ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

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PRACTICE
TEST 1

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 ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

SECTION I
LISTENING COMPERHENSION

In this ofthe test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks
in English. There are three parts to this section. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied
by the speakers you hear. Do not take notes or write in your test book at any time. Do not turn the pages until
you are told to do so.

Part A
Directions: in part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After eaoh conversation, you will
hear a question about the conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the
four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number ofthe question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter ofthe answer you have chosen.
Listen to an example.

On the recording, you hear

(man) That exam was just awful
(woman) Oh, it could have been worse
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

In your test book, your read: (A) The exam was really awful
(B) It was the worst exam she had ever seen
(C) It couldn't have been more difficult
(D) It wasn't that hard

You learn from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very diffrcult and that the woman disagreed
with the man. The best answer to the question, "What does the woman mean"? is (D), "It wasn't that hard,.
"Therefore, the correct chorce rs

1. (A) He has the key to the classroom 6. (A) She left her coat in the dorm room
(B) They were in the regular room (B) She needs a new coat
(C) The key was misplaced (C) She likes the paint in the dorm rooms
(D) He's taking a different class (D) She has the same opinion as the man

2. (A) Jim has tl're book. (A) He was ready a few minutes ago
(B) She will lend it to the man (B) He needs to complete the match
(C) She never lent the book to Jim assignment first
(D) Jim wants to borrow the book. (C) He'll be ready in a couple ofhours
(D) He is going to lristory class now
J. (A) Looking for an apartment.
(B) Paying bills. 8. (A) Someone else moved them.
(C) Talking to the landlord (B) She's sory she moved them.
(D) Turning the lights off (C) She really knows where they are.
(D) They haven't been moved.
4. (A) She has to be on time for class
(B) She has no time to go to class 9. (A) The problem is difficult to solve.
(C) They are already late for class (B) Solution is not apparent.
(D) It's too early to go to class (C) The problem can be fixed.
(D) There is really a pair of problems.
5. (A) The class takes a lot of time
(B) He is resuming his duties one more time 10. (A) He doesn't think there's a class today.
(C) He is assuming the class is diffrcult (B) The professor gives quizzes regularly.
(D) The class is terrible all the time (C) The woman is really quite prepared.
(D) lt is unusual for this professor to give
quizzes.

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1 1. (A) She could not understand the problem. 20. (A) It is now midday.
(B) She could not comprehend the (B) It's hard to lock the room.
chemistry lecture. (C) The cloak was delivered on time.
(C) She has not had time to look at the (D) Someone struck the crockery and broke
assignment. it.
(D) It rvas possible for her to complete the
problem. 21. (A) That she would take a break from her
studrcs.
12. (A) He's sure the exhibit isn't free. (B) That she wouldn't take the trip.
(B) He doesn't know how far away the (C) That she would go to the beach.
exhibit is. (D) That she really liked the beach.
(C) He's uncertain about the fee,
(D) The exhibit is not very far away. 22. (A) They were really pleased.
(B) They were disappointed.
13. (A) Taking it instead of chemistry. (C) They didn't get any gifts.
(B) Not taking it at all. (D) They were unexcited.
(C) Taking it along with chemistry.
(D) Taking it later. 23. (A) She thinks the speech is too long
(B) She believes she can succeed.
14. (A) An engineer. (C) She's decided to pull out of it.
(B) An astronomer. (D) She wants to put off the speech for a
(C) A physician. while.
(D) A philosopher.
24. (A) She works in the scholarship office.
15. (A) She was expecting thegift. (B) She'd like to offer the man a
(B) Nothing could surprise her. scholarship.
(C) The gift really astonished her. (C) The documents were returned to her
(D) She couldn't have gotten more gifts. with a signature.
(D) She needs to sign the documents.
16. (A) She has studied about the war for
hours. 25. (A) He will pay the bills for the last time.
(B) She's wearing a new dress. (B) He doesn't have time to pay the bills.
(C) She's ready to study for hours. (C) The bills weren't paid on time.
(D) She's exhausted. (D) Of course, he paid the bills on time.

