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energy statistics
A lso avai l abl e o n sm ar tpho n es an d tabl ets
2016
KEY WORLD
ENERGY
STATISTICS
nc
Czech Republic
y
Internati
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
er
France
eth
Germany
g
To
Greece
bl
e
Secu i na Hungary
re S u s t a
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Transformation
Consumption
Energy balances
Prices
Emissions
Outlook
Energy indicators
Conversion factors
Glossary
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Biofuels and waste
10.5% Other³ Biofuels and waste Other³
0.1% 10.3% 1.4%
Hydro
Hydro
Nuclear 1.8%
0.9% Nuclear 2.4%
Coal² 4.8% Coal²
24.5% 28.6%
Natural gas
16.0% Natural gas
21.2%
Oil Oil
46.2% 31.3%
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
1973 2015
Hydro Other³ Biofuels and waste Other³
2.1% 0.2% Biofuels 5.8% 2.1%
Nuclear and waste
1.3% Hydro
2.3%
Nuclear 2.2% Coal²
Coal² 9.8%
Natural gas 22.6% 18.0%
18.9%
Natural gas
Oil 26.0% Oil
52.6% 36.1%
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Non-OECD Bunkers² Africa Bunkers²
Americas Africa 3.0% 5.6% 2.7%
3.5% 3.4% Non-OECD
Asia¹ 5.5% Americas
4.7%
China 7.0% Asia¹ OECD
12.7% 38.4%
Non-OECD OECD
Europe 61.3%
and Eurasia China
15.5% Non-OECD Europe 22.4%
Middle East 0.8% and Eurasia
8.2% Middle East
5.3%
6 101 Mtoe 13 699 Mtoe
1. Asia excludes China and OECD countries of Asia.
2. Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
8
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
1973 2015
OECD Asia
Oceania OECD OECD Asia OECD
11.1% Europe Oceania Europe
36.8% 16.8% 32.3%
OECD OECD
Americas Americas
52.1% 50.9%
1973 2015
Africa Africa
10.1% 9.1%
Non-OECD Americas Non-OECD Americas
8.5% 9.4%
Asia² OECD Asia² OECD
3.2% 23.9% 3.9% 25.3%
China China
1.9% 5.0%
Middle East Middle East
Non-OECD Europe 36.7% Non-OECD Europe 31.5%
and Eurasia and Eurasia
15.7% 15.8%
2 869 Mt 4 331 Mt
1. Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons.
