a Example tr seve ets + Toei (,5) an (5.9) rental bathe se 8,5) an (58) 0 Te ate 4 and 4,44 ace not ile do ot ave he ae lent tong th et} df both ep he et, » “Te dete the hghertazesonal agus of 2 aed RY, we wil py feplace R with ¥ (cheque Ror C) and eplace tease or 3 wih at tubtreypeivesmepe Specially, pete neg Toth est ot 39. Denon F* the sofa as of ng a lene Fe (oan) Fors = For (cite) € FP anf © hc wes Bat 9 be (rd a Gt) UF = Rand neque 2 5, these deon of Fares with out 11 Example Gti set of at four compen mbes Che (entrance nr.tn 84 © [ep oman acomr from) Ma = 4, we canotviralce RY fe sulle ranied ty vn] 3tpbycal objet. Sina Cen Te ttough of as place at are = 2. lg en perform gee mani lato a eu nt or Far exanpi adios a Fis dened ‘sian: Si, cach deste anamber. Ths penal confusing pace sly 118 Example Consider te enn at ican dive Mey for 40=% foralyer athe above number othe at? ayn swt aw pictures 8 RE bee we ‘ses suchas ppe od blackboas Atypical eeben ec Ris apo (Guta) Sowseaaes We lak of «at {5 por bt san arom ung te sth anew (1) son here. Whes we ink of a8 ao, “mens of ae ino pom ‘econ aed ll an fst ie vane engin beter unertanding by di ‘ago te vector a shown bre ‘beacier we we pts RE we te soe age language ‘pols an sects, tenet at thee ae jst so ou undestane- Ine not abstites ohe elat mes hat we il develop Alboueh ‘re enn dew god pie nih Platomanatnat an st mh eomeneaty Hone fs ra tl [sere 142 Detnon addon ia Adlon Saed by abting ererpnting corn: Gack) Ota an) = ORE ete ‘nen he emacs oF" Neon eae we wt asa ee 0 deste ast of» subs, wou expetly wing he courts. ot ‘example he es bel Sed with a yn se though he prot ees ete cmbesome notation of 84) ey). 113 Comertaivty of adn in FY Wey ePuiimnt yay be Pron Spee x= (ie) ay = Oe 9) Then Se Cet otal HO a) (eb yet Hye) Oui om ta Cum Ee ees) er the seed ad fourth egies above hal eee of he den of “ea a9 sod etd egy os reuse of he sa cons ‘taken nF. * ea single eter ie wed denote sn clemen of then ese et ‘taheprene ninco ed Shes oorates mut edly. Forexanpe x € 9th ting « {al Grete) god nln, own ne roc hoe ese, ‘otk wih jan id api corns wie posi 11 Detniton 0 0-0...0) Fecal (2,-8.1. VD isn lent of Ran may eal {be geomeey of R as any pel mea Recall ia we eed eno wo eas oF 0 eke ee of 1 obaaed yada caesponding cotta se 12 As we ml om sean hs a spl got pteton ne spel ewe of R™ ‘Sippse wenive wo vcs td yo ta we tt a Mone ‘he ear plo et oat Innalpain cscs cheendpae | 2-7/5 seth vetr a shown here The ind whose ta pot quiet cad Thun over toy ete 0 eF 1416 Detinon add mere mabe word f= Fac ayooe 5 € Rhee te ecient vet pall nd ‘bee smelent a btponeng ‘he oppostedetn. The te bere Ines iw tthe shot he ‘ow tr oman. We nal (rune amalplicatonin ins sl fh, ang wits wo elements {CF aod geting nar eles fF” by mupving eaerpondig con ‘Att: type fulton ced cle alps, wl ect {ow mbje, Specie, we ned den wba rend olga ‘nat af by ea sleet oF4.7 Dotto salar maipation in P* eh cowl veer 2 Dosis ome) = Bane A Bee 2 CP ad (6-89) CF ying Sealer mips bas ane ge ‘ome teptesion a RP ICs 8 esse suber ad x vedo a BR hen ix he Yetr at pote inte same edivn a+ snd wore Teoh nts the length of» In tthe werd to pt bx me ik Stee by ac of, Spending cn and wove ag ines Be ema ne o cfm ee ran hehe lerpdea Carr fw Sermon Digeession on llas Afi set coming teas to Sal let eed a1 log eh opens of adn od upton sang al the popes Tedin 1 Thar Rand Care eid sve he st of ea name song ih sl operons often sd eigen. Avett xu "else (0,1 th he el epson of so and main (eepthat Hs eed egal 0 Im ook we wilt ned to dal with ld oter han R aC However may of be dens horns, pots inet lea tht ‘nk ors Rana ls wre waht hang fxsizary Sl you pees do, thoughout Cape, 2 and you can ink af ae eng ‘ener sae at forexhpannebueger wehme Lt Teen #0 LB | Definition of Vector Space sito sod ear malipsionnPAadea comms tree ‘eae antigen ae comme by iit prope. slpcan on Wolsey ie peperis ae paz sbove 498 Definition adétion, salar muipliation + Avedon onasetYs efnebo tt sgnsancteneatvty €¥ ‘weechputofelewen uve. “+ A scalar mlipeaton ou 25 ¥ is etion a aigas an oe BentAv eV woah eF andeahy eV. 48 Definition vector pace comnatisy 4 utocalls.v eV a+ (040) and (aby =a) fora eY indalabeF, dive entity naive lmerse Horeveryy €V thee enitr WV euch molupcativ identi virally ¥, alu sy maw t avand@ + By EXERCISES LA 1 Seppre a ant haze el abr, obo, Fin a amber and Hers serdi 2 Stow tat fi Show tata EPP a ral pee Show hat @+ 8) =A =a + 62) Frans. Show that (eB) =a) forall B.A EC Show ta fr every & Cte ests augue fC sie a anpao, 5 Stow dutreveya eC wit 4 0,che eet augue € Cc aus 9 Show tat Ma + 8) = Ia +8 Gralla. 6. G84 = 69-69, 11 Bxplan why te does not ent A €€ uch chat A= 35 4A a6 7 = 2-57 HE) 12 Show tae (e Fy) 2 = HOF) 13, Show (ah) = ahs) forall € Panda be F 14 Show a forallx 18. Show da Ge +») = Av + Ay fra Pandas y €F 16 Show (ole =a + be forall bandas © ‘The owing suse ngnae smi sds our non, 128 Delnien ecto point ‘The sealer mtupcaionina vce space depen oaY. Tas when we Saving stp that Vitec ace Rar tape, HO vee sae oe? Wad Crs avectr pce oe © 12) Delmon reatvecor pce, camper vector space + Asete pce oer Rit led rea vec pace “A estore over cld comples etn pa. Vly techie of Fs ter obviate contest a inlevat, ‘hus we oe asume hat Fis ukng nthe backgownd wtont peielly sade maopesion Fear eanplof FP ented a cn 122 Example Fis dened be the ofall quence of lets FP Stout) ny CF EY 1A Addin sn sete ulipcaion on F™ a desea xpos (at) + One dense Wh hee dfnions, F™ Recomes a vesar pace ove, a 08 shoulé fae tanta re ikea)428 Notation + FS ease hea deters neo om S a F 1s Forfig € he num f+ 5 €FS ete fncon dened by U +90) = f0)+ ee) forall eS. + Ford € Rand FFF, the product 27 FF she fen sesnegby nm 276 forall Asem onto above, ith intra 