Ch 2: Reasoning

and Proof
Annie Strobeck, Madi Naivar, and
Sarah Nelson
Sections
➔ 2.1 Conditional Statements

➔ 2.2 Biconditionals and

Definitions

➔ 2.3 Deductive Reasoning

➔ 2.4 Reasoning in Algebra

➔ 2.5 Proving Angles Congruent

 2.1 Conditional Statements
Vocab

Conditional Statement: If something is a carrot, then it is a veggie

An “if-then” statement
Veggies
Truth Value: Is it true or ● Hypothesis
false?
○ Part following “if”
Converse: Switch ● Conclusion Carrots
position of hypothesis
○ Part following “then”
and conclusion

Venn Diagram: If something is a veggie, then it is a carrot

Diagram that proves a
conditional statement
● Is this true or false?
○ Counterexample:
 2.2 Biconditionals and Definitions
If an angles measures 90, ● One way to determine if
Vocab
something is a good definition
Biconditional: Formed then it’s a right angle
is to “reverse” it or look at the
when both a conditional
converse and see if it’s still true
and its converse are If an angle is right then it ○ Apples are fruits that grow on
true and uses phrase “if
and only if” measures 90 trees and have seeds
■ When reversed, other
things meet the definition
An angles is right if and only ○ A triangle is a polygon with 3
Label each if it measures 90 sides
A shape is a triangle if and
statement as either ■
only if it’s a polygon with 3
the conditional, ● Conditional sides
converse, or ● Converse
biconditional: ● Biconditional
 2.3 Deductive Reasoning
Vocab
Law of Detachment: If a conditional is Law of Syllogism: If p=q and q=r are
Inductive Reasoning: true and you find yourself in a true statements, then p=r is also true
Drawing conclusions situation where the hypothesis is true,
based on patterns ● If something is a carrot, then it’s a
then the conclusion is true
veggie
Deductive Reasoning:
● If something is a veggie, then it’s food
Drawing conclusions ● If the pond is frozen, then it is less
● If something is a carrot, then it’s food
based on true that 32ºF out
statements
Can we draw a conclusion if…

1. It’s 34º out

2. Parker is skating on the frozen pond
Stay
tuned for
2.4 Reasoning in Algebra
Kahoot! Symmetric prop: If a=b then b=a
Properties of Equality: Whatever you do
to one side of equation, must do on other
Transitive prop: If a=b and b=c then a=c

Addition prop: If a=b then a-c=b-c

● Replacing one entire side of = with another

Subtraction prop: If a=b then a-c=b-c

Multiplication prop: If a=b then a*c=b*c
Division prop: If a=b then a/c=b/c
Distributive prop: a(b+c)=ab+ac
Reflexive property: a=a
Substitution prop: If a=b then b can replace a in any equation or
expression
● Can replace entire side or be in middle of expression/equation
Reflexive prop of cong: <A is cong. to <A
Symmetric prop of cong: If <A is cong. to <B then <B is congruent to
<A

Transitive prop of cong: If WX is cong. to YZ and YZ is cong. to PA ten

WX is cong. to PA
Proof:

Given: <1 and <3 are vertical <s

Prove: <1 is congruent to <3
2.5 Proving Angles Congruent
Writing a proof
Theorem: A statement that can be proven true
Statements Reasons Vertical Angles Theorem: If you have vertical
angles, then they are congruent
1. <1 and <3 are vertical Given
angles Congruent Supplements Theorem: If two
angles are supplements of the same angles (or
2. m<1+m<2=180 Angle addition postulate congruent angles), then the two angles are
congruent
3. m<2+m<3=180 Angle addition postulate
Congruent Complements Theorem: If two
4. m<1+m<2=m<2+m<3 Substitution angles are complements of the same angle (or
congruent angles), then the two angles are
5. m<1=m<3 Subtraction Property congruent

2.4: All right angles are congruent

6. <1 is congruent to <3 Definition of congruence
is equal in measure 2.5: If two angles are congruent and
supplementary, then they each measure 90º