17. (A) He always uses his head. 26. (A) He's not sure what the woman would
(B) He's really tall. like to know.
(C) He's the best. (B) He thinks the lecture was really
(D) He's got a good head on his shoulders. interesting.
(C) He's not sure if the ideas are workable.
18. (A) The professor discussed the assignment (D) He understood nothing about the
onlybriefly. lecture.
(B) He's already talked to the professor
assignment.
about the 27. (A) He should send in his application.
(C) tomorrow.
There is no assignment for (B) He missed an opportunity
(D) will
He's not sure what the professor (C) He was late for his trip.
talk about. (D) He should take the next boat.

19. (A) He gave it. 28. (A) He did hear what she said.
(B) He went to it. (B) He agrees with what she said.
(C) He knew about it. (C) He thinks she didn't say anything.
(D) He didn't know about it. (D) He couldn't hear what she said.

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29. (A) That they would be late to theconcert. 30. (A) The water was not very rough.
(B) That John would pick them up for the (B) He enjoyed the trip immensely.
concert. (C) The boat trip was really rough.
(C) That the concert would start earlier. (D) He couldn't have enjoyed the trip more.
(D) That John would not be going to the
concert.

Part B

Directions: in this part ofthe test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear
several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on
your answer sheet, hnd the number ofthe question and filI in the space that corresponds to the letter ofthe
answer you have chosen.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book

3 l. (A) Two lecturers. 35. (A) From the utilify company.

(B) Two students. (B) From a friend.
(C) Two professors. (C) From the newspaper.
(D) Two sociologists. (D) From a discussion.

32. (A) She wants to meet ProfessorPatterson. 36. (A) The man has no idea.
(B) She wants his opinion ofsociologists. (B) In a far desert.
(C) She wants to hear him lecture. (C) Close by.
(D) She wants to know about a course he (D) At the utility company's headquarters.
took.
37. (A) It exists in large quantities.
33. (A) A course where the students take part (B) It's cheaper in the short run.
in discussion. (c) The utility company won't need any
(B) A course where the professor lectures. extra money.
(C) A course where the students just listen (D) The plant's far away.
and take notes.
(D) A course with Professor Patterson. 38. (A) She thinks theutility company has a
good idea.
34. (A) She'd prefer a course with more student (B) She's concerned it'll be too costly
participation (C) She thinks the price is too low.
(B) She thinks it'll be boring. (D) She thinks the plant is totally
(C) She doesn't want to take it. unnecessary.
(D) It sounds good to her.

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Part C

Directions: in this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The
talks and questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then on
yow answer sheet, find the number of the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter ofthe answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
(narrator) Listen to an instructor talk to his alass about painting.
(man) Artist Grant wood was a guiding force in the school of painting known as American
regionalist, a style reflecting the distinctive characteristics of art from rural areas of the United states. Wood
began drawing animals on the family farm at the age of three, and when he was thirty-eight one of his paintings
received a remarkable amount of public notice and acclaim. This painting, called "American Gothic," is a
starkly simple depiction of a serious couple staring directly out at the viewer.

Now listen to a sample question

(narrator) What style of painting is known as American regionalist?

In your test book, you read:

(A) Art from America's inner cities

(B) tut from the cenffal region of the United states
(C) fut from various urban areas in the United states
(D) Art from rural sections of America

The best answer to the question "What style of painting is known as American regionalist?" is (D), "Ari from
rural sections of America. "Therefore, the correct choice is (D)

Now listen to another sample question.

