and potentials of the Knic municipality,

Project author: Goran Zlatanovic, MSc in Geology
An insight into the mineral ore potential of municipalities in Serbia represents a notable contribution not
only for geology, but also for municipality itself. Investigations have a goal to, based on the available
investigation results, present the mineral ore potential of the municipalities. In the past few years, the
geological potential has been presented for the munivipality of Ljubovija and Tutin. Realization of the
project for the municipality of Knic, was in the period between years 2015 and 2016.
42
Mineragenetic characteristics and potentiality of neogene basins in Serbia,

Project author: Jovica Jovanovic, MSc in Geology
Project kickoff was in 2016, and its finalisation is planned for year 2022. Basically, the goal of the suggested
investigations is to, on the foundation of previous investigation results and with newly gathered data from
the field, analyze the mineral-ore potentials of neogene basins in Serbia.
The profile of coarse grained tephra of the pracimal part of the flooding delta;
sketch of flooding delta tephra- proximal area locality Kobisnjica near Negotin
43
Entry of existing data of Basic geological investigations into the GeolISS form,
Project author: Jelena Kokot, MSc in Geology, E-mail: jelena.kokot@gzs.gov.rs
The geological information system of Serbia has been developing the last several years as a project of the
Ministry of mining and energy. The goal of this information system is forming a unique object oriented
database for digital archiving geological data and information and securing contemporary and effective
information bases for performing all activities connected to planning, projecting and decision making
related to geology.
INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
Project: Tibesti – South of Libya
The Geological survey of Serbia has, in the previous period realized notable projects with international
involvement. One such project is “Metallic mineral ore in Libya”.
The geological composition of the area in the southern part of Libya is mostly made up of basement rocks –
granitoid, metamorphite, rhyolite, aplite, gabbro, syenite, quartzite and quartz lines, etc. A small part of the
investigation area is covered with basalt.
Camp in the Sahara; morphic examples of aeolic erosion; quartz lines with sulphide mineralization
Within the completion of formation maps in the southern parts of Libya, regional prospectional
investigations of mineral ore were also performed. Beside great reserves of nonmetallic mineral ore
(gypsum, quartz sand, basalt and others), notable mineralizations of copper and uranium have been
registered.
Mineralizations of copper are connected to amphibolite with epidotes and skarns with small inclusions of
gabbro, gneiss and quartz lines that are located in the spacious granitoid massive of the Tibesti area,
represent the most prospective rock areas in view of finding economically interesting mineralizations of
copper. Mineralizations of copper are followed by very interesting concentrations of gold, silver, zinc and
smaller quantities of lead.
44
Macroscopic observations that have been confirmed by laboratory testing, in these rocks, confirmed
considerable mineralizations of copper. Copper is found in view of chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite,
malachite, and rarely azurite.
Mineralization of copper; gold in a sample
The greatest concentrations of copper are always followed a heightened silver content, while anomalous
content of gold, lead and zinc do not have a definitive regularity, that is to say, heightened Cu content does
not heighten the content of these trace elements.
The morphology of mining bodies is conditioned by the character of contact between amphibolite and the
surrounding rocks. Besade mining bodies of irregular morphology which dominate, mining bodies of lenslike
and platelike shapes are also common, which have been reshaped through later processes (tectonic and
metamorphic).
The surrounding rocks are minable due to the impact of hydrothermal solutions causing intense
metasomatic transformations with silification, chloritization and sericitic alteration as dominant alteration
facies. Although there is still insufficient data, based on the overall view of the terrain, and results of
laboratory testing, it can be surmized that these mineralizations belong to the hydrothermal type. Within
the hydrothermal type, a more precise classification, also based on all collected data, indicates two genetic
subtypes: the hydrothermal vulcanogene-sediment type and the hydrothermal skarn type.
From the aspect of uranium bearing capacity, rhyolite should be set aside as the most prospective
environment for finding uranium mineralization. These rocks are located in the central part of the
investigation area and encompass an area of around 80 km2. Rhyolites have penetrade the granite, and are
located within a greater regional sheer zone (structure) that have a direction of northeast southwest. The
area that covers rhyolite cross-sectioned with greater fault zones in a northwest-southeastern direction.
A notable appearance of uranium is located in the southern part of the Libyan territory. Pedestrian
prospecting registered an interesting anomily of radioactivity in rhyolite.
45
Prospecting investigation of the rhyolite was performed in continuity (non-stop) along with radiometric
measuring. In that instance, two larger anomalies of radioactivity in the rhyolites themselves were
registered and several smaller anomalies in granite that are located immediately with the rhyolite.
On average (without anomalies), the radioactivity within the rhyolite is from 130 to 180 cps. Radiometric
analyses registered values from 50 to 350 ppm of uranium, with insignificant concentrations of thorium.
Based on the experiences of investigators who

covered the area and performed the prospecting
of this part of the terrain, it can be surmised that
the uranium mineralization is connected to
tectonic-magmatic structures, or rather tectonic-
vulcanic, and within those to structures of
effusives, volcanoes or subvolcanoes.
Based on field observation, it can be concluded

