Exercise 13.

2 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 400

Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.1

Question # 1
Prove that:
−1 5 7 253
(1) sin + sin −1 = cos −1
13 25 325
5 7
Solution L.H.S = sin −1 + sin −1
13 25
(
∵ sin −1 A + sin −1 B = sin −1 A 1 − B 2 + B 1 − A2 )
5  7 
2
7  5  
2

= sin −1
 1−   + 1−  
 13  25  25  13  

5 49 7 25 
= sin −1  1− + 1− 
 13 625 25 169 
 5 576 7 144  −1  5  24  7  12  
= sin −1  +  = sin    +   
 13 625 25 169   13  25  25  13  
 120 84  −1  204 
= sin −1  +  = sin  
 325 325   325 
π  204  π
= − cos −1   ∵ sin −1
θ = − cos −1 θ
2  325  2
 204  π
= cos −1 ( 0 ) − cos   ∵ = cos −1 (0)
 325  2
∵ cos−1 A − cos−1 B = cos −1  AB + 1 − A2 1 − B 2 
( )( )

 2 
 204  2   204   
−1 
= cos ( 0 ) 
  325 
( )
 + 1 − ( 0 ) 1 −   
   325   
  41616     64009  
= cos −1  0 + (1 − 0 ) 1 −  = cos −1
 (1)   
  105625    105625 
   
 64009  −1 253
= cos −1   = cos = R.H.S
 105625  325
Question # 2
1 1 9
Prove that: tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1  
4 5  19 
1 1
Solution L.H.S = tan −1 + tan −1
4 5
FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 2

 1 +1 
= tan −1 4 5  ∵ tan −1 A + tan −1 B = tan −1  A + B 
1− 1 1   
 ( )( )
4 5 
 1 − AB 

 9   9 
= tan 
−1 20  = tan  20 
−1

1− 1   19 
 20   20 
9
= tan −1   = R.H.S
 19 
Question # 3
Prove that:
2 12
2 tan −1 = sin −1
3 13
Solution Suppose
12
α = sin −1 ……………… (i)
13
12
⇒ sin α =
13
2
2  12  144 25 5
Now cosα = 1 − sin α = 1 −   = 1 − = =
 13  169 169 13

α 1 − cosα 1− 5 8
Now tan = = 13 = 13 = 8 = 4 = 2
2 1 + cosα 1+ 5 18 18 9 3
13 13
α 2 2
⇒ = tan −1   ⇒ α = 2 tan −1 ……………… (ii)
2 3 3
from (i) and (ii)
2 12
2 tan −1 = sin −1 proved.
3 13

Question # 4
Prove that:
120 12
tan −1 = 2cos −1
119 13
Solution Suppose
120
α = tan −1 ………………… (i)
119
120
⇒ tan α =
119
Now secα = 1 + tan 2 α

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 FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 3

2
 120  14400
= 1+   = 1+
 119  14161
28561 169
= =
14161 119
1 1 119
So cosα = = =
secα 169 169
119
α 1 + cosα 1 + 119 288
288 144 12
Now cos = = 169 = 169 = = =
2 2 2 2 2 × 169 169 13
α 12 12
⇒ = cos −1 ⇒ α = 2cos −1 ………………… (ii)
2 13 13
From (i) and (ii)
120 12
tan −1 = 2cos −1 proved.
119 13
Question # 5
Prove that:
1 π
sin −1 + cot −1 3 =
5 4
Solution Suppose
1
α = sin −1 ………………… (i)
5
1
⇒ sin α =
5
2

Now cosα = 1 − sin α 2

= 1 −  1  = 1 − 1 = 4 = 2
 5 5 5 5
1
sin α 5 =1
So tan α = =
cosα 2 2
5
⇒ α = tan −1 1 ………………… (ii)
2
From (i) and (ii)
1 1
sin −1 = tan −1
5 2
1 1
Now cot −1 3 = tan −1 ∵ cot −1 x = tan −1
3 x
1
And L.H.S = sin −1 + cot −1 3
5

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FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 4

1 1
= tan −1 + tan −1
2 3
 1 +1   5 
−1  
= tan 2 3 = tan  6 
−1
1− 1 1 
 ( )( )
2 3 
1− 1 
 6
5  π
= tan  6  = tan −1 (1) =
−1
= R.H.S proved.
5  4
 6
Question # 6
Prove that:
3 8  77 
sin −1 + sin −1 = sin −1  
5 17  85 
3 8
Solution L.H.S = sin −1 + sin −1
5 17
3 2 8 2 
= sin −1  1 − 8
5
17 ( ) +
17
1− 3( )
5 

3 64 8 9  
−1 3 225 8 16 
= sin −1  1 − + 1−  = sin  + 
 5 289 17 25   5 289 17 25 
 3  15  8  4    45 32 
= sin −1    +    = sin −1  + 
 5  17  17  5    85 85 
 77 
= sin −1   = R.H.S proved.
 85 
Question # 7
Prove that:
77 3  15 
sin −1 − sin −1 = cos −1  
85 5  17 
77 3
Solution L.H.S = sin −1 − sin −1
85 5
π 77   π 3 π
=  − cos −1  −  − cos −1  ∵ sin −1 x = − cos −1 x
2 85   2 5 2
π 77 π 3 3 77
= − cos −1 − + cos −1 = cos −1 − cos −1
2 85 2 5 5 85
  3  77  1 − 77 2  
= cos −1     + 1 − 3
2

