Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
GROUP WORK
QN 9C
I think the role of deductive reasoning is to teach students to get facts and
knowledge from a wider view of a certain problem and narrowing it to a smaller and
simpler view. For example Students are advised to form a research title by
thinking of wider (Nation wise or global wise problem) and narrow it to smaller,
The other role of inductive reasoning is that it helps the teacher in preparing the lessons
in a manner that specific objectives are provided firstly following the general once and
QN 4
that should be taught by the school. While in Perenialism the focus of education is
religious teaching.
In essentialism the purpose of education is to teach students hard work, respect
for the authority and discipline while in Perenialism students are taught knowledge
speaking, writing and computing simple mathematics and thinking logical. Also
Similarities
that should be taught to all alike by tested method. Also it accept the idea
that the core curriculum may change, schooling should be practical, preparing
Perenialism is based on the belief that some ideas have lasted over
centuries and are as relevant today as when they were first conceived.
b) Both believe that there are certain aspects of the culture that must be
d) Both aim to rigorously develop all student intellectual powers and moral
qualities.
accomplish these goals. The teachers do not allow the students interests or
QN 6
system of Tanzania.
of what they learn in real life situation For example: in primary schools
numbers in real.
prepare the learners to solve the problems existing in society. For example
philosophy.
should lie at center of all educative process. The learners should learn on
learners should be able to use knowledge they get so as to make life proper.
learners use their experience to utilize the acquired knowledge which make
Education should serve as an end and means, education should improve man
and serve as means of doing things, for example VETA is the best example
where by education which provided over there are the practical education in
which students are learn by doing therefore later on he or she improved and
Education system should constantly reflect the rapid changes in the word of
knowledge, now days Tanzania education applied this theory for introducing
ICT issues in which gives more priority in changing the world in terms of
level.
using an insect.
Education should serve as an end and means, education should improve man
and serve as means of doing things, for example VETA is the best example
where by education which provided over there are the practical education in
which students are learn by doing therefore later on he or she improved and
Education system should constantly reflect the rapid changes in the word of
knowledge, now days Tanzania education applied this theory for introducing
ICT issues in which gives more priority in changing the world in terms of
level.
using an insect.
QN 7: QN. Compare between behaviorism and existentialism, and explain their role
in education.
Existentialism is a philosophy concerned with finding self and the meaning of life
through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. The belief is that people are
searching to find out whom and what they are throughout life as they make choices
based on their experiences, beliefs, and outlook. And personal choices become
believes that a person should be forced to choose and be responsible without the
behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind. Behavior theorists
define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on
environmental conditions.
as follows;
concept.
performance
Also by existentialism it helps to study the fact things that they real exist
Though there are the difference between existentialism and behaviorism like,
teachers and school environment is the agent to shape the learners behavior.
QN 12
IDEALISM.
make up fundamental reality. Essentially it is any philosophy which argues that the
only thing actually knowable is consciousness whereas we never can be sure that
matter or anything in the outside world really exists thus the only the real things
are mental entities not physical things which exist only in the sense that they are
perceived.
STRENGTHS OF IDEALISM
realization The aim of education is to develop the self of the individuals higher
culture to enter more and more fully into the spiritual realm, and also enter more
and more fully into the spiritual realm, and also enlarge the boundaries of spiritual
realm”.
According to Dr.Prem Nath “The process of education must lead to the deepest
spiritual insight and to the highest moral and spiritual insight and to
the highest moral and spiritual insight and to the highest moral and spiritual
conduct .”
Idealism prepares an individual for a holy life. Froebel says. “The object of
education is the realization of a faithful, pure, inviolable and hence holy life.’’
Idealism wishes that education should develop the mind fully. It makes a person
rational as well. Only the highly developed mind can understand the all-pervading
man completely and fully for manhood and not some part of man.
ideals and values than to the child and his activities. They firmly hold that
curriculum should be concerned with the whole humanity and its experiences. It
to preserve and advance the culture of human race ,so subjects like Religi
found in healthy baby only. So health, hygiene, games and sports should find an
place for self-education. For this no particular method has been suggested.
to complex
keep the child under discipline. Idealists believe that there can be no spiritual
development of the child without discipline. This leads to inner discipline. “The
discipline is not to be imposed on pupils. The teacher has only to help them to
Self-insight and self-analysis are the main disciplinary factors. The main task of
education is the cultivation of higher values of life through moral and religious
education. It requires the teacher to present a good example and exercise lasting
impact upon the pupil’s mind. A teacher is an ideal person to be emulated by this
pupil.
guide for the child. The teacher serves as a living model for the student. He sets
the environment in which education takes place. He carries the child from darkness
Idealism regards the teacher as the priest of man’s spiritual heritage. He is a co-
worker with God in perfecting man. An idealist teacher is a philosopher, friend and
and the child is a tender plant. The plant can grow, no doubt, without help but the
good gardener sees that the plant grows to the finest possible perfection. Through
teacher’s guidance the child can make his natural development into a process
WEAKNESS OF IDEALISM.
doctrine. It avoids the present realities and prepares the child for the next world.