2. Asia excludes China and OECD countries of Asia.
10
% of
Producers Mt world
total
11
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
1973 2015
Asia
1 Non-OECD Americas Africa
1.0% Africa 1.8% Non-OECD Americas 5.8%
China 0.8% 4.9%
0.5%
Asia1
Non-OECD 9.0%
Europe OECD
and Eurasia China 36.4%
22.3% 3.7%
OECD
Middle East 71.5% Middle
2.1% Non-OECD Europe East
and Eurasia 16.0%
24.2%
12
% of
Producers bcm world
total
Total 812
1. Net exports and net imports include pipeline gas and LNG.
2015 provisional data
13
1973 2015
Non-OECD
Asia2 Americas Africa
3.9% 0.2% Non-OECD 3.5%
Africa 2.2% Americas
China 1.3%
Non-OECD
Europe and 13.6% Asia2 OECD
Eurasia 16.7% 24.7%
24.5%
Non-OECD
OECD Europe and
55.6% China Eurasia
45.7% 8.1%
3 074 Mt 7 709 Mt
1. Includes steam coal, coking coal, lignite and recovered coal.
2. Asia excludes China and OECD countries of Asia.
14
% of
Producers Mt world
total
15
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Asia1 China Other2
1.3% Asia1 3.3% 5.2% 1.6%
Non-OECD
Europe and Non-OECD
Eurasia Europe and
5.9% Eurasia
11.8%
OECD OECD
92.8% 78.1%
16
% of
Producers TWh world
total
Net installed GW
% of
United States 831 32.8 capacity nuclear
Country
France 436 17.2 United States 99 (top-ten in total
producers) domestic
Russian Federation 181 7.1 France 63 electricity
Korea 156 6.2 Japan 42 generation
People’s Rep. of China 133 5.2 Russian Federation 25 France 78.4
Canada 108 4.3 People’s Rep. of China 24 Ukraine 48.6
Germany 97 3.8
Korea 21 Sweden 42.3
Ukraine 88 3.5
Germany 14 Korea 28.7
Sweden 65 2.6
Canada 14 United States 19.2
United Kingdom 64 2.5
Ukraine 13 United Kingdom 19.0
Rest of the world 376 14.8 Sweden 9 Russian Federation 17.0
World 2 535 100.0 Canada 16.4
Rest of the world 60
2014 data Germany 15.6
World 384
People’s Rep. of China 2.3
2014 data
Rest of the world1 9.4
Sources: IEA,
International Atomic World 10.7
1. Excludes countries Energy Agency.
with no nuclear production. 2014 data
17
1973 2014
Non-OECD Americas Africa 2.3% Non-OECD Africa 3.2%
6.8% Americas
Asia2 4.3% 17.0%
China 2.9% OECD
36.8%
Asia2
Non-OECD 8.0%
Europe and OECD
Eurasia China Middle East
71.8% 26.7%
11.6% 0.5%
Middle East
0.3% Non-OECD
Europe and Eurasia 7.8%
18
% of
Producers TWh world
total
Net installed % of
GW
People’s Rep. of China 1 064 26.7 capacity Country hydro
(top-ten in total
Canada 383 9.6 People’s Rep. of China 311 domestic
producers)
Brazil 373 9.4 United States 102 electricity
generation
United States 282 7.1 Brazil 89
Russian Federation 177 4.4 Canada 76 Norway 96.0
Norway 137 3.4 Russian Federation 51 Venezuela 68.3
India 132 3.3 Japan 50 Brazil 63.2
Venezuela 87 2.2 India 40 Canada 58.3
Japan 87 2.2 Norway 31 People’s Rep. of China 18.7
France 69 1.7 France 25 Russian Federation 16.7
19
m 3 000
2 500
a 2 000
t 1 500
i 1 000
500
o 0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
n
LPG/ethane/naphtha Motor gasoline Aviation fuels
Middle distillates Fuel oil Other products
1973 2014
Other products LPG/ethane/naphtha Other products LPG/ethane/naphtha
9.2% 5.8% 13.2% 9.2%
Motor Fuel oil
gasoline 11.8% Motor
21.0% gasoline
23.8%
Fuel oil
33.8% Middle
Middle Aviation fuels
distillates 4.2% distillates
26.0% 35.1% Aviation fuels
6.9%
2 719 Mt 3 959 Mt
20
21
m 3 000
a
2 000
t
i 1 000
o 0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
n
OECD Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
China Asia2 Non-OECD Americas Africa
1973 2014
Non-OECD Americas Africa 2.7%
8.8% Africa 1.8% Non-OECD
Americas
Asia2 3.3% 6.3%
China 1.5%
Asia2
Non-OECD 12.2%
Europe and China
12.5% OECD
Eurasia 48.5%
13.9% OECD
67.0%
Middle East Non-OECD
3.7% Europe and Eurasia
9.5% Middle East 8.3%
2 739 Mt 4 045 Mt
1. Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons.
2. Asia excludes China and OECD countries of Asia.
22
Total 2 088
23
1973 2014
Nuclear 3.3% Nuclear 10.6%
Natural gas Natural gas
12.1% 21.6%
Hydro
20.9% Hydro
Oil 16.4%
Other2 Oil
24.8%
0.6% 4.3%
Coal3 Coal3 Other2
38.3% 40.8% 6.3%
24
World 5 155
2014 data
1. In this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal.
25
i 8 000
o 4 000
n 0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Asia2 Non-OECD Americas Non-OECD Americas Africa
2.6% 2.7% 5.1% 3.2%
Africa
China 1.8% Asia2
2.9% 11.0%
Non-OECD
Europe and
Eurasia OECD
China 45.2%
16.7% OECD 24.0%
Middle East 72.8%
0.5% Non-OECD Europe
and Eurasia 7.3% Middle
East 4.2%
26
Total 356
*1. Gross production minus production from pumped storage plants. 2014 data
27
4 000
2 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Electricity Other4 Other4 Coal²
9.4% 1.7% 3.3% 11.4%
Biofuels and Coal²
waste³ 13.5% Electricity
13.1% 18.1%
Biofuels and
waste³ Oil
Oil 12.2% 39.9%
Natural gas 48.3%
14.0% Natural gas
15.1%
1973 2014
Biofuels and Electricity 11.5% Other² Coal¹
waste 3.0% 1.8% 3.1%
Other² 0.7%
Natural gas Coal¹
17.7% Electricity