1 aed F =, ‘ten RO fest ot eae ction te intra ‘You shove al ee blet pos ia th net xan 28 Example FY iravestor pace 115i aowmpy st he vl operations of onan ese lighten a eed above) saver pce ov F 1 Taine deny of Fete ton 0-2 F eed by m8) fealives 1 For FS we ade ver off 6 te aseon =f SF epw=-se) Fearne aa) OW prions examples of vector les ceetvahedanencn oe] spaces. PY and te sec eses he er pace beens sto Tengo namie ine be out oars etn fo nO Sup fare econ om ving to ceste equraly thal Va eco space. we ao mabe Be seer decraton ee neal 8 Notation Vv Fortra ft book,¥ dents setae ove newex en 0 ote seal uni 0) on bee de of ‘he eqton ana vector the ade sey of Von he ig sie 0 he quan 124 The umber ote «vector stuns nd | tine cy of Theva] 040 = oF FO efi cine of cer pang eben fot fr aoe itr ma | de of he quton sone eves 9 Jere proper Trash] ade . Nacpay sett wt | te extrem Oden add tee fF Alboogh et roa 4.28 A number times the vetoro 40 = foreverya €F, Pret Foca €F,webine 20=00+0) = 0040, ‘Now we ow hata elemes oY ie abil by see — Soon we wil c freee of eto ba Se we eed io Aevelop sre of he leet rope of ela 12 Unique adtve deny Avector pce bs augue ate sea ont Sposa ae oth dive ene for some er pce sea : se veca Spce as non alive ses. 1.2 Unique adv inverse vey elem ine vei pce bes anigque ive aes. wow tombe tw) wontw=o4W as dese . Because ade lnveses ae unig, eon notation so makes 127 Notation ==» LawweV. Then + wo vindeine oder + (9) a1 The umber tesa vector Cyr = -vtaceney eV, “Tai eqetion sas hat (1s, wen ade v0, Ts (1) che ve serio Steed, . EXERCISES LB 2 Suppotea € Five Vander ~ 0, Prove at ~ ory 0 4 Theempty seis ota veto space. The empty sas ost only one of he rouenns ited 119. Whe? ‘Stow hat ie destin of eco pc (1.19), heave vee ‘he see sen (Tepe a eaves en be epee ‘tic mens ha te cleo of abe saving he eto ‘icing if he ein codon teplacd wih he ew conden) 6 Let nd deat to dint objets, site of ic rn Defame an ser lipeston ca BU} (mse) F998 ould nt trom ie rolation Spiel er an pot fo reafo ero tearafo sero, whew a0 LER Uc) (oa vector spac one RY Esplin,LC] Subspaces iy comidering subspaces, we ean eely expand oa examples of vestar 22 Detinton snbypace Abie U of V eed asubypce of ¥ CU is abo ave spate (ing he seston and ede mpein 08 $28 Example (ind) nian CF) a hae of 524 Condor ora sspace Amba of Vea sohpace of and cli xis te lowing ‘ee cond dave entity eee aed under atom vow 2D ines 4 6 U: aged under ela mlpetion de FaneveU impli on € U. Free! 110 is asubipate ot Vee Saabs te duce cosdsous above by the deniton of sector space, Coney sips U sashes he nine conan a ue codons ore. Te co sedi star mutnaon] on hove enue a he ave rime 0) Howl emi oY iri Mei rs tye cod cndin ao eet Sums of Subepacee {ee aly ined only in ope, posed a wbizay noses Tie evn ofthe su of sbipces wile al 126 Denton sm of enbete Upes--+ Uy. he e a al posible sus eles of ys Un Mare ese OL Ut Un {er lok at sme samples of sms of pices, 127 Example Suppose Uo the set ofall comet of hoe secoed fat an hc eodnnes oq Ua 00 EF exeF) and WH (OyMER sy FS UW = Hee ER 198 Example Suppose tha U = (in 3.9) € Py Fad Wenn yePe ay e8) Thee Ue Ws (end eP ays EF) yous veut “Te ext revue a he sn of oheaces ea aba, 3nd 1.38 Sum of subspaces isthe smallest conning subspace Suppose UU ate sbspces of V Then Uy ++ Uy ie alee hace of V coming CU 1 € 0 hen = eh eas CI) by 131] aoa Byte te IagerpaceV Thur U sa vectorpace and ence insane “The tree condo i theres above vol eaale determine qu eter pven sabe of Vix cpt oY You shat ven al ‘he serine nthe net xa. 535 Example subspaces (Weer ae Koaanag eF a isarniopce oF ifan oxy = 0 su eb Teste an enn ea. 98 (©) Thesto diene re- aed fncton on Risa hips of (Teer of iereabe eta eons Fn eine (0,3) sucht fC) = Bisa ssp af RO i ad aly (©) The eof cee of complex nombre with iit Osa abuce shows the tear rcs undying [spre of Fan ne pat ees ar example te ee oyna of og fee serge ea os mama Vic eam YAS ter ait [and hens rsa a oor tens above routes te eat ae omens mame on ane ‘ha fora constant the decane of LE {Ful e tine te drat tf ‘he spices oR? ae rece (RP anal esa ? rough be vig Te subspaces of ae pects (0, allies R rough he ‘iin al planes W hong tea, To poe atl ees {Pded egestas pa ta ow a heya oy ‘nal ols inthe seat hp ‘5 loed wader ston an cal mlipheaton Ths 134 Impey Bat Ope qt asabipce of aed Uy = Uy to eis, se suns ay ty Nae Allexep: oe ofthe ws ate 0 Cot ‘esse vey sbspce of V conta ing Ug contans U4 Uy (Gece abscess cai al may genom nr oa Sienna of tc ene Tus | miuslennteomm en Direct Some Seppe Us Un me wap of Wve leo Uy b+ Un ‘cate write inte fos 149 Detnon etm Suppose Uy. Um ate sabspes of tty Ho whee each {at Example SappneU iste bipce oF ef hve ves wave Vater Qe ny er) at W ‘hee FP = 0 9 War you tos we twa,142 Erample_SipgseU ste vabrpace of P of howe ects whose Coors ae all Os act pot srk so ha. for ap (.x0.-.0)eP ve) Ten Pat o-oth Sometunespouvanpes io oe wedestdig os much os examples 14 Example Ut Uae. OeP ny eh, y= 0.0.2) eR 2 eR) Uy 1ePy EF Stow that Uy + Us + Uys ot ade su, saison Clay FP = Uy Uy Us Ream every vet (692) € FP P= 9 +002)40.00, este fs vector on he gti in Ube seeond vets Us, {hd ete vetor in However, does not eater sm of UU, Uy, Deas the sector (0.0) an be writes nwo diferent ways at ana =a 4, Seheseh a 90, Specie we hve 01.0400. 40-40 00.9 = 00.9 +00. 