(2) Idealism is concerned with the ultimate end of life. It avoids the real
problems day to day living. Education should be such as to make individuals capable
to solve the problems that confront them from time to time able to lead a happy
(3) Idealism lays more emphasis on thinking and mental activities. This increases
child. Modern psychology emphasizes the prime and central importance of child.
6 Accepts real needs and real feelings only. it does not believes in imagination
and sentiments
progressivism.
a) What are the main values and features identified with pragmatism?
Part (a) the main values and features identified with pragmatism;
Experimentation, John Dewey says, “I affirm that the term ‘pragmatic’ means only
the rule of referring all thinking, all reflective consideration, to consequences for
final meaning and test.” Pragmatism places a superior pressure on the value of
experimentation. It stands for testing every statement by finding out its practical
otherwise rejected. Man is always carrying out various experiments in his life. But
thing is good and beautiful which emerges our useful after experimentation.
Axiology, Pragmatism does not trust in eternal values. Man himself creates values.
Values are not programmed. In the context of religion, Dewey has said, ‘God is
active relation between Ideal and Reality; they consider the use of intelligence in
knowledge. Human being receives knowledge through experience based activity and
interests.
knowledge
-education as growth
- principle of utility
-principle of interest
-principle of experience
-principle of integration
QN 13
Question
make his or her own decision without any aids from the somebody else, For example
ability to choose a course for carrier or the ability to choose any satisfaction of a
person to being
vocations and with self-employment skills (Nyerere, 1967). Acquired skills and
abilities are meant to be useful in performing community tasks and for solving
personal and community challenges. In this way, education becomes a tool for
liberation
philosophy of education?
animal husbandry and crop production. Students should participate in the planning
and this can be accompanying with pragmatism as the school of thought focused on
learning by doing. Thus, as long as a teacher is the one who supposed to shape a
philosophy of education
1995: 253
Education must also prepare young people for the work they will be called
upon to do in the society which exists in the Tanzania-a rural society. This
mean that education that a person acquire from school should enable him or
her to engage in rural activities because of high population are living in rural
rural context, this means that education becomes meaningful and useful
agriculture and adapt knowledge and skills to solve local problems such as
a) Education should be Problem Solving; For educated people to serve the people
and help in solving the problems affecting the society, it is implied that the
educative process must involve not only training in specific skills and techniques
through a method of practical work geared to problem solving, but also acquiring
those habits which make him or her virtuous. These virtues will make him or her
religious minded, courageous, truthful, good-natured and the like. This type of
education will help him or her manage ones affairs of this world with foresight.
prescribes that education should be work oriented and that the educated must be
and life expectancy, and perhaps above all the service that will enable the citizens
to exploit and utilize their country’s natural resources for the benefits of the
workers and peasants of Tanzania that why he proposed the enrollment age for
standard one should be 7 years which means after completing standard seven that
c) also he proposed that education given must ensure that students can become
self-reliant and cooperative (that is develop willingness and ability to work with
pragmatists the former of school of thought .to him education provided to child
should enhance cooperation and develop willingness and ability to work with others.
rather merely serving as a means to higher education, this means for him
in economic and other social activities even without reaching at higher education
QN 10 & 14
Critical Thinking is the ability to analyze the way you think and present
evidence for your ideas, rather than simply accepting your personal
mastering critical thinking skills, such as better control of your own learning
facing real world situations, Critical Thinking is a valuable skill for students
to master.
Critical Thinking skills teach a variety of skills that can be applied to any
critical thinking is obviously important. But critical thinking skills are not
restricted to a particular subject area. Being able to think well and solve
to be able to deal with changes quickly and effectively. The new economy
problems. Good critical thinking promotes such thinking skills, and is very
clearly and systematically can improve the way we express our ideas. In
learning how to analyses the logical structure of texts, critical thinking also
to a problem involves not just having new ideas. It must also be the case that
the new ideas being generated are useful and relevant to the task at hand.
Critical thinking plays a crucial role in evaluating new ideas, selecting the
meaningful life and to structure our lives accordingly, we need to justify and
reflect on our values and decisions. Critical thinking provides the tools for
democracy requires citizens who can think critically about social issues to
inform their judgments about proper governance and to overcome biases and
prejudice.
