RECENT ADVANCES in CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS, SIGNAL and TELECOMMUNICATIONS

A design approach analysis for Inset-fed rectangular Microstrip

Patch Antenna
M A MATIN, A. I. SAYEED
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
North South University
Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229
BANGLADESH
Email:matin@northsouth.edu

Abstract: This paper addresses the dependency of resonant frequencies on the notch width and feed line
geometry which leads to hypotheses about the relationships between geometry and behavior. Simulation results
suggest that a narrower notch resulted in better impedance matching. In our paper, we have developed an
equation for the resonant frequency which depends on notch width for matching to a feeding 50 ohm microstrip
line.

1 Introduction
Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used
particularly since they are lightweight, compact and
cost effective. The input impedance of these antennas
depends on their geometrical shape, dimensions, the
physical properties of the materials involved, the feed
type and location. Therefore, a subset of antenna
parameters can be adjusted to achieve the “best”
geometry for matching of a particular resonance. The
inset-fed microstrip antenna provides a method of
impedance control with a planar feed configuration
[1-2]. The experimental and numerical results
showed that the input impedance of an inset-fed Fig.1: Geometry of inset-fed microstrip patch antenna
rectangular patch varied as a Cos 4 function of the ‘W/10’, ‘W/15’, ‘W/20’, W/25’, ‘W/30’ W/35’ and
normalized inset depth [1]. A more recent study ‘W/40’.
proposed a modified shifted Sin 2 form that well Table 1: Physical dimensions of inset-fed microstrip
characterizes probe-fed patches with a notch [3]. It is patch antenna
found that a shifted Cos 2 function works well for
the inset-fed patch [4].In our paper; we have
analyzed the characterization of resonance Operating frequency, f in GHz 10
frequencies as a function of notch width for an inset
microstrip feed. An approximate formula is Dielectric constant, ε reff 2.2
introduced to describe the resonance frequency that
is then implemented in the design of notch width for
inset-fed antennas to achieve better impedance Length of the patch, L p in µm 9064
matching.
Width of the patch, W p in µm 11895
2 Patch Geometry
Fig.1 shows the patch geometry of an inset-fed 3126
Position of inset feed point, d in µm
rectangular patch, where the notch width ‘g’ is
located symmetrically along the width of the patch. Width of the microstrip feed line, W in µm 2150
The dimensions of the different parameters have
been approximated using the procedure discussed in
[5] and the final values are determined through
extensive numerical simulations which are shown in
Table I. The value of ‘g’ is changed with the ratio of

ISSN: 1790-5117 45 ISBN: 978-960-474-152-6

 RECENT ADVANCES in CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS, SIGNAL and TELECOMMUNICATIONS
3 Design Analysis
It was observed that with a decrease in notch width,
the resonant frequency shifts away from 10 GHz.
There is a resonance shift of 0.06 GHz and the
bandwidth is increased about 46.2% when notch
width is decreased from W/10 to W/40, where W is
the width of feed line.
Fig.2: Return loss as a function of Notch width, g
The -10dB bandwidth is shown in Fig.2 and the
optimized results for this design are tabulated in
Table 2 which is analyzed for 10 GHz operating
frequency to find the resonant frequency with the
change of notch width. An equation has been
formulated for the resonant frequency which depends
on notch width. The equation has been given in (1)
v0 4.6 × 10 −14 f Jan. 2001.
fr = + -
2 × ε eff g 1.01
Where, f r = Resonant frequency, ε eff = Effective
dielectric constant, v0 = Velocity of Electromagnetic
wave, 3X1011 mm/s, g = Notch width, mm, f =
Operating frequency in GHz.
The resonant frequency, f r is calculated using our
proposed equation as a function of g where g varies
from 0.054 mm to 0.215 mm. Fig.3 shows the
calculated and simulated resonant frequency as a
function of g that proves the validity of the proposed
equation.
ISSN: 1790-5117
Fig.3: Resonant frequency comparison between
proposed formula and simulation
4 Conclusion
A formula has been proposed in our paper to find the
values of resonant frequency within the given ratio of
notch width for the antenna to obtain the best possible
match (minimum S11 ) to a feeding 50 ohm microstrip
line. It is found that the proposed formula works well
with a maximum deviation of 0.2% from the simulation.
References:
[1] L. I. Basilio, M. A. Khayat, J. T. Williams and S.
A. Long, "The Dependence of the Input
Impedance on Feed Position of Probe and
Microstrip Line-fed Patch Antennas," IEEE Trans.
Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-49, pp. 45-47,
[2] T. Samaras, A. Kouloglou, and J. N. Sahalos, "A
note on the impedance variation with feed position
of a rectangular microstrip antenna," IEEE
Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 46, pp.
90-92, April 2004.
[3] Y. Hu, E. J. Lundgren, D. R. Jackson, J. T.
Williams, and S. A. Long, “A Study of the Input
Impedance of the Inset-Fed Rectangular
Microstrip Antenna as a Function of Notch Depth
and Width,” 2005 AP-S International Symposium,
Washington DC, July 2005.
[4] Y. Hu, D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, and S. A.
Long,” A design approach for inset-fed
rectangular microstrip antennas” AP-S
International Symposium, pp. 1491-1494 July
2006.
[5] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis
and Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
1997.
46 ISBN: 978-960-474-152-6
 RECENT ADVANCES in CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS, SIGNAL and TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Table 2: Performance analysis as a function of notch width

Performance Properties W / 10 W / 15 W / 20 W / 25 W / 30 W / 35 W / 40

-10dB Bandwidth (GHz) .65 .69 .83 .95 1.0 1.04 1.1

Antenna gain (dB) 7.167 7.028 6.921 6.842 6.781 6.734 6.695
S11 (dB) -23.5 -24 -55 -34 -29 -26 -24.5

ISSN: 1790-5117 47 ISBN: 978-960-474-152-6