40.0.0, ‘The denon of et am eqaes tha every veto nthe sh have 4 ‘ie erento apr fm. The next sk sow ot when ep cee top shou possible det sm wth ‘rough tof tat ech pi of oe Subopees eet oly a OT te this conser Beample 13, tn dat honetample of dee su, we ave Gund: = AOU, = Uenes [Beso ata we aro] Jes oer, Sars ame of racer aa od ins of ne fcr ln Soci pce Se EXERCISES LC 1 Face of he following subsets of, deteine whee saab uct (tn man ering tan thao) tna Pia $24 Hh 9 © tomer mos 1 tennis) EP a Su 2) Stow tnt the set fies el audfncons J nh interva Eo mek 1 = 0) warabace one ner inst hf babe oR © 1aREaabpaceofte complex vcr space C2 6) Base) ERP amp of PY 0) Blake) CCT =H asabguc of 7 Give ancxanpieof anonenpty subset U of RY sack ba is ebsed unde aio ad nde tng ave ess (eanng 1 © U acer e U), bat Uinta soaps oR 8 Given cxampe of asonenpty subset U of sch ba i lsed der slr ups ot subspace of 1.46 Condon ort 2am chy 058 ss ying each el 00 ree Festsopose Us +--+ Uy isa dec sum. Ths the debian of ect si pest he ony way wre ae, Were ‘chu; iin Uj by aking ach elt ‘Now expo he only way owe ar may = ay, whe chain tng each yeaa, To ebow ht Uy} Um hte € Us tn € Un Subang tee eunens. we ase 0 ma) = Gm om Becaseny —P4 Un Hn € Un en seve np at eh; jes. Tas ‘he next est ger a npc fo lesa which paso specs gee de Su 145 Diet sum a we subspaces ide =) On yt (ooh where ve U tnd =v © W. By te unig erteiaion (CO a he sofa recor in U ad vector in W, wove v= 8 Tht Un = (0 cpg the poo ea diction To prove ter destin nom sppose U8 7 + Wisadset sua suppose we Uw = Wand ‘a comple the pow, me ned ony show tat w= w = Oy 46. The quan stove np thala =v e W Thus € UW Hence = stich te euton hove mpi that =D, completing te pont (0). Toprovetat Dp ovch dal (0) = fet orale eR Ibe vet of pede fagcteas Rom Ro Ra suipace of RE? Fagin 12 Prove hat the union of wo apace af Vina ebipce af Vand onion of he ace rennet ter. 18, Move dt the union ofthe abopaces of Via abopace of ¥ tad only fon ofthe bree cate he oro. (Fhircemiesr ping hander han he prev ee, posi Deca hr eect sr! rae fe repace fel contain ont sleet) 18. Suppose U isaubspace oF What ist 07 16 Ist operon of won on te subspuces of ¥ comme? Inober trond 0 and W ae whips of eis 0 +H WU 17 te epeaion of ton onthe subspaces of Vaso? note ond U, Uy Uy az stapes of V8 OHO HUD HOLE UN 18 Doce the pein of ton on the sbepn of Vbave abive esiy? Wc suspaces have ade tees? (oer aeP ny eB in a ehpace W of F cha FY = 0 921 Suppo Ua Mngt yap) EF ny EF) ad asubipuce W of suchshal =U Vat yet ysnyan eR ny EP ed he pce Wi, BH of no of wich tl (0h BaP Ua emai 28 Prox gve acoutenample: Uy, UW te sages oV such i vauiew a v=tneN, then Us = Us 2 Atuncton /:R—+ Rise erm t fen= feo) focal eR, Afoctin RR oi fo Fee) 2.A | Span and Linear Independence Weare en wing His of bers rounded hy pets, nd we wil sotauetedownorcenents fF forsranpie,@.-7'9) €F.Homere, vw we ned oon ln fei (wach ay be ent of oo ‘ier veer pce) To si onan, we wll uy nu at veers triton scrocding pushers, For tangle, (1,0), (8.8 11a of Engh of veces 22 Notation tat ofvecore Linear Combinations and Span Adding ap scl ils of ecto ia goes wht i elle nae Combine is ete he ol denon 24. Detiniton ince combination A inca conbintion os... Of ets nV ee 24 Example 1a + (17-42) ane combinsion of 1-8. 7.4.2) =80.1.-9 450-24) tecae + 07-45) et anes cont 14,5) = 41.8) 030-24, toga (21.~3). (4,-2.4) becase such 5 ‘CHAPTER ‘ier 8 00) wh 502 bated efor mode ne Siri fie bape Finite-Dimensional Vector Spaces {Lat review or sing sumptions: 2 Notation ea chapter we lured shot er pace. Lina slge coer freind ints caper, 1 near inependence = bases 2A Spand Linc ndeenece 28 25 Detinton span called the span a =i, dot pans. e) In te wads span. ty) = C0 Ea “Te spank empy ut i desined a be (0, an Fh 26 Bhamplo The pervious ease hows hatin +182 ean. 2.9) 2 07-6.5) ¢ pee 1-9. -2.8) ‘Some mamas we he er ear pen, whieh ease sae as 1.7 Span ie he smallest consining subspace “Te span of atv inthe se sobs of V coming ‘le econ abe st Fast we show tht an hq) ia mbps f VTi abine en icin spn.) Beate Ale, pnt) i ated oder ie, beat (ayn tan) Hep ti) = lay ten tH Pets, led de sear mieten, bee Ray to ay) Daye Ft Baie ‘oar spatey, rm) 8 ubpuce af ¥ By 136, Esch, isaaer combiaion 9, ow his sey = L sete other as 23 eq) Ths pnt) eam ech) Coss, becase ssp at else ude sel mapas and dso. every ubpace of Veomaing exh consis pny) ‘Thusspany tn) te sees suspueof Veet levees124 Danton spent open. a eue Vme8) ha i ONY 24 Example Supose isa posve integer Show a 0.0). 010.- 0)... 0.0) spans Pete vet i et shoves the mtg wie Lente Sates Suppse 4.34) €F Then ee ee Tan an se) HBC OOOO eon Da ‘Nom we can ae ea ofthe ey tions in ee lea 210 Denon finedimensina vector pace Anetra elle fnedinesonal some ist of ete ai spas the pce Pesaran garry, aol 29 soe stows dP ‘ery poste eget ‘The detion of penomil ino dab abedy fe Yu 4201 Definition pelynomi, P#) + A ocion pF + Fiscal pbmomial wah cotinine ‘there eit ay, ay F seh ae PG) = ae tas tenet tens™ forall + PAW) se seo ll ply wit cota ia. example Stow Gat Pisin dimension Salton Cone any st of element of PF), Let det te highest Ate ofthe polynomial ats Thea every plo ate spat ies dee stat mT =" it hep of i. Hence is pas POP) Thus PUP) sinite-iensiona Linear Independence Suppose te € 7 2 pny.) By te di Consider he queton of wet te cole of elas oh quo hove Ssumique Sippose ey Wane et of elas such ha an tt ee ‘Tus we be ween Oa near combiaton of (6. -rm)- te oy Way wdotis isthe ebies way (sng for al seis ew each a —< al, wlch nant cach eal Gnd as th cleo Seas ‘rsindeed nae. Tis ston 0 npartan ht weave a pea ‘mene nagendencoulch we nw dfn 217 Definition finery independent 1+ The ely (aio ceed toe neat ndependes “Teereaonng above ows ale Bae seperated aly fac eter in spans...) Bas aly ob poesia ore SUCTION? Span titres 8 sclr pce ver at ou solver a oer words PIR) ace SEF ibe secur pace af freon tom FoF ‘Mappa (hough of ars funtion oc to Freee by vo of cetints ten ubting oe repentant poo ‘Bom ike ob: pode polyanm l cnally eto ance (on snchece asl reo cova You we a wth is ct Nt bebeve fr sow, we wll ove erie 7) Caneasin the ‘ete ofa olen ae unused by he plot. Ts ‘tenes deasionviquny dane dee of polyoma 202 Detinon dere of polynomial ee» +A polyoma» € POF) esa to vedere i there exit eset 6) 8n €F thay Ocha Pe) =a baie to bam feral ep bas cere m, we wee p~ ‘+ The polynomial hati Ket 0 so have dere eo, state pabaomil Oia Pe) 213 Definition iF) orm a nonnegative integer, PF) detest se ofl polynomials Sore re ‘Tosenty tenet example sated PF) = spats. 