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pointing away.

Photodiodes, which generate energy from light (basically, tiny solar cells), flip the
arrows around and point them toward the diode.

Other special types of diodes, like Schottky’s or zeners, have their own symbols, with slight
variations on the bar part of the symbol.

Transistors

Transistors, whether they’re BJTs or MOSFETs, can exist in two configurations: positively doped, or
negatively doped. So for each of these types of transistor, there are at least two ways to draw it.

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)

BJTs are three-terminal devices; they have a collector (C), emitter (E), and a base (B). There are
two types of BJTs – NPNs and PNPs – and each has its own unique symbol.

The collector (C) and emitter (E) pins are both in-line with each other, but the emitter should always
have an arrow on it. If the arrow is pointing inward, it’s a PNP, and, if the arrow is pointing outward,
it’s an NPN. A mnemonic for remembering which is which is “NPN: not pointing in.”

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