that the uranium deposited within the fault zone
that was represented uranium deposited within
the fault zone that was silica breccia.
Registering uranium mineralization
Depositing uranium from the solution was conducted through minerals of iron (lemonite) and minerals of
clay that make up the connecting structure of silica breccia.
The uranium bearing solutions most likely originate from surrounding granitoide rocks (the source of
uranium) and through existing structures (faults and fissures) when encountering a favorable geochemical
environment, uranium is deposited.
46
CHEMICAL LABORATORY AND SAMPLE PREPARATION DEPARTMENT
Head of Department: Maja Poznanovic, MSc in Chemistry, E-mail: maja.poznanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Employees:
Ivana Jovanovic, MSc in Chemistry, E-mail: ivana.jovanic@gzs.gov.rs
Aleksandra Stolic, MSc in Biology, E-mail: aleksandra.stolic@gzs.gov.rs
Zoran Popovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: zoran.popovic@gzs.gov.rs
Biljana Rakic, Chemical technician, E-mail: biljana.rakic@gzs.gov.rs
Nikola Grujoski, Chemical technician, E-mail: nikola.grujoski@gzs.gov.rs
Sladjana Kuga, Chemical technician,
Srdjan Klajn, Chemical technician,
Goran Radosavljavic, Geological technician,
Zoran Misic, Geological technician,
Bizic Natasa, Chemical technician,
In the Chemical laboratory and sample preparation department, work is performed related to:
 mechanical sample preparation for testing (crumbling, grinding, sample splitting); sample distribution
to specific laboratories;
 chemical analyses of sample using methods: AAS AASH;
 UV/VIS SF potentiometry;
 conductometry, volumetry;
 fluometry, emanometry;
 analyses of: water, soil, minerals, rocks, air;
 radiometric sample analyses (U, Th, K, eRa);
 sorting the analyzed samples;
 completing reports about the analyzed samples;
 professional opinions about the results of chemical testing and similar problems;
 completing collections of analyzed samples;
completing other works within the scope of work of the Department.
Separating geological samples; Atomic Absorption Spectrometer AAS
47
SECTOR OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
AND HYDROGEOLOGY
Employees of the Sector of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology
48
Dragan Mihajlovic, MSc in Geology,

Assistant Director
E-mail: dragan.mihajlovic@gzs.gov.rs
Within the Geological Survey of Serbia, the Sector of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology is separated
into two Departments: the Department for Engineering Geology with Geomechanical Laboratory and the
DEpartment for Hydrogeology.
The Department for engineering geology has a total of 14 employees, of which one holds an MSc, there are
seven bachelors of science in geology and six technicians. The sector is run by the head of department, with
the head of the group for engineering geology and the head of the group for the geomechanical laboratory.
The Department for Hydrogeology consists of 17 employees, of whom: three hold PhDs in geology, one and
MSc, eight BSc holders and four technicians.
This Sector has gained its reputation through decades of work within the Geological Survey of Serbia. It has
dealt with completing basic engineering geological and hydrogeological maps of different scales,
engineering geological and hydrogeological maps bases for spatial planning, general and detailed urbanistic
plans for municipalities, settlements and capital structures in the country and abroad, solving numerous
problems in the area of water provision, finding thermal, mineral and high quality low mineral groundwater
for bottling, solving mining drainage systems, monitoring groundwater quality, specialized atlases for
special purposes and more.
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
Until 2012, the Geological Survey was registered as a legal entity (for profit organization), it performed
work from the market, and for the city of Belgrade and the Republic of Serbia it was involved with a range
of capital projects such as:.
 Engineering geological investigations for the construction of a light metro in Belgrade,

 Engineering geological investigations for the construction of a large number of dams and tunnels,
 Engineering geological investigations for the construction and funding of numerous business-
dwelling complexes.
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The Department dealing with geotechnical investigations consists of two organizational units of a lower
order:
 The group for geotechnics

 The group for the geomechanical laboratory
In the group for geotechnics, work related to the following is performed:
 Completing Basic Engineering Geological Maps as bases for spatial planning, mining activities, the
development of urbanization and infrastructural objects;
 Preparation; analyses and reports, professional directions in the area of engineering geological
investigations;
 Completing engineering geological and geotechnical surfaces for constructing different structures,
from capital to individual;
 Regional and study specific and scientific studies within the scope of geotechnical investigations of
municipal spatial plans;
 General and detailed urbanistic plans for settlements and cities;
 Seismic microregionalization for different spatial purposes of generalsocial value;
 Geotechnical investigations for the needs of environmental protection;
 Completion of a plan and program for field remediation and structures of immense social value;
 Preparation of work programs in the area of engineering geological investigations;
 Keeping a landslide and unstable slope cadastre.
The geomechanical laboratory is an entity that completes the engineering geological investigations and
performs:
 Laboratory geomechanical testing;

 Identification of granulometric composition, plasticity, moisture and volume weight tests;
 Determining the edometric compressibility test;
 Determining paramaters for shear strength, cohesion and the angle of internal friction;
 Determining the optimal moisture of the sample test;
 Water permeability sample test;
 Monoaxial and triaxial tests.
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR HYDROGEOLOGY
The Department for hydrogeology employs experts for:
 Completing Basic Hydrogeological Maps BHM;

 Finding thermal, thermomineral and mineral waters, using geothermal energy in the aim of their
application for different purposes;
 Opening new and widening old existing groundwater springs for water provision of population;
 Estimating groundwater reserves, available quantities and their physical chemical characteristics;
 Regeneration and revitalization of water supply structures;
 Monitoring and optimization of work, quality control and groundwater spring protection;
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 Individual and local settlement water supply, as well as water supply for technological processes of
production;
 Irrigation and drainage of agricultural surfaces and defining their conditions and possibilities;
 Providing water industry bases;
 Drainage of mines and surface excavations;
 Providing hydrogeological bases for the construction of business and industry structures including
dams, general or detailed urbanistic plans and more.
The employees of the Sector for Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology have been tasked by the
corresponding Ministry in different committees that process specific professional problems. They are hired
according to need as professional personnel in different committees, specifically: the committee for
completing a rulebook about the classification and categorization of groundwater; the committee for
preparing a written recommendation of a rulebook for distinguishing different geothermal resources and
groundwater reserves; the committee for the verification of groundwater reserves, as reviewers or
committee members (sector for hydrogeology), or as committee members in the completion of a rulebook
for completing a Basic Engineering Geological Map in a scale of 1:100.000 (sector for geotechnics). The
sector also disposes with professionals for expert analyses for the needs of engineering geology and
hydrogeology who are hired by need in judicial practice when damage to structures must be confirmed or
proven due to the influence of varied factors. Their tasks also include providing expert analyses and
opinions when constructing hydrogeological structures, determining the quality of hydrogeological
structure construction as well as controlling the completion of contract obligations.
DEPARTMENT FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY incl GEOTECHNICS
Head of sector /Dobrica Damnjanovic, MSc in Geology/