2) hse sear nhl sbuing notion by leing > pate con, 254 Bxample FF) ea fake dineansl vcr pacer ec on sete tee 215 Detiniton afi dimensional trace ‘Avedor uci clint dimensional tio Site enina 2A Spand Linc ndeenece 38 238 Example finaly independent ts (0) Atsev atone secon eV ine ndeendent and nit 0 (0) Alito veto in seat ndependent and oly weber ‘eis ase mpl ofthe oer © 6.0.09),0.1.0.0)(0.01,0) iste independeninF Thetis, 2 tea idependeat in POF ec mee Tsao inety independent a yu shoul ety. 2.19 Definition nears dependent + Austr vecoesin Vi eed nar dependent iis stiney Independent 1 i eee word, vite of eter 8 Vo Bacal de praeat i tee exit i,m ©, 86 al 0, such tht 258 Example linearly dependent te + 0.8.0, (1,-1.9. 5.9) inert pene F bane 223.0456, -1.2)+ 0.3.9 = 0.00) + These 2.3.0), (1-1.2). (1.3.0 6 teat dependent ia and nate 8.4 you od yea. thre eterna it vets nV it ea combination of he ‘oer vets he etary dependent. (H0ot Ae ain fue vet i be sta equ Wo line coudiaton of he eet ‘Sect move ha er thee seo te eu what lt erulpiedby=t) + Bre at of ets ia V conan th 0 years aly depen isso eae athe peas ale pot)‘Toe lemma low wil fits emf, ater hat gen 2 Healy een isovector in sen af rns et 221, near Dependence Lemma. Suppose tin 8 ine dependent ist Then thee ex J eU2. sm) ch ate lowing be ype. .H3h (0) ite j®semisremoned som i,m he spn af he ema Inglis egual San. Pree! Becae tha. icy pene he ext bes ee eth pet een of (Lm) me at yf ©The 22 an eon “To pve spose € pone...) Ten the exit wambes einem eFseh hat Ine eqution stove, we cn epic wth he tight ie of 222, which ‘os tut rin the sun of et oan by removing thee om StF bs. . Choosing j = 1 te Lisa Dependence Lense above meas tat 10, bc if he odo a ala nected oe hat 5 Spa) el itp) = (Ne a a eo pa ‘oveneedr oe mcised an obvious way v= 08d ingore pane a ebook wil A ateion 0 specter that an be cose vane opty, Sn neh, 224 Example Stow Bate ,2.9).(65.9.0.8.D.(82.9) tse dependent a Saaon Theis (0.0), 0,9) (0.0,2) sans RY. Taso Us olen ge than 3s ten indepenen in 225 Example Shaw at et (23 5.4 589.0.87.-1) Ssakzor Theis (0.0.0) (01.9,0), (0.0.10) (00.1) ea Cpendet wR Tus wo ea es a ps RE ‘ar inston rage tht very oboe of ante denon vestar space hold ala be Eme-eensonl We how pov ath aon ‘228, Finte-dimensionl subspaces ry sdapc ides vor pees il ie nl Peet Sappse i iite-dmensinal ada subspace of. We need to frown i ite dimeninal We os ough felling a sep Sept EU = () the U inne mensional in we done. IFW 1, TEC = mano 0) en Seen and we ae dase Uy spat yey), tbenchooe sectors €U mah oy Fini rath Thur er uch ep we hve conned sine ney it by he {ew Depndees Lean (2.21), Tht aly Sdepeden et eam eget ay pang st of Cy 223). Tas Be poss vet SUCTION? Spand Linc tredene 95 2.23 Leng finest nsependen! at = length af spanning ‘nln deena ver pte, leg of every asl depene Pree Sappie wi... iin indent in. Sopp ali tha Winn spans Weed prove a m =n. We dos Grog he ‘sep proces deed slew: nt tn ach ep We 28 on of he ‘rand remove oa of ie ws Sept et Bete ie, whieh pane Tho aig sy vest Ss V to rin produces sine coendet ene a elt boined vector ean be writes at 4 Hoes combination of he oer ‘str Tnpatiea st ‘staat dependent, Ts by the Lina Dependence Lena 2.21), te can remove oe ofthe ws wo thatthe few it B ot eng m) “sing of dhe eating span Sten) "Theft of log) fom step J — spans Tha aoning ay ‘eit oh pode «neal epee st apa, he Ist iegth (=) ocd yang eB, pcg user faye tlie dependet 8 the nest Dependence emis (231,20 fhe serine mh pn of previo ees nc benate it Enea inepencent ths wear one of et B len contig ay ay sn romain wt Aer tpn we hve aed le ws dh poe ss At Hep at Steud cat Be Lines Dependrce Les pes hat hae so 8 {oemove. Thos the ae at ast as ay w 3 5 . SUCTION 2A. Span Linc ndeedece 97 EXERCISES 2.A 1 Suppose vv. v spans ¥ Prove hatte ist 0 spas ¥ 619.8-39.699 4 Vent be esserion nthe secon ballet pois in Bang 220. 5G) Show ttt we Dink o av ver pase over Ren it (PTA sey depend 6 Suppose vv. seal ndepedes nV. Prve at be st ‘sah neat independ, 7 Drove ote acoutersanpl: 6.09 ia ie aden a ‘sey dependent 3 Provecr ve acousersample: 4.42 ea depen ‘eat st oct in Vanda wid #0, dda. ‘Stee scence 9 Proveor ge a esutereample Hm ah hy ae i Tne snependene. vg oe boise pede thw € pet.)11 Suppone >t en independent in and €V Stow that wf mani. ta) 12 xplin wy he dosnt ers ai oft palomitas ey tadopeatet in Pu) 13 Explain why no it of our polomie ane PAC) 1M rove hats intne-sinensoa a nl ihre a souence Son fects nV ah ht. ey depended Foc evry ose egerm 1S rove cP iinnie dimension 16 ove tat se sel vector space of al omnes aad teas cae eva 1 sinensis, 7 Supa pos pt p pleaisia Pa) ssh ht fer each ove hat pops Pm 00 cay npn Pal Subnacing teas equion oa 30, eae (aye Fs oa Dn “Tisimplies that each 4 ~ equaled (ewe... inet ing Dende Hence a ~ can ~ éq We ave the ddted unqenes mpeg te pot in ae secon ‘he torn gen 230 Cleat epee To how “oe onguence ofthe eprevenition 230 aking» 0) nw mpi hat 2 spanning tin a vector pce may na ea bas ec 6 neat napa. Ou ext es 9 tha ven 29 Spans st some ‘lina ndependet nil pane te etre ‘Avan enanplen i acter ace be poe ine roa low xa et 02,206,159 the sc sd fat ‘eclaswillberemaved Ths ese (3) (0) chr ase fF 221. Spanning Ist ortalos ‘ery spain ot na vectra cane rdued i a bass ote etn pce, 2B | Bases Tae ast section, we essed inary independ ists nd pening hs Non we rin thse concep together 227 Definition bai Abas ofV ic ie of vector in tae inet independ and 22 Example baer (The 0,0.) 