10.8% 22.1%
Biofuels Oil
and waste 47.2%
Oil 5.5% Natural gas
56.3% 20.3%
29
n 6 000
4 000
2 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Non-OECD Africa 3.7% Bunkers³ 3.9%
Americas 3.6% Bunkers³ 4.0% Africa 5.9%
Non-OECD
Asia² 6.3% Americas 5.0%
1973 2014
OECD
OECD OECD Europe
Europe OECD 32.3%
Asia Asia
Oceania 36.3%
Oceania
10.7% 15.9%
OECD OECD
Americas Americas
53.0% 51.8%
31
400
200
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Non-energy use Non-energy use
1.0% 5.5%
Other2
Other2 Transport 14.4%
37.7% 0.3%
Industry
Industry
56.3%
79.8%
Transport 5.0%
32
1973 2014
Non-energy use Non-energy use
11.6% Industry
16.2%
8.0%
Industry
19.9%
Other1
23.1% Other1
11.3%
Transport Transport
45.4% 64.5%
33
n 900
600
300
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Non-energy use Non-energy use
2.8% 11.3%
Other1 Industry
39.8% Industry 38.6%
54.7% Other1
43.2%
Transport 6.9%
Transport 2.7%
34
1973 2014
Other1 Industry
44.2% Industry Other1 42.5%
53.4% 56.0%
Transport Transport
2.4% 1.5%
35
36
37
Oil products
Average Rotterdam oil
product spot prices in USD/barrel
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 Jan-10 Jan-12 Jan-14 Jan-16
40
Natural gas
Average natural gas import prices
in USD/MBtu
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
41
Australia .. .. .. 0.985
Austria 267.99 602.36 0.641 1.164
Belgium 197.66 449.69 0.999 1.404
Canada 186.00 670.45 .. 0.766
Chile .. 812.73 .. 0.992
Czech Republic 222.26 548.52 0.878 1.105
Denmark 414.56 1 160.09 0.962 1.481
Estonia .. 679.46 0.886 1.097
Finland .. 713.66 1.007 1.464
France 300.68 628.33 0.948 1.388
Germany 180.15 473.71 0.912 1.360
Greece 287.05 790.71 0.887 1.463
Hungary 308.79 x 0.850 1.113
Ireland 557.30 563.37 0.958 1.348
Israel c 1 518.80 c 1.575
Italy 286.54 1 137.12 1.099 1.536
Japan 430.12 542.46 0.720 0.991
Korea 365.53 646.26 .. 1.444
Luxembourg .. 422.91 0.822 1.141
Mexico 129.37 x 0.660 0.774
Netherlands 452.60 911.50 0.965 1.555
New Zealand 233.05 .. 0.391 1.222
Norway .. 1 008.24 1.062 1.528
Poland 320.29 603.75 0.783 1.017
Portugal 513.72 984.24 1.064 1.459
Slovak Republic 195.93 .. 0.900 1.283
Slovenia x 737.96 0.907 1.265
Spain 249.71 546.44 0.861 1.215
Sweden 764.59 .. 1.179 1.464
Switzerland .. 636.28 1.098 1.341
Turkey 435.70 916.76 1.191 1.444
United Kingdom c 509.73 1.216 1.454
United States 216.28 544.30 0.547 0.567
1. Prices are for 1st quarter 2016 or latest available quarter for oil products, and annual 2015 for other products.
2. Low sulphur fuel oil; high sulphur fuel oil for Canada, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the United
States.
3. For commercial purposes.
42 4. Unleaded premium gasoline (95 RON); unleaded regular for Japan.
43
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
1973 2014
Natural gas Other4 Other4
14.4% 0.1% 0.5%
Natural gas
Coal3 19.7%
35.6% Coal3
45.9%
Oil Oil
49.9% 33.9%
44
30 000
o
25 000
n
20 000
s
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
OECD Africa Non-OECD Americas Asia3 China
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Middle East Bunkers
1973 2014
Non-OECD Non-OECD Europe
Americas Asia3 3.0% China
5.7% and Eurasia 7.6%
2.5%
Africa Non-OECD Europe Middle
and Eurasia 15.9% China
1.8% 28.2% East 5.3%
Middle Bunkers
OECD East 0.8% Asia3
11.8% OECD 3.5%
66.6% Bunkers 36.6%
3.7% Non-OECD
Americas 3.6%
Africa 3.4%
1. World includes international aviation and marine bunkers, which are shown together as Bunkers.
2. CO2 emissions from fuel combustion are based on the IEA energy balances
and on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, excluding emissions from non-energy.
3. Asia excludes China and OECD countries of Asia.
45
Industry Industry
Buildings 31.3% Buildings 31.4%
and and
agriculture agriculture
32.4% 33.0%
Transport Transport
27.8% 26.0%
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
kb/cd thousand barrels per calendar day t metric ton = tonne = 1 000 kg
65
1. OECD includes Estonia and Slovenia starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for these two countries are
included in Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia.
2. Note by Turkey:
The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island.
There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey
recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is
found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus
issue”.
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:
The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey.
The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of
the Republic of Cyprus.
3. Serbia includes Kosovo from 1990 to 1999 and Montenegro from 1990 to 2004.
4. Latvia was not an OECD Member at the time of the preparation of this publication. Accordingly, Latvia
does not appear in the list of OECD Members and is still included in the non-OECD aggregate.