e-mail: dobrica.damnjanović@gzs.gov.rs
Completion of the Basic Engineering Geological Map
The Basic Engineering Geological Map of the Republic of Serbia 1:100.000 (BEGM) has, as a goal, to create a
base for reviewing the total engineering geological conditions and terrain characteristics, for study analyses
and interpreting regional patterns of formation as well as further development of engineering geological
field conditions, or rather the disappearance and development of processes and presence of exogenic
appearances with determining the causes and prognoses of their further appearance and development,
along with the analysis of especially endangered areas, for the needs of further completion of specific maps
necessary for spatial planning and other forms of planning, using areas through intentional engineering
geological regionalization of the terrain, that is to say, the evaluation of the engineering geological
agreeability of the terrain for its different uses, as well as for the needs of projecting detailed engineering
geological investigations within the planned-projected project documentation.
During the current production of the BEGM, engineering geological classification of rocks given in the
existing Instructions from 1988 are being used. This engineering geological classification comes from
51
knowledge gathered until then through producing engineering geological maps abroad (before all by
Russian authors), and is based mostly on our experience through completing engineering geological maps
of regional scales. Applying the given engineering geological classification to the BEGM in practice from
1984, when work began on the BEGM according to the Instructions from 1984.
Cohesionless rocks are presented in gray colour. Well solidified rocks are marked as green, poorly solidified
rocks are marked as brown on the maps, and various shades of yellow is mark for non solidified rocks yet
with presented cohesion. For the cohesive soils, the most important property is strength of the rock and
strength of the cement. According to that classification, subgroup of the well solidified rocks contains all
rocks whose cement is durable in water and who have high strength – strength coeficient ft 500 referring
to the Protodjakon classification.
In the last several years, work has been underway to produce BEGM 1:100.000 sheets: Zagubica, Zajecar,
Ivanjica, Bela Palanka, Zvornik, Vrnjci, Boljevac and Aleksinac. The production of these BEGM sheets is
based on the existing Instructions, in which the engineering geological classification of rocks is provided.
This classification is based on the most important engineering geological characteristics of rock masses -
rock cohesiveness. According to this classification, all rocks of the BEGM are divided into only two
engineering geological groups – cohesive and incohesive rocks. These groups are presented on the BEGM
through two clearly distinct colors. Incohesive rocks are represented by the gray color.
An overview of work performed until now, as well as a plan for further work on the BEGM in the coming
period can be seen in figure.
Performance dynamic of work on the BEGM in a scale

of 1:100.000
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All of the completed BEGM sheets

contain, besides legends and profiles,
maps of a larger scale of 1:25.000 that
are handed in to the appropriate
Ministry, along with accompanying
themed maps – a regionalization map,
seismic and seismotectonic map,
hydrogeological map, map of terrain
regionalization according to stability,
civil engineering material and others.
Each sheet also has an Explanatory
Booklet with a detailed description of
each separate lithological member
and complex, their characteristics and
accompanying explanations.
Completion of geological bases for spatial planning
Completing geological bases for the requirements of spatial planning has, for its goal, a complex overview
and defining of all geological components necessary for the completion of a spatial plan, along with aspects
of usage, threats and protections of the space, as well as conditions and possibilities for using natural
resources (groundwater, mineral raw and geological civil engineering material).
The aspect of recording threats can be seen through: stability, erosivity, terrain seismicity, etc.
Environmental protection includes the analyses of all natural and technogenic components, as well as
protection measures. Based on that, maps of engineering geological terrain regionalization are performed,
in which terrain regionalization is performed according to engineering geological favorability (terrains of
engineering geologically favorable components, and terrains of unfavorable components).
Within the completion of an engineering geological base for municipal spatial plans, specific maps of
natural resources are also completed (hydrogeological maps and maps of mineral ore) as well as municipal
ecological maps.
In the last several years, engineering geological bases for spatial plans of the following municipalities have
been completed: Lucani, Vlasotince, Ljubovija, Backa Palanka; and engineering geological bases for the
municipalities of Krupanj and Bajina Basta are in progress (figure ).
53
Overview map of engineering geological