1.0. Bho (Os 0.1) ea das of ‘alte andar bai oF ©) Toes L.3, 0,5) sabes (© Thetis (20. 0.-8.6 seat independent io Pact a se of cae dns en (Toe (3. 0,5).(.1) eas bas ca bass of beeae © Teele (1,0. (6.0.0 eadaiset (9) eR ey @F) (Toot 1.0. (.0.-1pisabasisoe cous (_Telieh.n, eM icabassot Pah) 9.404, 9) a 1.2.0.5) ae bo bes oF ‘The px: rev ep expan wy ves ef, Re at guy 2.28 Crtoran for basis ‘Asien of vectors in debate fer y «7 ane writen nil inthe frm 230 whereas €. Step sien) Tey i span. ryan), dle vy fom B.A vy 6 wa in pnt, tye) leave onan dese om BI # ave Buncinge ‘Stop proce te pm gting tit 8. Ts 8 pens bea it ‘eign Un epnnedV aad bar acer ny vectors hal wen daly ear Depesdeee Leman (21 Hees Bis abs : urns net olay af he evan rev i hat sry snedimensonl etree hat = ast. 2.98 Basi of rit- dimensional veto space vey ie dinensonal vector pce ba as root By denon, Ste-diensonl vector pace ha ptnig I ‘dependent at we ea aot ome ana er i nae he postly of ig oe adn yet) 2 ha he xed is tl away edepeedent bs ae push pce 2 Linear independents ecends 0a basis very eat depend! ist of esos et-dnensiona ete ‘pie ci be etended basi of he ver pce Prost Suppose, he ie independ i itimeniona etc space tet, ey be bate F Tha bit (havof¥ pects bs costing of be toro setae ered eae‘Aca eal, syppore we tt wit he Boer independent 1a (2.3.4).(86.). Ie take yy sf ie poof above to be Be hod oF ne proces ae paso oes et (2..0)(.89).(0.10) whaeha bass oP "Aven plone seo, pase sh ante spt os thet us of he wl pce, 234. Every subspace of Vf pat ofa dec sum equalo V Sopot tenes nd Uae of V Then erie oe! Because is edimensonl soi U (6 2.26) Thos hes baat uy sam of U ee 2) Ofeaue ws i ney pendent i of vcr nV Hence th st can be extended to a bse Bisset OFF e239) Let pane. Me) usw ad vow ‘Toprve tie rs equation above, suppose = V. Ten bee Lit hem wae scons te eat bby CP ch (Maus ay Ba By Inte word, we vey ut, wen 6 U and € Wt dened at above Tose U + Weempliag the peat at =U +H. “ostow hat U 0 W (0 supose © U NH. The thee est eas at Bye €F so anny = ann = baw tt ba ney 4 any = be Beco a.m. nea sade he ines hat nay ah © Thar = 0, comeing he ot 2.C | Dimension ‘hough nee ee cing Site dmensos wectar paces, eave .0,.01,10....0). (0.0.0) of basen. Tha wet tenet dee the nena tbe enh ‘ile bates no atone destion makes ene anys Stent 1235. Basis ongth does rat depend on bass Any woe of Sniediensonl vector mee hae he ae eng, “Toews nape V abd Ba pcs V0 the lag of By ios ng of (by 228) inert les o and Ba we tho seth ago a ost the agh of By. Tus eg ‘Boule ug of Bas deste . ‘Now a We now tht aye es of edison vet spe have the sun apt, ween formal dene te dmewson fac spaces. 26 Definition dimension, fy Tae dente feiss kr ae Fou + The meson of ¥ (Viste tnesen indented by i 297 Example dimenions + oF + din PaP) feng +1 cite saad an ba gh Heese he basi 2.2 of Pl as EXERCISES 2.8 1 in aletor spe tat ave ea oe bss 2 ent ae aseons in Beagle 228 3G) LU bet sep of RF detaed by Va turn) eR oa (©) Even bassin par 6 basso RE (6) Bada suboace W of RF such at RE = UW. 4G) LW bee sebpue of detaed by Ua tease rites) Cte = read ae baeet ee Pa base of (&) Brendan par) abassof (6) Bada subspace W of CF such at ow. {Prove ct pov: he ex tis po, pu oo PP) such ato abasic ¥ 1 Provecr ge aoanerermpe: Ivy, vn.va le bas of Vand ssaoapace of V such hat vp sade f U any Ube vu vaisebaasof Suppose U and W ae sahopaces of Vsuchiba ¥ =U 9 W Supose Also Bat nist HB Of U a nny as oF Prvett natu. (by 2.6) nd cat dean, Te wat on rest eee nogly 2.38 Dimension of subspace TY iat ciensoa and U isa subspace a Ven Gin U = iV Sans of Uae aise adependet in Yaak of ase of ¥ a2 panag tie Y Now wie 228 oemece isdn U Sain shee sess seg [ag ups | Wetetngedytperce Rowe [2s umd Be five oy ey pena Eiiacogakngh a 2.98 Linear indepennt is fhe ight length is» bas Suppose ¥ fte-imeniona Then every ney independent it of ‘ec 7 wih engh dim Visa ass of 7 reo! Suppose din V = mand vv huey dependent nV The Isto snt i br eened ath of Vy 235), However ey bass ‘kV hascngth non ts cae he extension he tial one mening hat elements ate 0. soy Tne words oy is 288 240, Example Show dha Bes 3.76.3) aba oF auson This it of 0 vectors n Fob ines independent (Ginenann 2 Tae 21 inp ath ey inspect et (87) (3) (eng isa io F ed at edn ehing at pF).24) Example Stow bat (eS (eS) abate oft abopace U of PR) deed by Vm tpe Pam): 96) =0) sien Cheah ofthe poiviomil | (¢—57 Sippowes bee Rand 4b ete for vey ¥ € R Wit expt expanding the es sie of the equaton ‘ove ween ae th he seas ac ees gt de bat So en ths pes ate 0. Beas 0, we se Ut be et de snd (697 ini, tics term which implies ht b= 0. Beeie b= 0, wean aio once hata "Tate equation above implies that a = B= 6 = 0, Hee the it Lt Gee) analy dependent in "Tous dam > 3 Because U art bipace of PGR), we hnow hat 0 = ein Po) = 4foy23) Hower cana egal eeane ‘thers when meen sate of to mba of PR) we mow gett ib lengs gsr an Hence dn ~ 2. Thar 239 sth the Sac snapeneat bt 15) (eS) aba FU ‘Nom we pov as pening st with ee eg bai 1242 Spanringlistt the right lorths bass Sopot Vs Ste-dneninl Then every pinning i of ecarin owt Suppote din V = wane. pant Y The ity. ay ean Seredscedto was of 7231) Howser evry bs of V bat eth “Te sextet ves fom fr the diesin ofthe sn of 80 subipuet of nietnienonal versace Tht ora aaagoue EXERCISES 2.C 1 Suppo Vi ite-dmensonl and U ea euhypace of V sch hat 2 Show tah sabpaces of Rae rece (RP an al ies in? 3 Stow thatthe sbspaces of RY ae preity (0) Ral ies R? "rough oni an al pln in Reap he in. 4 LAU = (pe PUM): 9) =O} Pandas (0) Eaten he bss in pa a oasis of PAUP, (e) Fad ssobspace W of PH) uch at Ph © PR): pO) =O). Hed abana (2) Head he Bain pit ta