5. The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010, resulting in two new constituent
countries, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, with the other islands joining the Netherlands. However, due to a
lack of detailed data, the IEA secretariat’s data and estimates under the Netherlands Antilles still refer to
the whole territory of the Netherlands Antilles as it was known prior to 10 October 2010 up to the end of
2011. Data refer only to the island of Curaçao from 2012. The other islands of the former Netherlands
Antilles are added to Other Non-OECD Americas from 2012.
Note: The countries listed above are those for which the IEA secretariat has direct statistics contacts.
This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation
of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. In this publication
“country” refers to country or territory, as the case may be.
66
67
68
69
70
This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD
governments for up-to-date information on prices and taxes in national
and international energy markets. It contains crude oil import prices by
crude stream, industry prices and consumer prices. The end-user prices
for OECD member countries cover main petroleum products, gas, coal
and electricity. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods
and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Time series
availability varies with each data series.
Published Quarterly - Price: single edition Print €120;
annual subscription Print € 380;
single edition PDF €96;
annual subscription PDF € 304
71
All the annual and quarterly online databases are also accessible over
the internet on a pay-per-view basis. The databases can be accessed
either for a single data point or for time series.
72
The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of
historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA
monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service
comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber
service on the Internet. The data are available at the same time as the
official release of the Oil Market Report.
The packages include:
• Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks Price: €6 150
• Trade Price: €2 050
• Field-by-Field Supply Price: €3 150
• Complete Service Price: €9 200
The Monthly Gas Data Service provides monthly natural gas data for
OECD countries:
• Supply balances in terajoules and cubic metres;
• Production, trade, stock changes and levels where available, gross
inland deliveries, own use and losses;
• Highly detailed trade data with about 50 import origins and export
destinations;
• LNG trade detail available from January 2002;
• From 2011 onwards, transit volumes are included and trade data
corresponds to entries/exits.
The databases cover the time period January 1984 to current month with
a time lag of two months for the most recent data.
• Monthly Gas Data Service: Natural Gas Balances & Trade
Historical plus 12 monthly updates Price: €800
A description of this service is available on our website:
www.iea.org/statistics/mgds
73
Note: The prices quoted for Electronic Editions are for single-user licences.
Please contact us for information on multi-user licence prices.
For more information, please feel free to contact the Energy Data
Centre of the IEA at stats@iea.org
74
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Oil Market Report
76
The successful outcome of COP21 has raised hopes and expectations of concerted
global efforts to tackle climate change, but how will this affect the efficiency and carbon
footprint of the energy sector? When and how will market dynamics change for oil,
natural gas and coal – or might lower prices for some fuels be here to stay? How can
governments address the impact of local pollution, often energy-related, on air quality?
The World Energy Outlook 2016 (WEO-2016) series – including a special report in June
and the full Outlook in November – will seek to shed light on these questions and more,
all with the customary mix of rigorous quantitative modelling and insightful analysis. The
WEO-2016 series will include a particular focus on the following topical issues:
The impact of COP21: WEO-2016 will track progress with the implementation of the
different country climate pledges made in Paris and judge what they mean for long-
term energy trends. Based on this assessment, it will examine and present policy
options to bridge the gap and reach climate objectives in full.
Major focus on renewables: renewable energy is vital to steer the energy system to
the lowcarbon future envisioned in the Paris agreement. This analysis will assess the
rapid improvement in the competitiveness and economics of renewables, relative to
fossil-fuels and other low carbon options, as well as the opportunities and questions
that a rising share of renewable energy open up for the energy system as a whole.
The road ahead for fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas remain the bedrock of
global energy use but all face an uncertain period of adjustment, both to today’s
market conditions and – over the longer term – to the prospect of a new policy
landscape post-COP21. With lower prices bringing down the axe on many new
projects, WEO-2016 will assess the impact on tomorrow’s market balances and the
different pathways and risks that lie further ahead.
Mexico’s energy outlook: the comprehensive energy reform package passed in
Mexico will have profound effects on the country’s energy sector development. This
analysis will evaluate the potential impact of the reforms for Mexico’s upstream as
well as its power sector and wider economy.
Energy and water: are interdependent. This analysis will assess current and future
freshwater requirements for energy production and the amount of energy required for
the water sector, highlighting potential vulnerabilities and key stress points.
Special Report on Energy and Air Pollution (Released in June 2016): Energy-
related air pollution leads to millions of premature deaths and costs the global
economy trillions of dollars each year; with growing demand for energy services in
the future, the already high costs of air pollution risk increasing dramatically. This
special report, the first of its kind, will provide new analysis to help decision-makers
tackle an issue of pressing social and political concern.
For more information please visit our website:
www.worldenergyoutlook.org
Order now at www.iea.org/books
or by emailing books@iea.org Price: €150
77