Critical Thinking is something that is valued both in the university setting
and in the professional situations you will find yourselves in after you
life. It helps you to think creatively – ‘outside the box’. It keeps you from
abilities.
and critique ideas are able to make connections across disciplines, see
QN 10
Critical thinker: Is one who is: eager to acquire and apply the best knowledge and
reason in all fields, willing to acknowledge and correct flaws in their own thinking,
face in life, wait for valid evidence and prefer to be aware of there are of
ignorance.
the one who raise vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and
precisely
interpret it effectively
because
A good critical thinker knows how to separate facts from opinions, how to
examine an issue from all sides, how to make rational inferences and how to
Rational critical thinkers are generally the voices of reason in times of mass
but fear itself." The critical thinker usually has the comprehensive skills to
The critical thinker remains calm and knows when he is right. Critical
thinkers are less likely to fall for scams or tricks because they approach
thinking skills often assume that everything they hear is true, regardless of
the source.
Critical thinkers consider all
options before they act. If time is an important factor, they consider the
Critical thinkers embody the phrase "work smarter, not harder." They are
masters of efficiency.
your own perspective, you can also consider the perspective of others and
are looking not for employees with highly specialized academic skills, but
those with good thinking and communication skills. Employees who learn
quickly and can solve problems, think creatively, gather and analyze
information meaningfully.
Many of the highest paying jobs require critical thinking skills, such as
often ask applicants questions that test their ability to think critically.
Critical thinking skills may also be a deciding factor when an employee seeks
a promotion.
take over when making an important decision or arguing for your opinion,
Thinking?", a report from York University, asserts that critical thinking can
help you effectively use emotional appeal, letting your feelings influence, but
different people.
QN 1
QUESTION
ANSWER:
different aims and ideals of education. These aims and ideals have been proposed
citizenship, utilization of leisure, training for civic life, training for international
source development..
nature is a result of the synthesis of the facts borrowed from all the human
human science.
Also the scope of philosophy of education is unlimited in educational system due to
pointed that only a true philosopher can give a practical shape to education.
educators with the right vision which guides them to attain the educational goals
efficiently.
time, Social commentators have given many labels to the present period of history
for some it is the information age and for others it is post modernity, later
philosophy of education when the objectives being set to implement them are
background.
philosophy of education is where the plans such as short plan and long plans in
education.
Also it enables to set the specific curriculum and specific methods through the
discipline of philosophy the reliable curriculum set according to the needs of the
appears in all aspects of education. And the following are the reasons;
QN 2
While the thinker Socrates viewed a philosopher as one who is a lover of the
vision of truth, his pupil, Plato, defined such a person as “he who has a taste for
discipline?
ANSWERS
a) Yes they do differ, because a seeker of knowledge is not the same as lover of
truth. Because knowledge does not necessarily contain the truth. Plato represents
a philosopher as an active dynamic figure who is eager to learn and has an interest
for different kind of knowledge and does not employ one kind of knowledge. But
satisfied with finding one kind of truth and is not eager to find other kind of
truth.
b) Yes, I agree with Socrates that a philosopher is one who is a lover of vision of
truth, but actually i follow more Plato's vision because, philosophy is about asking
ii) Prescription, philosophers tend to find out intellectual direction and guidance
about an issue.
or universe
iv) Analysis, involve a logical reasoning which seek to clarify meaning and evidence
to support view
QN 7
human beings are free and responsible for their actions in the world without
existentialism.
environment for example student's behaviors are shaped by the family, the school
which emphasize that human beings are free and responsible for their actions in
Both deals with speculating the truth whereby behaviorists believe that reality is
that reality is what human beings chooses and are responsible for their choices.
Make sure to get the topic or question correct. You get no points for effectively
arguing a case you weren’t asked to make. The best way to be sure you are dealing
with the correct topic is to make the topic a part of your thesis statement. For
instance, if I have been asked to argue the points for higher speed limits on
highways, I can ensure I am arguing that point by making my thesis statement,
‘Why higher speed limits on highways are beneficial. This will keep me more
focused than if I made my thesis statement, “Why cars are well equipped to handle
higher speeds on the highway”. I could easily veer into arguing the merits of
advanced engineering or automatic steering and breaking, which may or may not
have anything to do with higher speed limits on highways.
Support your argument with good reason. Providing your point with logic and reason
includes having good, factual data as well as presenting your viewpoint in ordered
steps that are easy for your reader to understand and follow.
Use good support that will seem valid and unbiased to your reader for your view.
Present support from a variety of resources. This includes the use of definitions,
statistical analyses, facts, historical precedents and any other information that
would be relevant to your topic and your point.