(narrator): what is the name of wood's most successful painting?
In your test book, you read: (A) "American Regionalist"
(B) "The family Farm in lowa"
(C) "American Gothic"
(D) "A Serious Couple"

The best answer to the question, "What is the name of wood's most successful painting? "is (C) "American
Gothic. "therefore, the corect choice is (C)
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book

39, (A) A student working in the bookstore. 41. (A) In which jobs the students have
(B) The Employment Offrcemanager. experience.
(C) The universityregistrar. (B) What the students'majors are.
(D) The bookstore manager. (C) When the students are able to work.
(D) Why the students want to work.
40. (A) Train office workers.
(B) Prepare a schedule. 42. (A) Phone operator.
(C) Decide which workers to hire. (B) Cashier.
(D) Plan student course schedules. (C) Shelfstocker.
(D) Business office worker.

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43. (A) Recycling soda bottles. 47. (A) Two separate railroad companies.
(B) Soft, warm clothing. (B) The Cenhal Pacific Group.
(C) Problems in landfills. (C) The Transcontinental Railroad
(D) How fleece is obtained. Company.
(D) A group from Ogden, Utah.
44. (A) They were refilled.
(B) Theywere left in landfill areas. 48. (A) They had to move westward to
(C) They were reused. Sacramento, California.
(D) Theywere recycled. (B) They had to lay tracks across a
mountain range.
45, (A) Glass bottles. (C) They had to cross all of Nebraska.
(B) Dye. (D) They had to work tbr another railroad
(C) Warm, soft clothing. company.
(D) Computer chips.
49. (A) Several years.
46. (A) environment.
Becoming aware of the (B) Several days.
(B) Buying plasticbottles. (C) Several weeks.
(C) landfills.
Solving the problems in (D) Several months.
(D) Buying these recycled products.
50. (A) The workers traversed the Sierra
Nevada.
(B) Dynamite was used to blast out access.
(C) A golden spike was hammered into the
last track.
(D) The workers labored dangerously and
exhaustingly.

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SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

fime: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions)

This section is designed to measule your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written
English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.
Directions :Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the g4g word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer
sheet, find the number ofthe question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter ofthe answer you have
chosen.

Example I :

Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _ they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's
surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(D) regardless of

The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids
from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should answer (B).

Example II
Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.
ABCD
The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United
States politician." Therefore, you should choose (B).
Now begin work on the questions.

I . During winter, grizzly bears live in dens, _ 4. Gingham is a fabric used to make dresses,
caves shelters. curtains, and _.
(A) or other natural (A) furnitures covers
(B) , or other natural (B) furniture covers
(C) or another natural (C) for furnitue cover
(D) or other naturally (D) furnihres of covers

2. The study of etymology rests upon basic 5. The formulation of economic policies
principles to all languages. necessitates meticulous consideration _
(A) that applying large segments of the population.
(B) that they apply (A) because they affect
(C) that apply (B) they are affected because
(D) applied that (C) affect them because
(D) because affecting them
3. Internet companies rely heavily on income from
on-line purchases, _. 6. No one knows when or why Monet abandoned
(A) but traditional companies as well his largest canvas, of which _.
(B) but traditional companies too (A) only the survival of fragments
(C) but also traditional companies (B) only fragmented survivors
(D) but so do traditional companies (C) only fragments survive
(D) survived only as fragments

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7. For years, experts have been examining the 12. _who was elected the first woman mayor
effect of coaching and _ontest scores. ofChicago n1979.
(A) preparatory courses (A) It was Jane Bryne
(B) bypreparing courses (B) Jane Bryne
(C) the courses prepare (C) That Jane Bryne
(D) coursing preparatory (D) When Jane Bryme