ase of PR), (© Fina suspic W of PAR) sshibs a(R) = U OW: © LU = (pe Ph): pO)= pO), Pld abana (0) Hxead he bassin pr aba of PACH, (e) Fad asuspice W of PF auch at PF) =U @ W. ip € Pah: pd) = nS) = pl). Fad abst (2) Head eben pi) toa of PA) (© Min asabspice W of Pu ich at PP) = U © W, 8 WAU = ep e PAM): [2 p=0) Pad etasisorU (0) Esa he bassin pa tas of Pu), (e) Rad asubspace W of PR) seb P4(R) =U BW. span ott) 2m 10 Supone po ute € POP) te ach acc pb ete ave ht po, Ba of Pa) TE 0 en Uy bp ok Ga soa tr a nis +02) a + dan — da 0) Pree Leta, Bea as of U0 Ut di 90) =m Be se ayy tt B 9 Uy Uy, ney independent 0 Isabasisot t+ Uy Tas wl compet the pot, bees en we willie as +0) =m 4) +k Smite ib—m = dint + dim 0 — di 0 0), hey peste mains Us and Ua eae ons UU, Sot Sow tsi sa bas a + Us we eed on show ht i's hey idepedent. To pov ts. sappose ua tt a Bans Hot Boy team bon ae where alte oan saad, We ned rove at al he whieh hows tat pe 1 cam € Uy Ale ws ae in U0 his Iovsome coe of eas di Buta ies Independent the stein spi th ath and) equal ‘Tar or engin equation moting hea, anes beams sons bo ig Biba bo jay =O ‘pps hat aie ws and Bs, We ew ow Bala s,s and ano ow #10 13. Suppre U ad ae th -imensona ep of Prove ha srl fee ia, + Um) Sin 4 dn (he exerci above decpne the analogy beeen iets fb ‘cca digit nin of ote. Spiel compre eee the toning sour steer writen a a it amon {inte saat, the tember of element ee egal he Sof herambers of lens the dion ssc 17 You might ges by analogy wi the fol othe suber of ‘nets inte win of ree Sues ef tine se ac Uy, Uy Us we bipses fa aeienson etn pe. then ain +0 4 0) dint, 103) — Bll 05) = iO NO ain, 10,005)CHAPTER eng hems of ea ego Linear Maps Sa arour aeons cad overs, No eget eed soak ‘sector pce The ereting pao ine sige te abet wih we Tarheel equal nee anatber econ pte, wich ne wil ‘all is sditin to Thom enaoessompione ano a flo a Notation 1,0 1 Pandan Thre of Linea ape 1 he max o tear map with spect gen bases 1 omapie veer aces Dene De E(°(R). 708) >y ten abou fe gy fee and Of) =A)" wns Integration Desne Te £(PR) R) by [noe ‘ofthe tegiland he gral of const tne a use equa the smobipcation by 2 Dene Te £(P). POR) by pi =r) esse Pe C1 Fy Thorson Je Oa ei) Detine T £0) by Tes, y.2)= Ok =p 432,74 459-60), from Ft Ayre Plot) = 1m ange 1, mand Gone TELE) by Tess.) x map toa FOF of so, 3.4 | The Vector Space of Linear Maps Defiition and Examples of Linear Maps 22 Dettion near map pepe Te t9) =e Teferalay eV: Tidy) = 270 forall eFandally eV rnin venformaton vis] th satan Tos elle ete ute ne stocurmap | da fneton! aoa 7) 22 Notation. 607.) ‘These of all ner map tom V0 W i deed AW) chat the incon: dened below sides ies ap Sa Example tear ape nsdn ot theres, wee tsb D dette on ht ke tahelemen of oe vet space ah ine {he O onthe ight sides he dine sey a Arua bt cnteat enty ‘chelemenl onal Tobe reise, « LV Vn Sees by 25, Ungar maps and basso domain Suppose ve isabaeat sadn CW. Th te ets ‘tug asap VW mach My foreach whet icp ae aby cement af The ti. bas Uf Vand isthe potion sbve do indeed eine facto To V ca dbsomse enh lent of V can be wcuely writen i be om Tw +0) = Fle, Hedon tly Henn) Ge: Heal ++ ay eae Steyn to tage) Heo Foo Fm) Sina, one gure now spp hl T € LAV.) and ha Ty = fej eho nom Latch. vege F The hoogenety of T spi hat Ties) ey) far) = 1m The ay OCT a ips tt Tien tte) =e to bom Tous Fie niqunydeemined a p(y.) by he euion aboveAlgebraic Operations on £(V,W) ‘Webesin by dein ston and rake mlpeaon ea £1.17) 26 Dofinion addin and scalar mutipticaton om VW) Suppose 8,7 € £7.) and. The stm $= Tan he product DAT einer aps tom V0 W ned bY SENW=sr+Ty ae EW) ficalve¥. vo ino ga en and lots sonatas cory EV. W) tenet se soul et 2 E06 a voctor space ‘With be apertion fabio nd el mpieton a ened ove, 2 Wes ecto pace. The souute poof bees above eo he sede. Nota te ave dest of £009) ihe zr ner map deed eae in his ‘Usa it aks no senso mip together 0 elements of vector pce bat or some pst of ine ap el past en We wl eee 44 Definition PredecofLincer Mage LT € £(.¥) anh S € CV.) tea he produ ST € EUW) sr) sry) 2.71 Linear maps ake 0100 Suppose Tiana ap om V 8 Then 70) = Pet By akan, wee TO) = T+ =TO)=T0 Add ite tae vere fT (0) cach i of pation seve cede aT =o * EXERCISES 3.A Teyt) = Oem ay $32 + Be ben) ‘Show hac Ts nwt nd oly stb = 6 = 0 2 Suppo bc R Dee 7: POR) + RE by (70 15910 190701 [pepe -cse7) 3. SoppoweT € £(PF), Show at heen elie Ay For Feat) agitate dg ttm forever (sy) EF [heer above saws ha has he frm pred heat tem ofbaapte Suppose T © EU.) ad. asf veces in V suc a Type ley independent aa Prev a ‘steutyidependee bearer Te £10.) and € (VW) 25, Algebra roperts of reduce anes maps sent (ita = TET) whee Ty Tan te nar aps seh atthe pods ake ene Unesnig at 7 supe note dot of Tse Ts pao he omain oT enti ter swheoner Te CV.) (he Si the ent apo Yan he Tere ste Met map ca), Gitsar ST+ST ak sm +T T+ ST heuryer 17, Te € 10.) aS. $4.52 © £0), Matiplaien of nesr map ot commute ner wed. iis 250 Bxample SuppoceD « £(POR), PO) be dierenton a onda aumple 3 tad 7 © £( PR) POR) the titeaton bye ‘Sep ened etn On etn Sow Oat 7D FBT. skier Welave (rp. Inter words ieee nthe maiping by «eno he amet lpvog by andthe tern Hye) bar (ODL 2p) 420900, ‘pcan by some sear Mar reel rove eta” Sed CLIV.V), Bee Wee ext 8 Fsech Bal Ty = 3 Ce all ano (The eae above and he et exer so hat ether homoge ora ames eno imp tha fantom ea? ma va vores soe + 90) focal: € Coty tot near ete Cs hough oa a compen vector spaee) [Phere ln evita sting RR such ht 9 atthe de tycoon above bap ht ina However showing the estence fous action tobe conadereb moe advanced oe 10 Suppose Ui asapuceo V wih UV. Spon §€ £(U, 8) sn Sp O(whih mews tt Su # Dlr some we) Detoe TVW cy sve reU Jo ive Vand vee, n 11 Suppose V is iedimersianal, Prove hat evry near map on & ‘Bow tat U inn abipce of Vand S © £101), hen eet Te LU, W) eh Bal Ta = Su foal €U 12 Suppre V i Site-imensional wt dim V > 0 and sppose Wis ‘stnedineaona ove al £(V-W) ssn dead 13 Sapo. tet iecy pendent of vec fT: Sepone Meatit 4 (0) Prove ta thre extn. € sue aso Te ECW) sass Try =m orca = Im STect.