i

MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY

EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

QUORUM SENSING INHIBITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF

SELECTED PLANT SPECIES

-------------------------

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
Biology Program
Natural and Physical Sciences Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Manila Central University
Caloocan City

-------------------------

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Biology

-------------------------

ISHA KUMAR
March 2016
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled QUORUM SENSING INHIBITION AND

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES” prepared
and submitted by ISHA KUMAR, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Biology, is hereby recommended for
acceptance and approval.

CHRISTIAN R. PANGILINAN, M.S

Adviser
_____________
Date Signed

RENATO A. DELA PENA, JR., MEdSL, NEVIES CAPILI

Member, Thesis Committee Member, Thesis Committee
_____________ _____________
Date Signed Date Signed

Chair, Thesis Committee

_____________
Date Signed

Accepted and approved as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

degree Bachelor of Science in Biology.

RAMIL V. FLORES, Ph.D.

Chair, Natural and Physical Sciences Department
_____________
Date Signed

EVA M. JAVIER, Ed.D.

Dean, College of Arts and Sciences
_____________
Date Signed
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the data from this thesis entitled QUORUM SENSING
INHIBITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLANT
SPECIES“” prepared and submitted by ISHA KUMAR, has been duly examined
and verified by the statistician whose signature is affixed below.

DENNIS B. ILEDAN, Ed.D.

Statistician

_____________
Date Signed
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author would like to deeply acknowledge and appreciate the following people
who were instrumental in the successful completion of the research

CHRISTIAN R. PANGILINAN, M.S, his thesis adviser for the support,

encouragement as well as the patience he had shown to the authors

RENATO A. DELA PENA, JR., Ms, one of the panel, for the additional
ideas, and support he has extended

NEVIS CAPILI, panel and the coordinator of the bs bio program for the
valuable suggestion and comment for the improvement of the study

Christian Pangilinan, panel and chair of bs bio program for the untiring
inspiration and suggestion

Mam malison, for her encouragement and support and all other faculty
members

Bs. biology class, especially, Osman, Abdul and Arpita for the cheers,
help and support they gave to the researcher

Mr .Anupam shukla and Mrs Manju shukla and authors siblings,

Rishabh, gargi, akshat for the support, guidance and love;

Above all to God almighty who never left the author in his most trying
times especially during the conduct of his experiment.

The Researcher
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

ABSTRACT

Title QUORUM SENSING INHIBITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL

PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES
Author ISHA KUMAR
Degree Bachelor of Science in Biology
University Manila Central University
Year 2016
Adviser

The increasing rate of multiple drug resistance bacteria (MDRBs) has led to the
search for anti-virulence compounds. Since virulence factors are mostly controlled by
Quorum sensing (QS) in bacteria thus the Quorum sensing inhibitory effect and
antibacterial property of crude extracts of three 3 plants extracts Causarina equisetifolia
(CE), Carmona retusa (CR) and Quisqalis indica (QI) were tested against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (PA) and Chromobacterium violaceum (CV). Antibacterial susceptibility
assay was done for both organisms using qualitative Agar-well diffusion method which
showed high susceptibility towards Causarina equisetifolia and Carmona
retusa. Qualitative modulation of QS activity was investigated using the agar diffusion
assay, variable concentration of the crude extract all of both the plants CA and CE
with zones of violacein inhibition ranging from 9-13mm.
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE............................................................................................. I
APPROVAL SHEET........................................ Ii
CERTIFICATION FROM THE STATISTICIAN......................................... Iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................. Iv
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................. V
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................... Vi
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................... Ix
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................... X
LIST OF APPENDICES............................................................................ xii
LIST OF PLATES..................................................................................... xiii

Chapter

1 The Problem and Its Background...................................... 1

Introduction.......................................................................... 1
Statement of the Problem…................................................ 2

Significance of the Study..................................................... 3

Scope and Delimitation........................................................ 3
Definition of Terms............................................................... 5

2 Review of Related Literature.............................................. 6

Related Literature................................................................ 6
Vegetable oil................................................................ 6
Use of vegetable oil...................................................... 7
Re- used vegetable oil……………............................... 7
Toxicology ……………………………............................ 8
Description of mouse…….............................................. 9
Mouse as model organism............................................. 10
Related studies............................................................. 10

3 Materials and Methods........................................................ 14

Research Design................................................................. 14
Research material............................................................ 14
Collection of re used oil......................................... 15
Acclamatization of mice and administration.................. 15
DNA fragmentation assay……………………………………. 16
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Statistical Analysis............................................................... 17

4 Results and Discussion...................................................... 18

Genomic integrity on bone marrow cells of white mice
treated with re used oil ……………………………… 18

Occourance of DNA smearing on the bone marrow cells of

white mice with different treatment…………………….. 21

Discussion…………………………………………………… 22

5 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation................... 23

Summary.............................................................................. 23
Conclusions......................................................................... 24
Recommendations............................................................... 24

BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................... 25
APPENDICES........................................................................................... 32
PLATES.................................................................................................... 36
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

LIST OF TABLES

Table
Page
No.

1 Analysis of variance on the produce DNA fragments from

different treatment............................................................. 20

2 Mean of DNA fragment sized of genome from bone marrow

cells of white mice...................................................................... 20
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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Page
No.

1 DNA fragment graph....................................................... 19

2 DNA fragmentation in trail 1 ………………………................. 21

3 DNA fragmentation in trail 2 ……………………………………… 21

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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

1 Data of migration of DNA fragments in trail

1......................................................... 33

2 Standard curve graph of DNA ladder

1.............................................. 33

3 Data of migration of DNA fragments in trail 2.................... 34

4 Standard curve graph of DNA Ladder

2…………………………....................................................... 34

5 Annova table 1……………………………………………… 35

6 Annova Table 2. ………………………………………………. 35

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MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERISTY
EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

LIST OF PLATES

Plate
Page
No.

1 Re used oil and tetracycline ……………………………………. 37

2 Experimental setup……....................................................... 37

3 Oral gavage administration.................................................... 37

4 Cervical dislocation..............................................................37

5 Bone marrow removal……………………………….. …………38

6 Micotubes containing bone marrow cells………………………38

7 Micro tubes containing DNA………………………………………. 38

8 Gel electrophoresis………………………………………………… 38