8. Brakes and clutches serve very different 13. _ added to a liquid, antifreeze lowers the
functions in an automobile, _their freezing temperature of that liquid.
principles of operation are nearly the same. (A) That
(A) and (B) As is
(B) then (C) It is
(C) but (D) When
(D) while
14. Marc Chagall's dreamlike paintings and _
9. On the moon, _air moon's
because the come from his recollections of childhood images
gravitational field is too weak to retain an and mementoes.
atmosphere. (A) brilliantly colored
(A) there is no (B) brilliant coloring
(B) where no (C) brilliant color
(C) no (D) brilliantly and color
(D) is no
15. _ is more interested in rhy.thm than in
10. _ toward shore, its shape is changed by its melody is apparent from his compositions.
collision with the shallow sea bottom. (A) That Phillip Glass
(A) During a waverolls (B) Phillip Glass, who
(B) As a wave rolls (C) Phillip Glass
(C) A wave rolls (D) Because Phillip Glass
(D) A wave's rolling

1 l. Soil texture depends on the proportions ofclay

and sand particles, _ soil porosity.
(A) both alter
(B) which alter
(C) where altered
(D) although altered

I 6. In I 891 , first state law to help local communities pay for highway was passed in New Jersey.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

17. Theprofessorhadalreadycompletedcalculationsofthefinalgradesandhadsubmittedthemtotheoffice
(A) (B) (c)
when a student delivered her paper.
(D)

18. When taking part in winter sports, one should wear clothing that is lightweight, warmth, and suitable
(A) (B) (c)
for the activity.
(D)

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19. Luther Gulick was a teacher and physician who spent much of his live promoting physical fitness.
(A) (B) (c)
(D)

20. Tornadoes can pick up objects as heavy as automobiles and carry them for hundreds of foot.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

21. TheAmericanandCanadianpoliticals)stemsarelikeinthatbotharedominatedbytwomajorparties.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

22. Arthritis, a painful swelling of the joints, is often associated with elderlv people, but it can afflict youns
(A) (B) (c) (D)
as well.

23. People €nl94u99s stress by acceotins events as they are, rather than as they would like them to be.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

24. Specialty stores, unlike department stores, handle only one line of merchandise but a limited number of
(A) (B) (c) (D)
closely related lines.

25. Ancestor worship reflect a family's reference lbr the advice and guidance of its died members.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

26. Hunting and fishing techniques were highly developed among the North American Indians, particularly in
(A) (B)
regions where agriculture was less success.
(c) (D)

27. In long-terrn memory, the shonger the connection between events, the likel), they are to be retrieved.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

28. The magazine article provides general informations about animals and tells why animals are important to
(A) (B) (c) (D)
human beings.

29. Automobiles, airplanes, and buses use more energy per passenger as do trains in their daily operations.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

30, When one intentionally take the property of another without legal justification, the crime is called theft.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

3I . Ancient Greek philosophers believed that listening to musicals arangements and particular types of sounds
(A) (B) (c)
led young children to develop beneficial phvsical and mental characteristics.
(D)

32. Studies of the sun may led to the discovery of how the core of the sun heats its outer atmosphere.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

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33. Althouehbothisthebreadandbutterofrecreationalvehicles,carnpingtrailersaresmallerand
(A) (B) (c)
more co{npact than travel trailers.
(D)

34. The first experimental telegraph line in the United States nrn from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.,
(A) (B) (c)
a distance of 40 miles.
(D)

3 5. The ljpg of high-speed dental drills are done of tungsten steel and often contain diamonds.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

36. Experts believe that the waters ofthe Black Sea conceal numerous archaeological tueasrues.
(A) (B) (c) (D)

37. The Masters, one of the most important of all golf tournaments, is held every year in Auzusta. Georgia,
(A) (B) (c) (D)
since 1934.

38. The neck of a classical guitar is the most wider than that of a steel-strins guitar'
(A) (B) (c) (D)

39. Endive can be used neither as a salad green or as a cookinq vegetable.

(A) (B) (c) (D)

40. The white pine is the most commercially important forest tree in North America until the beginning of
(A) (B) (c)
the twentieth century.
(D)

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SECTION 3

READING COMPREHENSION
Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions)

Directions : In this section, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it.
For questions 91-140, you are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C, or D. to each question. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that coresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen.

Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Read the following passage:

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to
the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at
daybreak and communal t'estivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with
Line their neighbors as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever.
(5) Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably
chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in fits and
starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.