bases for spatial planning
Cadastre of landslides and unstable slopes on the territory of Serbia
The beginning of the project realization is connected to investigations on the territory of the Sumadija
county (territory of the Municipality of the city of Kragujevac). The mentioned territory has been chosen for
the beginning phase of investigation because this territory is diverse and complex in a geological,
engineering geological and hydrogeological sense, and represents a good test example. The results of the
first phase of investigations served to project the works in the following phases of investigation, and the
concept and methodology of investigation are in accordance with the newly obtained data.
Contemporary geological processes, primarily processes of instability and erosivity, represent large
problems for rational business and urbanistic planning and projecting. The problems studied according to
this project, are extremely complex and current, and as such have been considered through the spatial plan
of the Republic of Serbia, or rather through the evaluation of environmental elements for the needs of
54
business in the area of spatial and urbanistic planning, road and railroad traffic, electric supply, water
supply, agriculture and forestry, mining, environmental protection, civil protection, defense, etc.
The goal of project realization is: registering landslides (active, temporarily inactive and fossil) and unstable
slopes; evaluation of conditions and possible landslide process activation and defining landslide geometry
(surfaces and volume masses that are, or would be encompassed by a slide process); estimating possible
damage caused by activating landslide processes; determining priorities for detailed geological
investigations; projecting and undertaking preventive or remediation procedures; suggesting the
implementation of preventive measures that would reduce the danger of activating sliding processes to a
minimum; filling and filing the Geological Information System of Serbia – GeolISS with data about landslides
in the Republic of Serbia; providing monitoring and control of sliding processes. The final result of this
project is the production of a Map of sliding hazards, slips and other forms of instability and in that way
creating conditions for an estimation of the risk of these processes in order to manage risks within safe side.
During the past realized phases, engineering geological reconnaissance and mapping of the terrain was
performed on an area of approximately 6.000 km2, while the registering of landslides was performed on an
area of 900 km2. The data of the investigations from all phases have been processed and presented in view
of a Preliminary Engineering Geological Map with a scale of 1:300.000 as well as in form of cadastre sheets.
Approximately 6.500 cadastre units have been described.
The investigations performed in the previous several phases were directed towards the zone of “Adriatic
corridor – corridor 11”. The mentioned roadway represents a high priority construction undertaking in
Serbia. Registration of landslides and unstable slopes began from Konjevici, through Takovo to Ljig,
Lajkovac, Ub, to Obrenovac as well as registration of landslides that were activated in the month of May
2014 in municipalities that were affected the most by catastrophic precipitation.
The final phase of investigation was realized in the period of July-November 2016 in accordance with the
published Program of basic geological investigations for the mentioned year. The investigation concept was
directed towards registering landslides in the area of the municipality of Mionica. The mentioned
municipality was the subject of May precipitation in 2014, but was not covered by the BEWARE project.
BEWARE Project
The UNDP has carried out a project for enhancing the vitality and responsiveness to emergency situations
funded by the Government of Japan. One of the components of this project relates to aid provided to the
Republic of Serbia through harmonization of data about landslides, contribution towards the production
and filling of the database-cadastre of landslides in the country, as well as completing a digital map of
hazards and risks. The goals of this component of the project for enhancing the vitality and responsiveness
to emergency situations are the same as those of BEWARE. Seeing as the landslides are a complex
phenomenon, with divided jurisdiction of government organs and public institutions and businesses in the
Republic of Serbia, there is a need for data about landslides to be collected, processed and systematically
unified (harmonized), to be conformed to the requirements of the European Union, as well as made open
and searchable. Beside the mentioned, after the May floods of 2014, and the activation of a great many
landslides, as well as the evident problems that were met by municipalities in Serbia in the last year after
the mentioned events, the need for resolving the problem of landslides using a systematic method is
55
apparent. This is vital in order to approach adequate remediation measures in accordance with professional
and scientific requirements. Ultimately, the database of landslides, as well as the maps of hazards and risks
that should be the result of this project, would contribute specific changes and additions to spatial plans,
that is to say spatial and urbanistic planning in the Republic of Serbia, so as to avoid future problems with
the construction of infrastructural structures or individual residential structures in zones that contain an
evidently high hazard/risk of landslides, which was noted as the most significant problem following the
events of May 2014.
THE GOALS OF THE PROJECT have been defined as:
Fundamental contribution to the methodology of gathering, processing and filling-producing a database

about landslides through the harmonization and standardization of data – registering landslides in 27
target municipalities; producing a map of hazards and risks;
Strengthened government organs, primarily the Ministry of Mining and Energy and the Geological Survey of
Serbia, for regular monitoring of landslides in accordance with good practice and EU regulations;
BEWARE web portal that represents a platform for landslide reporting.
Strengthened both in expertise and materially – the technical capacities of 27 municipalities to regularly
monitor and register landslides within their territories, through which they are actively involved in the filling
of the national database about landslides (landslide cadastre).
56
PARTICIPANTS, PARTNERS AND USERS:
Participants of the BEWARE project, beside the Geological Survey of Serbia:

 Mining-geological Faculty, University in Belgrade employees/associates (8 participants).
 Responsible individuals (two from each municipality) from the Offices for cooperation with public
(picked by the heads of the municipalities) are direct partners.
 Users are represented by the local authorities and Offices for cooperation with public (target group),
the appropriate government services (including project participants), insurance and evaluation
agencies, public establishments that deal with maintaining and building roads, non government
organizations, media and the public (final users).
Interpreter for the 1:200,000 engineering geological map of Serbia for the territory of
Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
The Engineering Geological Map of Serbia for the territory of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in a scale
of 1:200.000 has been completed as an addition to the previously completed map and Explanatory Booklet
for the “Engineering geological map of Serbia (without provinces) in a scale of 1:200.000”, M. Lazic, 1991.
The performed investigations – primarily the processing of data from existing documentation,
engineering geological reconnaissance and reambulation of the terrain were performed in six (6) phases.
The presentation of engineering geological data for the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
was provided based on analyses of numerous documentation: geological, hydrogeological,
geomorphological, tectonic, seismic and of course, geotechnical. The problems that appeared during
documentation processing came down primarily to the adequate presentation of lithogenetic complexes.
Through documentation processing, contradictory presentations of geological structure in different
documentation were recognized (considering 22 sheets of the Basic Geological Map with a scale of
1:100.000, Geological Map of the Republic of Serbia with a scale of 1:300.000, Morphological Map of
Vojvodina 1:200.000 and Engineering Geological Map of Serbia 1:300.000).
Engineering geological map of Vojvodina

