METAMATERIAL STRUCTURE (LHM) WITH TWO

DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND A FOUR-ELEMENT

MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ARRAY
Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo
FIE
Jose Samaniego,Romario Garcia
ale.jin2009@hotmail.com
romario27@hotmail.com

Abstract.-Antenna can be one of the largest components in essary to enlarge the dimensions of the antenna
a wireless device; therefore antenna miniaturization can reduce because it can be made as slots in the ground
the overall size of wireless devices. One method used to reduce plane.Consequently, the SRR-based LHM is quite
the element size of an antenna is by using metamaterial struc- suitable for the miniaturization process.
tures. This paper discusses a Left-Handed Metamaterial (LHM)
structure stacked on a two-element microstrip antennas array II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
for miniaturization and gain enhancement at a frequency of 2.35
This paper discusses a LHM antenna structure
GHz. This LHM structure is then implemented on a conven-
made to miniaturize a two-element microstrip an-
tional single element microstrip antenna and on a two-element
tenna array dimensions but still maintain the per-
microstrip antennas array. Results and discussion of implemen-
formance of the antenna,such as gain and band-
tation of the LHM structure on the conventional microstrip an-
width.The two-element microstrip antenna array
tenna is provided in this paper.
(MSA) is designed to work at a frequency of 2.3-2.4
Key words: Array antenna; Metamaterial structure; Microstrip
GHz, which is for broadband wireless access appli-
antenna; Transmittin Antenna;Receiving Antenna.
cation.The methodology to achieve this application
I. INTROCUCTION follows several steps. In the first step, the design of
a conventional microstrip antenna is discussed, next
Currently, the high demand for communication the design of the left-handed metamaterial struc-
technology shows the need for a wireless technology ture and at last the implementation of the LHM
system to be integrated into a single chip. Miniatur- structure on the conventional microstrip antenna.
ization of antenna, that is one of the largest com-
ponents in the devices, play an important role in
improving the performance and reducing the over-
all size of wireless devices. Meanwhile, during the
last decade, many papers investigated and analyzed
artificial metamaterials due to their unique charac-
teristics, such as backward wave propagation and
negative permittivity and/or negative permeability
(Smith et al., 2000; Erentok et al., 2005). Metama-
terials also have been used for antenna miniatur-
ization (Singh, 2010; Rahardjo et al., 2012). Sev-
eral methods have been used to miniaturize an- Fig. 1 (a) Design of LHM structure for gain enhancement; (b) Exploded
tennas, which include the Composite Right/Left- view of single element antenna with LHM structure on top.
Handed Transmission Line (CRLH-TL) antenna
structure (Selvanayagam, 2010) and the Comple- II.i. Transmitting Antenna(Tx)
mentary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR).
The miniaturization technique proposed in this pa- The conventional microstrip antenna (MSA) is
per is a modified Split Ring Resonator (SRR) struc- designed to work at a frequency of 2.3-2.4 GHz.
ture to excite metamaterial characteristics, such To achieve this design, first the dimensions of the
as negative permittivity and negative permeability square patch are obtained using the well-known
which is then identified as Left-Handed Metamate- (Balanis, 2005) formula for a square patch mi-
rial (LHM).The selection of the SRR-based LHM crostrip antenna. Then by using the software,
is due to its small size, free of via, easy fabrica- characterization is conducted and the antenna sub-
tion and easy antenna implementation.It is not nec- strate dimensions achieved are 50x50 mm. The

1
length/width dimension of the antenna patch is
29.6x29.6 mm and the thickness is 3.2 mm (2x1.6
mm). The feeding technique used here is proximity-
coupled in order to obtain a wide bandwidth. The
width of the line feeding is 2.98 mm. The geometry
of the antenna design is shown in Figure 1.These pa-
rameters that we chose to be able to do in practice
are based on the paper created by: Fitri Yuli Zulk-
ifli, Nugroho Adi Saputro, Basari, Eko Tjipto Ra-
hardjo, belonging to Department of Electrical Engi-
neering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indone-
sia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
of 3mm, the third layer of green color is formed
the length and width dimensions of the antenna
patch is 29.6x29.6mm and the thickness is 3.2mm
(2x1.6mm) .The third layer blue color shows The
feeding technique used here is proximity coupling
to obtain a broad bandwidth. The width of the
feed line is 2.98 mm and the last layer shows our
earth.

Fig. 2 Geometry of conventional antenna design (a) Top view (b) Side

view.
Fig. 4 Receiving antenna simulation in Ansoft Designer.

II.ii. Receiving Antenna(Rx) The simulated tool is using Ansoft Designer. The
The antenna arrays can be very useful for solving return loss of simulation with 3mm height of the air
spe- cific problems that can not be solved with a substrate of the patch antenna element is shown in
single antenna. We chose an array of 4 patches due Fig. 5.
to the advantages offered by this type of antennas;
as this leads us to that the larger the number of
elements in the array get a gain increase and also
the radiation pattern will be improved.

Fig. 5 Simulation of return loss for 5mm height for air substrate. S(11)

factor in 2.4GHz is below -25dB.