Example I
What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) In modern society we must make more time for our neighbors.
(B) The traditions of society are timeless.
(C) An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of society.
(D) Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is to be measured in order to
function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose "C".
Now begin work on the questions.

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Question 1-L0
The p."rer*t.r of errbryos and juveniles is rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate
skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized'
Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terreshial creatures because, as marine
animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a
suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack if swift
currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors,
some'areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.
The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur
remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the
10 years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish, and invertebrates have been recovered from
these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number
of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported
from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a
specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite
15 advanced in their physical developn.rent; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One
specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many
newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.
Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare
elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations factors do
20 not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant
ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth'

1. The passage supports which of the following 4. Which of the following is true of the fossil
conclusions? deposits discussed in the passage?
(A) decayed
Some species of ichthyosaurs (A) They include examples of newly
species.
more rapidly than other discovered species.
(B) than
Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller (B) They contain large numbers of well-
reptiles.
other newborn marine preserved specimens
(C) than
Ichthyosaurs were more advanced (C) They are older than fossils found in other
terrestrial creatures. Places
(D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at (D) They have been anallzed more carefully
Holzmaden to give birth. than other fossils'

2. The word "they" in line 2 refers to , 5. The word "outstanding" in line I I is closest in
(A) skeletons meaning to _.
(B) scavengers (A) extensive
(C) creatures (B) surprising
(D) environments (C) vertical
(D) excellent
3. All of the following are mentioned as factors
that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the _. 6. The word "site" in line 14 is closest in meaning
(A) speed of burial to
(B) conditions of the water (A)
-. example
(C) rate at which soft tissues decay (B) location
(D) cause of death of the animal. (C) development
(D) characteristic

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7. Why does the author mention the specimen 9. The phrase "account for" in line 20 is closest in
preserved in the birth canal (line l5)? meaning to
(A) To illustrate that the embryo lbssils are (A) record -.
quite advanced in their development (B) describe
(B) To explain why the fossils are well (C) equal
preserved (D) exPlain
(C) To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died
(D) To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine 10. Where in the passage does the author mentions
animals. the variety of fossils found at Holzmaden?
(A) Line 8
8. The word "they" in line I8 refers to (B) Lines 9- 10
(A) young-.
pregnant females and (C) Lines 14-15
(B) quarry operations (D) Lines 6- l 7
1

(C) the value of the fossils

(D) these factors

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Question 11-20
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become
recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural pattems
confer leadership on one or both ofthe parents. In other cases, such as aiendship groups, one or more
persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger
groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thouglrt to be people with unusual personal ability, decades ofresearch
have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of"natural leaders." It seems that
there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in cornmon; rather, virfually any person may be
recognized as a leader ifthe person has qualities that meet the needs ofthat particular group.
10 Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research
suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals.
Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group
members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is
leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's member. Expressive leader are
15 less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group
members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect
expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual
members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members.
20 They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals.
Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer
syrnpathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a
serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. .,\s the
differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection
from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy
a mote distant respect..

11. What does the passage mainly discuss? 13. In mentioning "natwal leaders" in line 7, the
(A) The problems faced by leaders author is making the point that _.
(B) How leadership differs in small and (A) few people qualifu as "natwal leaders"
large groups (B) there is no proofthat "natural leaders"
(C) How social groups determine who will exist
lead them (C) "natural leaders' are easily accepted by
(D) The role of leaders in social groups the members of a social group
(D) "natural leaders" share a similar set of
12. The passage mentions all of the following characteristics
ways by which people can become leaders
EXCEPT _. 14. Which of the following statements about
(A) recruitrnent leadership can be infened fiom paragraph 2?
(B) formal election process (A) A person who is an effective leader of a
(C) specific leadership training particular group may not be an effective
(D) traditional cultural patterns leader in another group.
(B) Fewpeople succeed in sharing a
leadership role with another person.
(C) A person can best learn how to be an
effective leader by studying research on
leadcrship.
(D) Most people desire to be leaders but can
produce little evidence oftheir
qualifications.