1:200.000 (I. Vukadinovic).
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DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY
Head of Department Goran MARINKOVIC PhD in Geology

e-mail: goran.marinkovic@gzs.gov.rs
In the Geological Survey of Serbia (GZS-GSS), the Department of Hydrogeology belongs to the Sector for
Engineering Geology including Geotechnics and Hydrogeology. Hydrogeological investigations are
performed according to the Annual Program of basic geological investigations, that is to say, according to
the Longterm Program for the development of basic geological investigations. During the period between
the forming of GSS, from 2013 to today, the projects of the department were financed almost exclusively
according to budget. The department numbers 16 full-time employees + 1 employee who is hired on part-
time bases. To be more precise, the projects of basic hydrogeological investigations employ 14 engineers (3
PhD, 3 MSc and 8 BSc) and 4 geological technicians.
From the formation of GZS-GSS, the Department of hydrogeology has worked on problems that solve and
cover varied problems, which can be divided according to priority into several topic groups:
 Completing the BHGM of the Republic of Serbia, scale 1:100.000P;
 Producing a Rulebook for the completion of the BHGM of RS, scale 1:100.000;
 Integration of hydrogeological data into GeolISS;
 Study investigations of hydrogeothermal and hydrogeological potentiality, and vulnerability of
aquifer environments;
 Completing a Hydrochemical atlas of groundwater in the Republic of Serbia;
 Producing hydrogeological bases within the project „Geological bases for spatial planning“.
Completing the BHGM of the Republic of Serbia, scale 1:100.000
The Basic Hydrogeological Map of RS, scale 1:100.0000, is produced according to the Instructions for
completing the BHGM of SFRJ from 1988. The methodology of work that is foreseen within these
Instructions, and in its entirety requires substantial financial means, has been adapted to real possibilities,
in a way that does not diminish the content of the map and interpreter in view of their practical use for
different needs.
While working on these projects, for the processing and interpretation of results on maps and in the
interpreter, computer applications were used as much as possible (GIS, AutoCad, Word, Excel and others).
In that way, we are attempting to achieve interactive, computer processed maps, with the possibility of
their users changing the scale, as well as being able to process the data in different ways and adapt the
uses/needs.
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For field investigations, the department for hydrogeology is equipped with standard technical equipment
(devices, instruments): water level meters, liquid flow meters, thermometers, pH meters, data loggers,
hydrometric wings and field laboratories that measure pH, Eh, t, O2, NO3 and NO2.
Field laboratory, water level meters,

thermometers and data loggers
Measuring water flow using hydrometric wing and other flow measurement devices and reading field
laboratory physical-chemical parameters of groundwater
The Basic Hydrogeological Map of the Republic of Serbia is divided into 81 sheets (maps) with a scale of
1:100.000, whose sheet surface varies between 6 km2 and 1.620 km2. In the period before the forming of
GSS, the following sheets and interpreters were completed: Vrsac (no interpreter, 1965), Obrenovac (M.
Markovic, 1994), Pozarevac (M. Markovic, 1996), Belgrade (M. Markovic, 2005), Pancevo (S. Petrovic, 2008)
and Novi Pazar (G. Marinkovic, 2011).
In the period between 2013 and 2017, the following sheets and Explanatory Booklets were completed:
Sabac (D. Kostic, 2013); Pirot (M. Mandic and T. Petrovic Pantic, 2014); Smederevo (T. Petrovic Pantic and
M. Mandic 2015); Lapovo (S. Petrovic, 2015); Bijeljina (Z. Veljkovic and M. Tomic, 2015) and Nis (map: G.
Marinkovic and Z. Popovic; interpreter: G. Marinkovic, 2016); the sheets in the final stage of completion
are: Kragujevac (Z. Popovic and Lj. Popovic), Bela Palanka (B. Miladinovic) and Paracin (M. Mandic and Z.
Popovic); and the sheets currently actively being worked on: Novi Sad (T. Petrovic Pantic and K. Dragutin)
and Kursumlija (D. Mihajlovic and S. Radulovic).
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With the 15 sheets that will be completed by the end of this year, and the 2 sheets still under production,
and whose finalization can be expected by the end of 2019, it is expected that by the end of 2020, more
than 20% of the sheets of th BHGM of RS, scale 1:100.000 is completed, printed and available to potential
users.
Regardless of the fact that since the forming of GSS to today, the number of completed sheets has
considerably increased, the department is working on the acceleration of their completion, in the aim of
reaching a time of production that will allow one full sheet to be complete in 3-4 years.
BHGM Of Obrenovac (printed) and Novi Pazar (prepared for print)
The possibilities of accelerated BHGM sheet production are due to the following factors: developed work
methodology, especially an increased presence of method analogy, more than 800 reports about
groundwater reserves available along with results of the Republic Hydrometeorological Survey about
regime observations of surface and groundwater, greater and still increasing training and expertise of
hydrogeologists, the completion of the Rulebook for the production of the BHGM of RS with a scale of
1:100,000, and a substantial level of processed material for new sheets with the finalization of study
investigations (Preliminary BHGM of RS, scale 1:100.000 (will be completed by the end of 2017) with a
formed base from the entire available fund of material and other sources, “Alternative groundwater springs
for water supply in RS” (to be completed 2018) which will register and process more than 1000 springs
within the territory of RS, and other investigations.
It is clear that such ambitious work of the department relies heavily on the available financial and technical
means, the acceptance and qualify and capacitate new personnel and other objective reasons.
Completion on the Rulebook for the production of the BHGM of RS
The rulebook for the completion of the BHGM of RS, scale 1:100.000, whose implementation is foreseen
from 2019, will not be decreeing an especially new way of producing the BHGM, but should represent a
modified, more contemporary version of the current Instructions from 1988. It will contain methods
developed through practice of the all previous office and field work regarding the production of the BHGM
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and a defined application of computer programs through the entire process of producing the BHGM. Also,
the Rulebook needs to be in accordance with new legal legislature, and, as muuch as possible, with the
newest recommended standards about completing hydrogeological maps in the EU. The problems that
have been discovered through working according to the existing Instructions, should be removed, and these
refer to, primarily, the clarification and equalizing of terminology used for the content of the Explanatory
Booklet, the method used for the calculation of reserves and removal of comprehensive and financially
demanding investigations.
Integration of hydrogeological data into GeolISS
The geological information system of Serbia (GeolISS) represents a foundation for storing geological data in
digital for, simpler manipulation of data, easier overview of existing data (Ministry of Mining and Energy:
http://geoliss.mre.gov.rs/. In these specific areas, the Department of hydrogeology is actively working on
two studies, that do not purport entering data into GeolISS, but rather just preparing the data and
porcessing it in the appropriate program formats for entry into a unique database.
The study “Preliminary BHGM of RS, scale 1:100.000”, which is being completed this year, requires the
digitalization of all of the unfinished BHGM sheets, prelimenary hydrogeological categorization of
lithostratigraphic units and presenting the water appearances and objects (wells) from more than 800
reports about reserves, fund documentation and other sources, as well as all of the Republic
Hydrometeorological Survey stations (meteorological, hydrological, hydrogeological). In this way, an
interactive BHGM is achieved with completely computer processed sheets and the possibility to view the
degree of investigations completed and with it their faster completion.
This year, the study “Gathering, filing and updating the database of geothermal resources of RS” (Z.
Veljkovic) has begun. Its end is planned for the end of the year 2018, and currently updating and filling the
base with parameters of geothermal resources. The base is implemented and modified using program
package ArcMAP which enables the production of the required maps.
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Completed and computer preliminarily