As we can see in the graph we have a result

where it indicates that the bandwidth is approxi-
mately 100MHz that is to say that it was calculated
Fig. 3 Array Antenna Receiving.
from 2.35GHz to 2.45GHz with a carrier frequency
The frequency in which work will be 2.4Ghz of 2.4GHz that is our gain of the transmitting an-
tenna and it should be emphasized which was eval-
III. DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF uated from 2.00GHz to 3GHz.
TRANSMITTING ANTENNA(Tx)

Depending on the requirements of the LHM an-

tenna of the Split Ring Resonator (SRR), the com-
pact antenna array of high gain is designed as shown
in Fig. 4. For the simulation of our receiving an-
tenna in this case it consists of 4 layers where their
dimensions are distributed in: the first turquoise
layer that is the design of the structure of the split
ring resonator (SRR) whose dimensions are G1 =
1 mm, G2 = 0.5 mm, and G3 = 2 mm, L1 = 13
mm, L2 = 6 mm, L3 = 5 mm, L4 = 15 mm, L5
= 9 mm, L6 = 7 mm, W1 = 1 mm, W2 = 1 mm, Fig. 6 Impedance diagram simulated the real and imaginary part.

W3 = 0.5 mm. The second layer It has an air gap Indicates the imaginary part is approximately zero at 2.4 GHz.

2
In addition, in the Ansoft Designer simulator pro-
gram several graphics can be obtained as a radia-
tion pattern, where the impedance must have zero
in the imaginary part represented by the blue line,
and 50 in the real part represented by the colored
line green, whose results are shown in figure 6.

Fig. 9 Reflection Coefficient of Antenna Array.

As we can see in the graph we have a result where

it indicates that the bandwidth is approximately
80MHz that is to say that it was calculated from
2.36GHz to 2.43GHz with a carrier frequency of
2.4GHz which is our gain of the transmitting an-
tenna and it should be emphasized which was eval-
uated from 2.2GHz to 2.6GHz.
Fig. 7 Radiation Pattern.

In this graph we have the result of the simulation

which is the radiation pattern of our transmitting
antenna of 2 electric dipoles where only the radia-
tion lines are observed when phi is zero and ninety
degrees, besides this we can say that the HPBW of
this antenna is registering an angle of 83.28 degrees.
The results are shown in Fig. 7

IV. DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF

RECEIVER ARRAY ANTENNA(Rx) Fig. 10 Impedance Of Antenna Array Receiver.

The arrays of antennas are useful for specific prob-
lems that are not solved with a single antenna,
that is, in our case we chose a 4-patch antenna for
the advantages that preoporcionana means that the
higher the number of matrices, the gain is You will
obtain and also improve the radiation pattern as
seen in Figure 8.
In the same way that the transmitting antenna
in our receiving antenna has a result where the
imaginary part is in 0 and the real part of the same
form is recorded in 50 that we can observe in the
simulation of figure 10.

Fig. 11 Radiation Pattern.

We have the radiation pattern where we can see

Fig. 8 Array Antenna Microstrip.
how the set of 4x4 radiant antennas where only the
radiation lines are observed when phi is zero and
ninety degrees apart from this we can say that the
HPBW of this antenna is registering an angle of
22.04 grades. The results are shown in Fig. 11.

V. RESULTS OF ANTENNA
IMPLEMENTATION

3
An antenna is a device used for transmission at the
desired frequencies, designed with the aim of emit-
ting and receiving electromagnetic waves towards
free space.A transmitting antenna transform elec-
trical energy into electromagnetic waves, and a re-
civer performs the inverse function.
Figure 14 shows the graph of the frequency sweep,
where the frequency of 2.4 GHz can be obtained is
at the highest peak of the graph, the other gain val-
ues, the other frequencies taken for the analysis are
below the value of the gain in the central frequency,
so we can say that the implemented antennas work
correctly, besides that we can see an additional sig-
nal that is the wi-fi because the wi-fi propagates at
a frequency of 2.45 GHz and reason by which you
can see that it works correctly.

Fig. 12 Diagram of antennas for transmission and reception.

To obtain the result shown in figure 13, the trans-

mitting antenna was connected to the signal gener-
ating equipment, this equipment is configured the
frequency in which this antenna works, in the same
way the receiving antenna that is connected to the
spectrum analyzer equipment, configured correctly
the equipment for a good operation such as the ref-
erence level, scale, automatic attention, displace-
ment, units, central frequency, Atten LvI and RL.
Fig. 14 Frecuency Sweep.

The measurement of the antenna was made varying

the theta and phi angles, said variations indicate the
radiation that has the transmitting antenna with
respect to the receiver, in table 2 are the measure-
ments with respect to the angle theta, and in table
3 with respect to the phi.

Fig. 13 Finally Results.

En la Tabla1. Se puede observar los valores de fre-

cuencia tomados para cada análisis, es decir que
Tabla2. Dimensions of receiver antenna in angle theta
para cada frecuencia elejiga para el sweep tiene su
propio valor de ganancia(dB).Dichos valores se an
obtenido al enviar cada frecuencia desde el gener-
ador de señales y después se observa como varia la
señal atravez del analizador de espectros.

Fig. 15 teta angle variation.

In this graph we can see the real data obtained in

the simulator of simulated spectra in matlab give
us a graph similar to the simulated reason why the
antennas whose main lobe is with a gain of 39 dBm
Table1 . Frequency Sweep. are working correctly.

4

Tabla3. Dimensions of receiver antenna in angle
Fig. 15 Phi angle variation.
This result obtained in the graph is correctly due
to the fact that the real points taken from the spec-
trum analyzer shows us an equal phi radiation pat-
tern in the implementation and simulation.
VI. CONCLUSION
We conclude that with the use of simulation soft-
ware such as Matlab and Ansoft Designer, we could
simulate the correct functioning of our antennas,
both receiving and transmitting, and see their per-
formance, their gains and their work frequencies
that in this case we can see that our antennas work
at a frequency of 2.4GHz with a gain above -10dB.
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