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15. The passage indicates that instrumental 18. A 1'secondary relationship" mentioned in line
leaders generally focus on _. 19 between a leader andthe members of a
(A) ensuringharmoniousrelationships group could best be characterized as _.
(B) sharing responsibility with group (A) distant
members (B) enthusiastic
(C) identifying new leaders (C) unreliable
(D) achieving a goal (D) personal

16. The word "collective" in line 14 is closest in 19. The word "resolve" in line 23 is closest rn
meanrng to _. meanlng to
(A) necessary (A) avoid repeating
(B) typical (B) talk about
(C) group (C) avoid thinking about
(D) particular (D) find a solution for

l7 . The woid "them" in line 16 refers to 20. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of
(A) expressive leaders leadership primarily in term of _.
(B) goals ofthe group (A) examples that illustrate a problem
(C) group members (B) cause and ellect analysis
(D) tension and conflict (C) narration ofevents
(D) comparison and contrast

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Question 21-30
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were Marked by the
development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous Lines, floral and vegetable
motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together
elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, andnatwal forms. The glass objects of this style
were elegant in outline, although often deliberatelydistorted, with pale or iridescent srufaces. A favored
device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been bwied.
Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been
generically Termed "art glass." Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect
pon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
l0 France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among The most
celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was
the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of Glass forms and surfaces, which
were widely copied in their time and are highlyprizedtoday. Tiffany was a brilliant designer,
successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.
15 The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts fiom 1895 until 1915, although its
influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of
thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the tum ofthe century. At first restricted to
a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Fturctionalism emerged as the domiant influence
upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement-that fi.rnction should
20 determine from-was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: from should be simple,
surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept,
coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions ofthe preceding decades, created
an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste
demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.

2l What does paragraph I mainly discuss? 24. The word "prized" in line 13 is closest in
(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau meaning to _.
style (A) valued
(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style (B) universal
(C) Production techniques for art glass (C) uncommon
(D) Color combinations tlpical of the Art (D) preserved
Nouveau style
25. The word "overtaken" in line 16 is closest in
22. The word "one" in line 3 refers to meaning to _.
(A) century (A) surpassed
(B) development (B) inclined
(C) style (C) expressed
(D) coloration (D) applied

23. Paragraph I mentions that Art Nouveau glass 26. What does the author mean by stating that
was sometimes similar to which aspect of "function should determine form" (line 19-
ancient buried glass? 20)?
(A) The distortion of the glass (A) A useful object should not be athactive.
(B) The appearance ofthe glass surface (B) The purpose ofan object should
(C) The shapes ofthe glass objects influence its form.
(D) The size of the glass objects (C) The design ofan object is considered
more significant than its function.
(D) The form of an object shouldnot include
decorative elements.

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27 . It can be inferred from the passage that one 29. According to the passage, an object made in
reason Functionalism became popular was the Art Nouveau style would most likely
that it include _.
(A) clearly distinguished between art and (A) a flowered design
design (B) bright colors
(B) appealed to people who liked complex (C) modern symbols
painted designs (D) a textured surface
(C) reflected a common desire to break from
the past 30. Which one is NOT true about the new taste?
(D) was easily interpreted by the general (A) Dramatic efects of contrast.
public (B) Complex textural surfaces.
(C) Floral motif.
28. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following (D) Stark outline.
statements about Functionalism?
(A) Its design concept avoided geometric
shapes.
(B) It started on a small scale and then
spread gradually.
(C) It was a major force in the decorative
arts before the First World War.
(D) It was not attractive to architects all
designers"

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Question 31-40
Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male
and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is
designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of
seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surounding the column are three
sepals and three petals, sometimes easilyrecognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but
always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often
dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen
as its pollinator.
To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately inhiguing shapes, colors and scents.
10 At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to
attract one or at most a few species ofinsects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest
different insects at different times.
Once the right insect has been athacted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle
courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accuratelyplaced or removed. By such
l5 ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant
crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they
have made themselves irresistible to collectors.