processed sheets of the BHGM of RS,
scale 1:100.000 (in work Z. Veljkovic
and S. Petrovic 2016)
Study investigations of hydrogeothermal potentiality
In this topic area, the study hydrogeological investigations were performed between 2010 and 2017, and
presented in the study “Hydrogeothermal potentiality of volcanogene complex of Rogozna and Kopaonik”
(G. Marinkovic, 2014); with the same developed methodology, investigations were continued in 2015, and
the achieved results will be presented by the end of year 2017 in the study “Hydrogeothermal potentiality
of the volcanogene area of Golija” (G. Marinkovic, 2017).
The problems solved with these investigations are related to defining the hydrogeological structure of
(volcanogene) thermal waters, their spatial connections with regional tectonic and other geological
structures, also the defining of the quantity, quality and energy potential of thermal waters and the
possibility of finding new quantities. With that aim in mind, lithostratigraphic units and water permeable
break zones in which thermal waters are accumulated have been separated from lithostratigraphic units
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with the function of heat isolators and from those who are the main conductive bringers of heat (granitoid
intrusives, vulcanite).
Structural – tectonic map of volcanogene

complexes Rogozna and Kopaonik
(N. Stanic)
The studies contain complete geological, hydrogeological and structural – tectonic maps with a scale of
1:100.000, hydrogeological profiles and maps of narrower thermal water spring areas, scale 1:25.000 as
well as results of laboratory and field chemical analyses of thermal waters.
Analysis of the gas content in the field

in thermal water at the Jelenje –
Kopaonik location
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Study investigations of hydrogeological potentiality
Investigations of hydrogeological potential have been performed through study investigations within the
territory of Serbia (with a scale of 1:500.000), Vojvodina and the Deliblato Sands.
In mid 2015, after the natural disasters that hit Serbia, a study of alternative groundwater springs was
performed for public water supply in RS (G. Marinkovic, 2015). At that time, the BHGM of RS, scale
1:500.000 was completed, in which more than 400 active and more than 300 alternative groundwater
springs are presented. However, the study had to be completed within a short time, which is why only
approximately 30-40% of all of the springs within the territory of Serbia were processed.
BHGM of RS, scale 1:500,000 (G. Marinkovic, 2015)
It has been noted that the presentation of springs (active and the locations of alternative) cover the
territory of Serbia highly irregularly. From the given reasons, these study investigations were continued in
practice, with the goal of registering and presenting more than 100 active springs and to attain an equal
coverage of the territory of Serbia regarding alternative springs.
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Overview map of Serbia with locations of springs for which

reserve groundwater was defended
(B. Miladinovic and M. Mandic, 2016)
After multiannual study investigations of Deliblato Sands, in 2014 the study of “Complex geological
investigations of fossil river valleys in loess and loessoid sediments of Deliblato Sands as the key natural
water supply of groundwater” (Z. Popovic) was completed. The study considered the possibilities of artificial
aquifer feeding, based on geophysical testing, paleorelief analysis and hydrogeological, hydrodynamic and
other investigations.
Hydrogeological Map of the Deliblato Sands area

(Z. Popovic)
65
By the end of 2014, multiannual study investigations of the hydrogeological potentiality of spa waters was
completed, and the obtained results are presented in the study “Medicinal waters of Vojvodina as a
potential development of spa tourism”, and then in the monograph: Hydrogeological characteristics of
Backa with aspects of intake and use of medicinal water (M. Tomic and M. Lazic, 2017).
Study investigations of the vulnerability of aquifer environments
The study investigations that treated the problem of the vulnerability of aquifer environments were
performed in the area of the Kolubara – Tamnava basin, in northern Backa, and in protected natural goods
(Golija and the Sicevac gorge)
By the end of 2013, the study “Conditions for the protection of aquifer horizons within neogene sediments
of the Kolubara and Tamnava basin” was completed. The study regarded the problem of pollution and
protection of aquifer horizons from anthropogenic impact (surface flow, mining works).
Hydrogeological map of the