¥)mehibalsT TSSUCHONS NalSpsesand Runes 58 3B | Null Spaces and Ranges [Null pace and Injectivity ‘wih each iar map. We begin with the sof vectors tha et mapped 00. 202 Datinon mil pce, ak Bee L(V.) the mall pac fT. deoted ml Tse sso V easing of those et tT map 0 58 Example outpace FeV. tensl? = ¥. + Suppose» € (0.8) desaedby per 2-s#) 21 +2843, Teataly = (lez 23) eO Hs 2sh + Sy =O) Atal nally is (22, 1.0),03.0.0, + Supose D € £{POR). POR) iste deentiaion map deed by + SuponeT £( PR), PR) ithe pcan bys mp dined by pls) = pCa), The aly payed poeh Uat ss) Iovate Rise polyoma Ths aul? = (0 + Suppose T © CQ*. 9) the backward i desaedby Toytstn = Oath Chest 7.39 44) ea and only 9.34. a0. ‘havin dur ene wee aul T = (0.0) 8 CF ‘The ex est shows a che wll (SRR spsceofeach nex mip ita apace [ere edo ce The ‘ft domain Inpatient wn mora fe comer 216 nective is equivalent ul space equals} LAT €£(,W), Thea Tisieewe and ony sah = (0), Pat spose Te injec, We wet prve it ll T = (0), We ‘heey Snow ta (0) € nally 3.11) To pose tena ine ober re 0. ‘once ha aT = (0). dese To poe be ipa ee cer aco, ow suppose llT ‘We wan to prove at Ts neeve. Todo as, suppose uy © V and Tae then ‘has vin, which equal (0) Hea tatu =v Heer Pines dented * Range and Sorjectivity Now we ie ae thes a out son 207 Datinton range ac afievon‘tom Vo W.terange of the set ofW ensisiag stave sees tht aco he ara F fo vciev€ age = (Tv-v eV. 8 Example vance ve Vi bensasge? (0) + Suppose 7 € CR?,R') i doed by 764.3) = On53.4 +9 AtenrangeT = {Q.Sy.0 Fy) 4) €R) Abas of ange? is @ap.tsy + Sappore D « £(P qPCR) ite eiretion map deSsed by Dp p Besa fr every plea « PR) Bees pase p POR) ss tp = ge ange af Ds PUB). 2:4 The null space is a suospace ‘Suppose T« CW) Then al 7 5.2 space of V Pros! Reems Ta aear mp, we kao that 71) Dewar, sappose, € wT. Then (oy 310, Ts Twa Ta Teno 100, Tow =aTw= 0-0, ence Au mT, Tos nl isle andere milion, [ieaabrrorarraipara)Webwe shown ht mil conans fan wce compen Ente] disclosed ner tion nd seat [273 aetna da tie se mipetion Toe mall? ak [ata pact Vy 138), : ‘px eto is lsly onsite. 4288 Detinion ince TREC oe deinen shove could be [meine shea sona | sepise oy tt Tis jive sce 1 vip the Tu # Tv. oder ote, Pesce as die Ing dsine out “Te exes at hat we can check sheers near sp iene by checking whether ihe el vector at ete mappee to. Aca simple Compataia 313, sy melpleaion by x nective exept ht Be 70 Sepuinecne ish opel ere Y= 10). the vecor space no whic bog 4s8 The ange subspace UT €(,W) teatangeT Isa sabe of Proot SuppeueT £0 W). Thee FO) vn a sage tha te uss €V shh Py = a Tepe wy Tat To tny=Ta tt 93.1, we ips ae Taw =arv= aw. Heage Aw e1angeT Ts ange? is lose ude sea ipheston "Wehve shown ht cngeT cota a is closed nde ao ad sealer watipenion Ts ange isasabipace of (hy 138) 250 Definition saecive AtuncionT: Wis called uecve tsa ae eqs ‘Tilston son, that fhe range we compe in 5.18 only he derecuaios map see eee le 0 ap basi inte speial ae W = (0) ete @ nar aap i suseeve depen on wat we ae ing oo ‘be vector space no whith ap, 41 Example The dteentiion ap D £(P5(8), P58) dened by Dp = pienot ceive besa the polrenia r otin erage ff DHowever te dfernation map 3c £(Ps(R) Py) aeSred by ‘Sp = pe nsec, Beate rnge equa a(R), mich now BeSUCTONS NalSpies and Ranges 6 ‘Fundamental Theecem of Linear Maps ‘he seat sen so pert tt gta raat ae. 4.22 Fundamental! Theorem ones Maps Suppo Vie Sitedinensona and T ¢ £1V,W), Then range i o£ Gy 239) Thus dis =m +1. To compte the ow, we need ely Stow cange? i e-denoa an danrage =n We wl ois Dy posing Py. Ty abs of ge Verve V Beet usta pane V, we con we Panny thant A bot Ba hore ea'ssnd sein Appling Ta bt deo is pptin, we Tee bit bo TO where tbe terms af the frm Ty disappeared bees each isin ll ‘hel equation imple tat Toy. Ty spas range. fa area. range is tie-dinesions “Poon Top Tn hy nde ey en Thea bo ut) = ene can boss ean m7, Beceem sun ET we ite cats etn adit tot dat we thes wea PTs equation apis cha al he's and ste © (Geese. tg. bea indepen 8 To. Te slimes ndependeas and bese ssi ofange Ts eed 4:25 Example Rope in eof liar the queso whet ‘Shomoqeecous system of rar equa bar none Solon i pos gers and a et Ayn e Flor am ad Bene Coie the beaoge eo ose of ka eqesons Baan ewe the quion hee wheter sy aber oon ent Te tad = (So Avate SoA) Te egunia 7, eis ie ey “he wet Ea a sy ge hn (0) Sather oe, secant qua sl mane oon low 3105 Wintel son tat eatgece 226 Homageneous system al tnes equations Tear frat ade hve ehotngeaces eye om Eat Bape ofthe vl above a homogeneous syste of ow hat it 428, Amap toa smal derensorl spac ic ratinecive Seppote Vand W ae Sniedinensinal vector spaces sch ta Jin > din Then aa Ener apo Vt eect. eet Let € £40, Te Sam cin Maps 2221 The inequity shove ae tat imal? > 0 Tas eae ‘Gain cts ect ober fn Ths Tit jecive Oy 916) 8 spucetan hgger vec pacecane jena white bite recuned 224 Amap toa lager cimonsional space i ot sujet Soppote V and W ae Snsedinensinal vector spaces sch Bat im din Then aa Erear pom Vt ie eect eet LaF € £00: Tee sain¥ 2.27 Example Comer the gutson of whet sa nbrogearos = Repos qrston a em of ae Sau Pix pov Steg and, ant Aye € Poe J = bt alm 1am Fore, © Bese he ste oie equi YA ser a2 ean ei tbe syste shove Deer Fy Toate) = (Ae ina) ‘Teeeqon Teh) = (ei-cg) teae a yem ofegse one 3.28. Tas we want to aow izngeT 2 tees we aseete 228 Inhomogeneous system of inear equations An inhomogeneous temo ew equations withooe egos as ‘he example above. Thup Ts Ue ‘emp fom FoF as we bate Sse or equdtos wih vies Siete Flom 32+ este Ts rove sn .SuCHONS Nal piesand Ranges 67 EXERCISES 3.8. 