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TECHNOLOGY
Brewing & Malting
Chapter 11 co-written by
Dr. H.-J. Manger
Published by
Wolfgang Kunze
Technology Brewing and Malting
Translated by Sue Pratt, Berlin
Edited by Olaf Hendel, VLB Berlin
5th revised English edition, 2014
ISBN 978-3-921690-77-2
© VLB Berlin, Germany
All rights reserved by the Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB),
Seestrasse 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany, brewmaster@vlb-berlin.org, www.vlb-berlin.org,
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproducedin any form – by photocopy, scanning
or any other means – without written permission from the publishers.
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to beconsidered unprotected by law.
1 experienced glance
Harald Biewer
Master brewer
0,0 compromise
Combining the best raw materials and the dedication of our brew
masters results in the high quality of Bitburger Premium Beer,
Germany‘s # 1 selling draft beer.
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10.2 Boiler plants ................................... 832 10.5 Pumps, fans and compressors ......... 865
10.2.1 Fuels ............................................... 832 10.5.1 Pumps ........................................... 865
10.2.2 Steam ............................................. 833 - Centrifugal pumps ........................ 865
- Heat of evaporation ..................... 833 - Positive displacement pumps ........ 868
- Wet steam.................................... 834 - Selection of pump size ................. 873
- Superheated steam ...................... 835 - Control of the pump
- Hot water ..................................... 835 rotation speed ...............................874
10.2.3 Boilers ............................................ 835 - Lubricative ring seal .......................874
- Classification of boilers ................. 835 10.5.2 Fans ................................................ 875
- Types of boiler structurs ............... 836 - Axial fans or ventilators ................ 875
- Three pass boilers ......................... 836 - Radial fans.................................... 875
- Energy recovery and improve- 10.5.3 Compressed air plants .................... 875
ment of efficiency......................... 838 - Compressors ................................ 877
10.2.4 Steam engines ................................ 839 - Air driers ...................................... 880
10.2.5 Combined heat and - Pressure containers.......................882
power plants (CHP)......................... 840 - Pressure piping network ............... 882
- Air filters ...................................... 882
10.3 Refrigeration plants ........................ 841
10.3.1 Refrigerants and cooling agents...... 842 10.6 The global demand for energy
- Refrigerants .................................. 842 is increasing .................................... 883
- Cooling agents ............................. 843
- Operating principle of 11 Automation and plant planning ...... 887
refrigeration ................................. 843 11.1. Indications concerning the use
10.3.2 Compression refrigeration plants .... 847 of measurement, control and
- Operating principle ....................... 847 regulation technology..................... 887
- Evaporators ................................. 849 11.1.1 General indications .........................887
- Compressors ................................ 850 11.1.2 Requirements concerning the
- Condensers (liquefiers) ..................851 measurement uncertainty of the
- Control valves ............................... 853 measuring technology used ............ 887
- Ice water storage unit......................853 11.1.3 Requirements of the place of
10.3.3 Absorption cooling machines..........854 installation and the cleaning/
10.3.4 Space and liquid cooling ................. 855 disinfection of sensors ....................888
- Cooling of conventional 11.1.4 Operational and equipment
fermentation and lager cellars ...... 855 security requirements .....................890
- Modern cooling plants ................. 856 11.1.5 Maintenance ..................................890
- Cooling of liquids ......................... 858 11.1.6 Requirements of automatic controls ..891
10.3.5 Advice for economic operation
of cooling plants ............................. 859 11.2 Plant planning ................................894
11.2.1 Introduction ...................................894
10.4 Electrical equipment ....................... 860 - General remarks concerning
10.4.1 Supply of electrical energy .............. 860 plant planning .............................. 894
10.4.2 Power factor cos φ ......................... 861 - General remarks on the process
10.4.3 Transforming the electric current .... 863 of plant planning .......................... 894
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