Kolubara – Tamnava basin
with oleates of groundwater
chemical composition (Lj. Popovic)
The same year, investigations were completed that dealt with the vulnerability of the first aquifer in the
Vojvodina area, from the aspect of the impact of climate change. The obtained results are presented in the
study “Impact of climate factors and surface water on the regime of groundwater of the first aquifer of
northern Backa – Telecka plateau and Subotica sands” (M. Tomic, 2013)
Hydrogeological investigations in the area of protected natural goods “Sicevac gorge” were performed for
the completion of a Sicevac gorge nature park groundwater vulnerability map. For this reason the “aquifer”
66
method was used, which requires the completion of geological, hydrogeological, pedological and
topographic maps of the given area. The same investigations were performed in the previous years in the
areas of national parks and other protected areas in Serbia.
This year, study investigations have begun in the area of Posavina, with a goal to estimate the impact of
climate change on groundwater of the first aquifer (M. Tomic).
Hydrochemical atlas of groundwater in Serbia
After years of work (2010-2014), the project of completing a Hydrochemical Atlas of groundwater in RS was
frozen. Altogether some fifteen chemical analyses were performed, on more than 70 parameters. However,
seeing as the GZS-GSS laboratory, and other laboratories that were consulted, were not capable of
performing all of the requested chemical composition components (gas content, etc.), we found it prudent
to wait for the GZS-GSS laboratory to obtain new, contemporary instruments. We expect the Atlas to be
pruduced with reference results and all of the required components, for groundwater used in water supply,
for mineral waters and those used for bottling and commercial purposes.
Hydrogeological investigations of highly mineralized water in Banat
Study investigations in Banat, Vojvodina, were commenced several times with breaks between 2012 and
2015 (D. Mihajlovic). During these investigations, within the shallow and deeply drilled wells, analyses of
groundwater quality were performed and measurements of water conductivity according to specific
density, adapted to the scale of investigation, and with the aim of contouring aquifers of subject waters.
Hydrogeological map of Banat, scale 1:300.000
67
Special attention was given to highly mineralized, so-called “bitter” waters. Due to the inability to contour
the deposits of these water in shallow wells, as well as perform chemical analyses with all of the required
components of chemical composition in the GSS laboratory, these study investigations are currently on
hold.
Explanatory Booklet for the engineering geological map of Serbia

with a scale of 1:200.000 for the territory of Vojvodina
For the needs of producing an Explanatory Booklet for the Engineering Geological Map of Serbia with a
scale of 1:200,000 for the territory of Atonomus Province of Vojvodina. During 2015, a hydrogeological map
of the territory of Atonomus Province of Vojvodina (scale of 1:200.000), with a textual presentation of the
hydrogeological and geoecological characteristics of the given area is provided. The obtained results of
these investigations are located in the Explanatory Booklet for the Engineering Geological Map of Serbia
with a scale of 1:200,000 for the territory of Atonomus Province of Vojvodina.
hydrogeological map
of the territory of
Atonomus Province of
Vojvodina
(scale of 1:200.000)
(Lj. Popovic)
68
Completing hydrogeological bases within the project

“Geological bases for the spatial planning of municipalities”
Hydrogeological Map of the Municipality of Vlasotince (B. Miladinovic)
In the period between 2013 and 2016, in the Department of Hydrogeology, hydrogeological bases were
completed for the municipalities of Lucane, Vlasotince (B. Miladinovic), Uzice (D. Kostic) and Backa Palanka
(M. Tomic), by the end of 2017, the base for the municipality of Bajina Basta (S. Radulovic) will be complete,
as will the base for Krupanj (K. Samolov) by the end of 2018.
69
LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR FOR GEOTECHNICS AND HYDROGEOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF GEOTECHNICS
Dobrica Damjanovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: dobrica.dam@gzs.gov.rs

Sasa Todorovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: sasa.todorovic@gzs.gov.rs
Jasmina Micevic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: jasmina.micevic@gzs.gov.rs
Trbojevic Djordje, MSc in Geology E-mail: djordje.trbojevic@gzs.gov.rs
Vukadinovic Isidora, MSc in Geology, E-mail: i.vukadinovic@gzs.gov.rs
Djokanovic Sonja MSc in Geology, E-mail: sonja.djokanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Ivanovic Zeljko MSc in Geology, E-mail: zeljko.ivanovic@gzs.gov.rs
Petrovic Vesna, MSc in Geology, E-mail: vesna.petrovic@gzs.gov.rs
Dukic Snezana, Geological technician, E-mail: snezana.dukic@gzs.gov.rs
Savic Julijana, Geological technician, E-mail: julijana.savic@gzs.gov.rs
Savic Snezana, Geological technician, E-mail: snezana.savic@gzs.gov.rs
Mihajlovic Marija, Architectural technician, E-mail: marija.mihajlovic@gzs.gov.rs
Culafic Svetlan, Geological technician, E-mail: svetlana.culafic@gzs.gov.rs
Erakovic Jelena, Geological technician, E-mail: jelena.erakovic@gzs.gov.rs
DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY
Goran Marinkovic, PhD in Geology, E-mail: goran.marinkovic@gzs.gov.rs