1 Give an example ofa linear map T sh hat iu — 8 and 2 Soppoe V ie aveator pace aS. £0 ¥) ae hat Prove at (57) = 0 3. Suppor, vg ita vecar ie ¥ Debne T« £06,959 They Sm) = 200 Ho a (a) What pepe of T camepond oy. ating V2 (©) What pope fT eazeponds ota Beng neat (P6188. dinT > 2) aoc subspace of CR). Soow tat (Te CUM) T isnot) ie nt a ipa of a0.) ‘Show tat (F € £(V-W) Tenover) ino a apace of eo) Sagpose 7 £(V, 3 isnetive and... sie independent RY Poses Ty, Toys ew aden iW 22, SappoteU nae cite dimensional ect paces © £V,W) sd © £10.) Prove at 28. Suppose U and ae oe dinensionl etn spaces an € (VW) sed Te £10), Prove tat amuangeST © mnidinsnge S.inasgeT 2A Sopgose W is ite dmsaronal an Ti, € £(V.). Prove a suc milf and ony shew ei S(O, 1) ch ak 28. Suppose Vs anedinewional and T.Ts ¢ 6(V,W). ove bat ange T © fue sand oly ees € EV) seh a Rens. 26 SapposeD € C{P(R),P1R) i seh bat de Dp = (ep) = oe ery uncool polratil p © PR) owe te D se ecive (The notaton D iuaed above remind yuo te digerention map ‘hat senda plsanca pop Wiha mowing he formal or te ero of peal (ep that ot rece the degree by 0 onus the txerreaboe oso tha fr every pamemi 9 € PUB) there eva pbnomiap © PAR) 24h ha p= 9) 27° Suppose» € 78) Prove thew es 4 plvonslg € POR) such tae" = p [hace amb one wah erage, a me fon do stun nea algebra 28 Suppte T € £10, W).snd my eh ofrnge Trove dhat hee et gy... © (7) ech at Tom exon, ++ gl foroven ve¥ 29 Suppose» €£10.F). Suppose ue Vs atin mally Prove ht V nutty oie ae 31 Give an exemple wo eames 7 aT, fe RoR? et base ‘he sane al pce ut oe sch et sear ilo Fz 10 Suppore vy sane Vand T 6 (0,17). Prove a te se 11 Suppore Si... Sy ar nective nee maps sch Bat S45 ser seme Prove Ba Sy mete 12 Suppore ta V4 ie-dimenson) and hat 7 « £48, rove Drees aabopace of sch Bat U Saal? (0) and rane = (Tuwe 0} 18 Suppose is tiearmap fom FoF suc at BT © (i nanind) FE) Stands = Te 14 Spot Ui amensonlabepce of RY ad at Tarp fom RoR! ssh nl? Poe at is secine 15 Prove at ere ac at ext iar map from to wha (oon ncite) CF ay atm andy ae 16 Suppose here eis near ap on V whore ol pace ad eng te oth inednenonal rove dat Vis Sntecrmenoal 17 Supt Vand ae bot fits. rove ht te extn Inet near map rom V9 fund ony im = don 18 Suppose Vand W abr te-cnensonl Poe ha hee exits ¢ Saree near up om Vt Wiad faim = i 19 Suppose an4W az eden ants sbi of ¥ Prove here exe 7e (VW) sucht wl TU ised ol fimU'> ein dn 20 Suppose Ws te dneasiondl and T € £1¥-), Prove a Ts lected only ee eas LOWY) sue ba ST 8 he ent ap oF 21 Suppose ¥ 6 daedinesonal and T € (VI). Rone at T sujetive a and only Beet € £H,V) sod a TS he een ap on 3.C | Matrices ‘Representing a Linear Map by @ Matrix Weinow tay. abuso and TV Wiser ten be Valves of Poy. Tip determine te vals fT ata ects io lice 3S), As we wl toons ace ae wed a an ete eb a recording the vas ofthe Ty nem of aba of W 258 Detinlon matris Aya etm se dense pouiveineges. An. mati Ai espe were ir sn sar Geampte 1c4= (7 955% Jen tas 222 Dofinton mari ofa incar map, UT) SoppoteT £10, andy 9 aba of Vand buss of The mata ofT ith expecta hese bse mon ‘easie MIT) whore eas Ay te ened by Tp = Auaw tt Ama AUT. tn) ae) 0 The munis MIT) of nea map T £(V, W) Spend om te baie‘oremember ow (7) sconce om To might wie are mio nthe matinee oly eH FE cof MT oe vs show, Tos second ner. [yt nce ne seach doped ety of he ain ‘Seve isk The lee above said reid yout Tea be compe oa.) by pig each inte A clan by the open ing ote san edn sing wp been veer (tree bars etn ine ‘and 0a he te st) We hom of Mi 8 apie tbe A sand ba et S88 Bxample Spouse T © COP.) is deta by Te) (et byte 459.70 +99 Setaan Because 71,0) = (,2.7)andT(@.2) = (5.9) thematic of wo-() ee allowing tpl be stp al te sae ass a wed fr 4.96 The matic a he sum of far maps Sippoe$,7 € £(7,W), Then M(S = 7) = M(S) + MIT), ih properties. 257 Detinien satr mutation of matrix ee ae heey nth by lar (2 2)-02 2) mother wor, Adnan ne allowing res be asin hat te sae ass ar wed for 4.98 The matic ats selartimes a lnear map Sigpose 2 eFant 7 « £(¥,W) Then MT) Air). The seceston of thee shove ea to teed. Because adn and Sear muiplesion bate now Den dened for rane, you ond not be epi ha vector pce abo 0 "Wereed only sit of wishes oi hs sen vetr pce an sae 08 Notation acm and postive ges, te ae of lyn mat wih oie nF is denen by * en wring wih Py the nda, et 224 Example Suppose D € £(P xR). PR) the eentan ep Altos by Dp = 7 He beatin of D wit eps oe nid bet of PAR) ead Pa Slaten Recae (8) — ax the max of Twit espe the Sandia th ed at elms (3235) [Addition and Scalar Maltipleation of Mates neu mp ern to Wwe ea ta boats eae (with spect oe hose aes of bee matin he na wo ep alo ‘em ofthe mateo te wo maps ight ww ds question does wot mike sas, tees alough we hve eine he sm of to net ms, we Dave 9t deed the sum of 0 tance Forney fi obios debi ofthe of two mates hat Thee proper Species, we make he lloing cation Mo) 298 Definton matrix don ‘he sum of re atrie of the same ee mae. one by sng conesponding eis ne aces (22h 2) es) Ince words (A+ Cha = Aya + ja ‘Suppose mend re postine ages Wt ain ad ell ‘eon ele at hove," rae pce wih ienson mn Prost ‘The eet that Ps vedo ie ilo the eer Noe har te ave eny of FM" the gon ma who ee al "Toe readr hold alte veri af my mice at ved fase ee dnension fF" een * ‘Matrix Maliplcation SPs aiiaear ap tom Uw W. Does MUST) equal M(S).MUT)? Tas {esi dvs Yet make ese, bese we Bie at deed pode af {wo mats, We wil ehoor«dtaiin of tix mliplsten a tes ‘hs question have «postive answer Lasse amo ths Swpose M8) — Aang (7) = C- Fort == pe hve com eaifem) Leas - deat Aves doa nam ‘Tous MIST) istvem-bx-p matic whose ety into jean keuals