Microcontroller Based Electronic Code Locking

System With Alarm

Abstract — Security is very necessary part of human life
whose need increase day to day
The need for strict security measures has been necessary since
the beginning of time. Access to certain places and items need strict
restrictions to only the privileged few. This restricted zone can vary
from strong holds and safes in financial institutions to doors
leading to restricted areas. The various innovations in security
access system include; code based lock, keycard lock, thumb print
scan, retina scan. They come in handy in security systems. Code
based locking system is best suited in most applications because of
its simplicity and reliability. Since the code based locking system is
always resident in the area to be protected, there are fewer chances
of security breaches unlike the keycard lock system in which the
access card can fall into unauthorized hands. In code locking
system the lock can be open if the entered password is correct and
match to the password which is already stored in the internal
memory. It also consists of a LCD display which is used to interface
with the project to output lock status. This project can be used in
lockers, offices, doors of the houses and anywhere were security is
needed.
The need for strict security measures is necessary from the beginning of
time.
Keywords — Microcontroller, Keypad, Buzzer, Display, Software,
Hardware
I. INTRODUCTION
Security represents protection of our life and assets.
Ensuring safety of peoples and their valuable things is very
important for the prevention of illegal handling. Hence,
mainly focusing on door lock security or gate security is very
important to avoid the further problems in monitored area.
Even with the use of mechanical locks, the crime, robberies
get happened due to the fact that such locks were easily
broken. So, there is a need to invent other kind of locks which
cannot be easily broken. So, many authors present different
kinds of digital door locks, automatic password based door
locks, software based door locks etc. which have been widely
used in houses and offices. The prevention of unauthorized
entry into buildings through the main doors is done by using
ordinary, electronically operated locks, digital codes and
biometrics technique like the finger print technology or some
are based on thumb printing only. Nowadays, advanced
automatic door security systems are available with the use of
palmtop recognition systems face recognition systems, face
detection systems, wireless sensors, PIR sensors, RFID
techniques, smart cameras and many more that helps people to
make their home or organizations secure from long distance.
Hence, people need not to be worry about the home security
though they are away from home. Doors are to keep people
out. They are being made of metals not simply wood any
longer. So, demand is to audit the authenticity of currently
available systems and need is to research for the creation of
more reliable and good systems which operate smartly with no
more efforts. The important thing is to provide higher security.
II. PROJECT MODEL
Security is a prime concern in our day-today life.
Everyone wants to be as much secure as possible. An access
control for doors forms a vital page link in a security chain.
Personal Safes are revolutionary locking storage [1] cases that
open with just the touch of your finger. These products are
designed as secure storage for medications, jewelry, weapons,
documents, and other valuable or potentially harmful items.
These utilize fingerprint recognition technology to allow
access to only those whose fingerprints you choose. The
programmable electronic code lock device is programmed in
such a way that it will operates only with the correct entry of
predefined digits. It is also called an integrated combinational
type lock.
Lock the doors manually using some lockers and keep the
key for that locker securely. The microcontroller based Door
locker is an access control system that allows only authorized
persons to access a restricted area. The password is stored in
the EPROM so that we can change it at any time [2]. The
system has a Keypad by which the password can be entered
through it. When the entered password equals with the
password stored in the memory then the relay gets on and so
that the door is opened.
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