3I . What does the passage mainly discuss? 36. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as
(A) Birds a means by which an orchid attracts insects?
(B) Insects (A) Size
(C) Flowers (B) Shape
(D) Pertume (C) Color
(D) Pertume
32. The orchid is unique because of _.
(A) the habitat in which it lives 37 . The word "their" in line 11 refers to
(B) the structure of its blossom (A) orchids
(C) the variety of products that can be made (B) birds
from it (C) insects
(D) the length of its life (D) species

33. How many orchid seeds are typically 38. Which of the following statements about
pollinated at one time? orchids' scents does the passage support?
(A) 200 (A) They are effective only when an insect is
(B) 2,000 near the blossom.
(C) 20,000 (B) Harmful insects are repelled by them.
(D) 200,000 (C) They are diflicult to tell apart.
(D) They may change at different times.
34. Which of the following is a kind of petal?
(A) The column 39. The word "placed" in line 14 is closest in
(B) The sepal neaning to _.
(C) The stem (A) estimated
(D) The labellum (B) measured
(C) deposited
35. The labellum (line 6) is most comparable (D) identified
to
(A)
-. a microscope
(B) an obstacle course
(C) an airport runway
(D) a racetrack

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40. The word "discrete" in line l6 is closest in

meaning to _.
(A) complicated
(B) separate
(C) inoffensive
(D) tunctional

Question 41-50
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has
never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an
indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in
the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes.
At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was
sufficient.
Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playng lively music to a solemn film
became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the
film. As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be
10 added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For
a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the
conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a
position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.
Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if, indee.!, the
15 conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement as normally improvised in the
gfeatest hurry.
To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing
suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing
with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant', "sad", "lively". The suggestions became more
20 explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable
pieces ofmusic, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.
Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early
special scores was that composed and aranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was
released in 1915.

41. The passage mainly discusses music that 42. What can be inferred that the passage about
was _. the majority of films made after 1927?
(A) performed before the showing of a film (A) They were huly "silent".
(B) played during silent films (B) They were accompanied by sy'mphonic
(C) specifically composed for certain movie orchestras.
theaters (c) They incorporated the sound of the
(D) recorded during film exhibitions actors'voices.
(D) They corresponded to specific musical
compositions.

43. It can be inferred that orchestra conductors

who worked in movie theaters needed to_.
(A) be able to play many instruments
(B) have pleasant voices
(C) be familiar with a wide variety of music
(D) be able to compose original music

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44. The word "them" inlineZ2 refers to 48. The word "composed" in line 22 is closest in
(A) years meaning to _.
(B) hands (A) selected
(C) pieces (B) combined
(D) films (C) played
(D) created
45. According to the passage, what kind of
business was the Edison Company? 49. The word "scores" in line 23 is closest in
(A) It produced electricity. meaning to _.
(B) It distributed films. (A) totals
(C) It published musicai arrangements. (B) successes
(D) It made musical instruments. (C) musical compositions
(D) groups of musicians
46. It may be inferred from the passage that the
first musical cue sheets appeared around _. 50. The passage probably continues with a
(A) 1896 discussion of _.
(B) 1909 (A) famous composers of the early twentieth
(C) l9l5 century
(D) 1927 (B) other films directed by D. W. Griffith
(C) silent films by other directors
47. Which of the lbllowing notations is most (D) themusicinBirthofaNation
likely to have been included on a musical cue
sheet ofthe early 1900's?
(A) "Calm, peaceful"
(B) "Piano, violin"
(C) "Key of C major"
(D) "Directed by D. W. Griffith"

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