Mihajlo Mandic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: mihajlo.mandic@gzs.gov.rs
Zoran Popovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: zoran.popovic@gzs.gov.rs
Branko Miladinovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: branko.miladinovic@gzs.gov.rs
Tanja Petrovic Pantic, PhD in Geology, E-mail: tanja.petrovic@gzs.gov.rs
Ljiljana Popovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: ljiljana.popovic@gzs.gov.rs
Dragutin Kostic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: dragutin.kostic@gzs.gov.rs
Sasa Petrovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: sasa.petrovic@gzs.gov.rs
Slavica Radulovi, MSc in Geology, E-mail: slavica.radulovic@gzs.gov.rs
Pavicevic Miodrag, MSc in Geology, E-mail: miodrag.pavicevic@gzs.gov.rs
Milan Tomic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: milan.tomic@gzs.gov.rs
Zarko Veljkovic, MSc in Geology, E-mail: zarko.veljkovic@gzs.gov.rs
Katarina Samolov, MSc in Geology, E-mail: katarina.samolov@gzs.gov.rs
Dvorski Jovan, Geological technician, E-mail: jovan.dvorski@gzs.gov.rs
Djordjevic Slobodanka, Geological technician, E-mail: slobodanka.djordjevic@gzs.gov.rs
Misic Slavka, Geological technician, E-mail: slavka.misic@gzs.gov.rs
Hadzic Ferida, Machine technician, E-mail: ferida.hadzic@gzs.gov.rs
70

Yearbook

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Yearbook

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РЕПУБЛИКА СРБИЈА REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

ГЕОЛОШКИ ЗАВОД СРБИЈЕ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SERBIA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SERBIA - IT'S WORK TODAY

Cooperation of the Geological survey of Serbia and EuroGeoSurveys (EGS)......................................................................................................... 6

Protocol Antonione and the Geological survey of Serbia ....................................................................................................................................... 7

SECTOR FOR GENERAL GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Geological map of Serbia 1:50.000, sheet Backa Palanka 4 .................................................................................................................................. 10

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Aleksinac 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 12

Geological map of Serbia, sheet Zvornik 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 13

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Uzice 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 14

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Lapovo 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 16

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Krusevac 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 18

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheets Prijepolje 3 and 4 .............................................................................................................................. 19

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, sheet Kriva Palanka 4 ................................................................................................................................. 20

Geological map of Serbia, 1:50.000, Sheet Bor 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 21

Geoheritage and geodiversity of Serbia for the Pirot sheet .................................................................................................................................. 23

Geochemical map of the Republic of Serbia 1:500.000 ........................................................................................................................................ 28

LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR FOR GENERAL GEOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 30

SECTOR FOR INVESTIGATING MINERAL ORE DEPOSITS....................................................................................................................................... 31

DEPARTMENT FOR METALLIC MINERAL ORE .................................................................................................................................................... 33

Geological-metalogene studies of areas of road construction in the Republic of Serbia;..................................................................................... 35

Basic geological investigations of alluvial gold deposits in Serbia; ...................................................................................................................... 36

DEPARTMENT FOR NONMETALLIC MINERAL ORE ............................................................................................................................................ 37

Study: Grading the potentiality of decorative rock in Serbia, .............................................................................................................................. 38

GROUP FOR ENERGY MINERAL ORE ................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Basic geological investigations of coal in the Sokobanja basin, .......................................................................................................................... 40

GROUP FOR GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 40

Instructions for a metalogenetic map, ................................................................................................................................................................. 42

Completion of metalogenetic mp sheet Prijepolje 2, 1:50.000, ........................................................................................................................... 42

Geological characteristics and potentials of the Knic municipality, .................................................................................................................... 42

Mineragenetic characteristics and potentiality of neogene basins in Serbia, ....................................................................................................... 43

INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 44

Project: Tibesti – South of Libya ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44

CHEMICAL LABORATORY AND SAMPLE PREPARATION DEPARTMENT .......................................................................................................... 47

SECTOR OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY............................................................................................................................. 48

BASIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 49

BASIC ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR HYDROGEOLOGY .....................................................................................................................50

DEPARTMENT FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY incl GEOTECHNICS .................................................................................................................... 51

Completion of the Basic Engineering Geological Map .......................................................................................................................................... 51

Completion of geological bases for spatial planning............................................................................................................................................. 53

Cadastre of landslides and unstable slopes on the territory of Serbia ..................................................................................................................54

THE GOALS OF THE PROJECT have been defined as: ..........................................................................................................................................56

PARTICIPANTS, PARTNERS AND USERS: ........................................................................................................................................................... 57

DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................................58

Completing the BHGM of the Republic of Serbia, scale 1:100.000 ........................................................................................................................58

Completion on the Rulebook for the production of the BHGM of RS .................................................................................................................. 60

Integration of hydrogeological data into GeolISS................................................................................................................................................. 61

Study investigations of hydrogeothermal potentiality ....................................................................................................................................... 62

Study investigations of hydrogeological potentiality .......................................................................................................................................... 64

Study investigations of the vulnerability of aquifer environments ...................................................................................................................... 66

Hydrochemical atlas of groundwater in Serbia ..................................................................................................................................................... 67

Hydrogeological investigations of highly mineralized water in Banat ................................................................................................................. 67

Explanatory Booklet for the engineering geological map of Serbia .................................................................................................................... 68

with a scale of 1:200.000 for the territory of Vojvodina ....................................................................................................................................... 68

Completing hydrogeological bases within the project ......................................................................................................................................... 69

“Geological bases for the spatial planning of municipalities” .............................................................................................................................. 69

LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR FOR GEOTECHNICS AND HYDROGEOLOGY ......................................................................................... 70

DEPARTMENT OF GEOTECHNICS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 70

DEPARTMENT OF HYDROGEOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................................... 70

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

The building of Geoinstitut for nuclear ore, built in 1948,

Until now, the following has been achieved:

Cooperation of the Geological survey of Serbia and EuroGeoSurveys (EGS)

Cooperation of the Geological Survey of Serbia with institutions