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The microcontroller based door lock system is an access
control system that allows only authorized person to access a
restricted area. The system is controlled by an 8 bit
microcontroller which has 8k bytes of In System
Programmable (ISP) flash memory with 256k internal RAM.
This system has a keypad through which we can enter the
password. The entered password is crosschecked with the
password stored inside the microcontroller and if it is
matching then the entry of the person is allowed or else it is
denied [3].
A. Microcontroller – AT89S52:
This is the heart of our project. The main job of this
microcontroller is to:
 Read the input data from keypad.
 Sending this data to LCD so that the operating person
can see it.
 Sensing the password from the keypad and to check
the entered password is correct or wrong.
Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful micro controller, which
provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications.
B. LCD:
We are using 16×2 alphanumeric Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) which means it can display Alphabets in 2 rows each
displaying 16 characters.
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C. Buzzer:
Here we are using buzzer to indicate wrong password is
entered. The buzzer works on the principle of inverse piezo
electric effect.
D. Keypad:
This keypad is used to enter the password by the user. It
has numbers from 0 to 9 and characters “*”, “#”.
E. Motor Drivers:
The Actuator's are those devices which actually gives the
movement or to do a task like motor's. In the real world there
are various types of motors available which works on different
voltages. So we need motor driver for running them through
the controller. To get interface between motor and
microcontroller we use L293D motor driver IC in our circuit.
The Device is a monolithic integrated high volt- age, high
current four channel driver designed to accept standard DTL
or TTL logic levels and drive inductive loads (such as relays
solenoids, DC and stepping motors) and switching power
transistors. To simplify use as two bridges each pair of
channels is equipped with an enable input. A separate supply
input is provided for the logic, allowing operation at a lower
voltage and internal clamp di- odes are included. This device
is suitable for use in switching applications at frequencies up
to 5 kHz. The L293D is assembled in a 16 lead plastic package
which has 4 centre pins connected together and used for heat
sinking The L293DD is assembled in a 20 lead surface mount
which has 8 centre pins connected together and used for heat
sinking.
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 IV. CIRCUIT AND PCB LAYOUT: D. Circuit description:
The total functioning of the ―CODE LOCK SYSTEM‖
is based on the software program which is burn inside the
microcontroller IC 8051.
The AT89C51 IC is heart of the given circuitry because
this IC is programmable 40pin dip IC in which we burn the
program in ROM. This IC has a 32 I/O lines through which we
take the output pin no 9 is used for reset the microcontroller
and make it in a initial condition pin no 31 is enable pin, It
required low pulse for activating the microcontroller depends
on the crystal connected to the xtal1 & xtal2. Pin no 18&19 is
used for providing the vcc of +5v pin 20 is grounded.
The operating frequency of the controller is set by the
external oscillator of crystal oscillator of crystal having
frequency of 12MHZ. Capacitor having 33pF in parallel
connection with ground is for the proper undammed
frequency. Reset for the controller is normally ground and
10uf 10v electrolytic capacitor is also connected on reset for
the slowly on and off to the controller during the supply is
turning on and off. The keypad used to give input signal is
been interfaced with the microcontroller are port0 (p0.1- p0.7).
A. Hardware components required: The controller fetches the hex code according to the
 AT89S52 controller instruction. The LCD is used for display device it is a 16 slots
device usually used to show output status from the
 4×3 keypad
microcontroller. The output signal which be fetched by relay
 8051 programming Board status followed by on/off status of electronic lock.
 Programming Cable V. RESULT

 Dc motor  When it is entered a 4 digit password by the user it

will display on LCD as ―****‖. Therefore anyone
 16×2 LCD else can’t see what the user enters.
 Capacitors  If it is the correct password, LCD displaying a
message ―Well come‖ and the door will be opened.
 Resistors after 1minuts time door is locked automatically.
 Transistors  If it is entered password incorrectly LCD displaying
―password error‖
 Connecting wires  If it is a wrong password user received another 2
 Voltage regulator attempts to enter the correct one. If he couldn’t enter
password correctly by these attempts he have to wait
B. Software tools: 3 minutes time more to re logged in to the system.
 Keil software
Simulation of project is performed on PROTEUS and the
code was written Kiel software. Code for the microcontroller
to run DC motors using the HBridge IC (L293D) is written. In
C. Principle behind the circuit: the simulation the relevant data to the Microcontroller is send
1) The main component in the circuit is the through keypad. The Microcontroller processed the data and
microcontroller. sent the information to the Actuator IC (L293D). The Actuator
2) In this we use 4x3 keypad to enter the password. IC upon receiving information showed response by driving the
3) The entered password is compared with the predefined DC motors.
password.
4) When the password entered is correct then the door VI. CONCLUSION
opens with the help of the DC motor.
The work was done successfully. It is evidence that the use
5) When the password entered is wrong the door remains
of keypad with the right circuitry can be used to operate a
closed displaying as “wrong password”. security system. These systems have the ability to accesses a

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secure place (house, ATM, industries, office etc.). A password
based recognition system can easily perform variation. In
variation the system compare an input password to the
enrolled password of a specific user to determine, if they are
form the same password.
References
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[1] Diarah Ruben Samuel, “Microcontroller Based Code Locking System
With Alarm”, volume 9, Jan 2014, www.iosrjournals.org .
[2] Aarfin Ashraf, Deepak Rasaily, Anita Dahal, “Password Protected Lock
System Designed using Microcntroller”, Volume 32 Number 4- February
2016.
[3] “Password Based Door Locking System using 8051 Microcontroller”,
22 August 2017, www.electronicshub.org
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