  5  85   5  ( )
85  

( )
 231
= cos −1 
 425
+ (1 − 9 25)(1 − 5929 7225) 
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 FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 5

 231 
= cos −1 
 425
+ 16 ( 25 )(
1296
7225  )
 231 20736  −1  231 144 
= cos −1  +  = cos  + 
 425 180625   425 425 
 375  −1  15 
= cos −1   = cos   = L.H.S
 425   17 
Question # 8
Prove that:
63 1 3
cos −1 + 2 tan −1 = sin −1  
65 5 5
63
Solution Suppose α = cos −1 ………………… (i)
65
63
⇒ cosα =
65
2 3969 256 16
Now sin α = 1 − cos 2 α = 1 − 63 ( 65 )
= 1−
4225
= =
4225 65
 16 
⇒ α = sin −1   ………………… (ii)
 65 
So from equation (i) and (ii)
 63   16 
cos −1   = sin −1  
 65   65 
1
Now suppose β = tan −1 ………………… (iii)
5
⇒ tan β = 1
5
2
2 1 1 26 26
So secα = 1 + tan α = 1 +   = 1 + = =
5 25 25 5
1 1 5
So cos β = = =
sec β 26 26
5
sin β
As = tan β ⇒ sin β = tan β ⋅ cos β
cos β
 1  5  1
⇒ sin β =     =
 5   26  26
1
⇒ β = sin −1 ………………… (iv)
26
From (iii) and (iv)
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FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 6

1 1
tan −1 = sin −1
5 26
63 1
Now L.H.S = cos −1 + 2 tan −1
65 5
16 1 16  1 1 
= sin −1 + 2sin −1 = sin −1 +  sin −1 + sin −1 
65 26 65  26 26 
  1 
2
 1  
2
−1 16 −1  1 1
= sin + sin 1−   + 1−  
65  26  26  26  26  
 
16  1 1 1 1 
= sin −1 + sin −1  1− + 1− 
65  26 26 26 26 
16  1 25 1 25 
= sin −1 + sin −1  + 
65  26 26 26 26 
16  1 5 1 5 
= sin −1 + sin −1  ⋅ + ⋅ 
65  26 26 26 26 
16  5 5  16 5
= sin −1 + sin −1  +  = sin −1 + sin −1  
65  26 26  65  13 
  5
2
 16  
2
−1 16 5
= sin  1−   + 1−   
 65  
13 13  65  

 16 25 5 256 
= sin −1  1− + 1− 
 65 169 13 4225 
 16 25 5 256  
−1 16 144 5 3969 
= sin −1  1− + 1−  = sin  + 
 65 169 13 4225   65 169 13 4225 
 16 144 5 3969  −1  16  12  5  63  
= sin −1  +  = sin    +   
 65 169 13 4225   65  13  13  65  
 192 315  −1  3 
= sin −1  +  = sin   = R.H.S
 845 845  5
Question # 9
Prove that:
3 3 8 π
tan −1 + tan −1 − tan −1 =
4 5 19 4
3 3 8
Solution L.H.S = tan −1 + tan −1 − tan −1
4 5 19

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 FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 7

 3 +3 
= tan −1
 4 5  − tan −1 8
 ( )( )
1− 3
4
3
5 
 19
 27   27 
−1 8 8
= tan −1
 20  − tan = tan  20  − tan −1
−1

1− 9  19  11  19
 20   20 
 27 − 8 
−1  27  −1  8 
= tan   − tan   = tan  −1 11 19 
 11   19 
 (
 1 + 27 )( )
11
8 
19 
 425   425 
= tan 
−1 209  = tan −1 209 
 1 + 216   1 + 216 
 209   209 
 425 
= tan −1
 209  = tan −1 (1) = π = R.H.S proved.
 425  4
 209 
Question # 10
Do Yourself
Question # 11
Prove that:
1 5 1 1
tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1 + tan −1
11 6 3 2
1 5
Solution L.H.S = tan −1 + tan −1
11 6
= Solve this …………….. (i)
1 1
R.H.S = tan −1 + tan −1
3 2
= Solve this ………………. (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S
Question # 12
Prove that:
1 1 π
2 tan −1 + tan −1 =
3 7 4
1 1
Solution L.H.S = 2 tan −1 + tan −1
3 7
1 1 1
= tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1
3 3 7

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FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 8

 1 1 
−1
 3+3  1
= tan   + tan −1
11 7
1− 
 33
 1+1 
  1
= tan −1  3  + tan −1
1 7
1− 
 9
 2 
  1
= tan −1  3  + tan −1
9 −1 7
 
 9 
2
  1
= tan −1  3  + tan −1
8 7
 
9
 2×9  −1 1
= tan −1   + tan
 3× 8  7
 3 1 
−1  3  −1 1
 4+7 
= tan   + tan ⇒ tan 
−1

4 7 3 1
1− × 
 4 7
 21 + 4   25 
   
= tan −1  28  ⇒ tan −1  28 
3 28 − 3
 1−   
 28   28 
 25 
 
= tan −1  28  ⇒ tan −1 (1)
25
 
 28 
π
= = R.H .S .
4
Question # 13
Show that:
cos ( sin −1 x ) = 1 − x 2
Solution Suppose y = sin −1 x
⇒ sin y = x
Since cos y = 1 − sin 2 y = 1 − x2

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 FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 9

⇒ cos ( sin −1 x ) = 1 − x 2 Proved

Question # 14
Show that:
sin ( 2cos −1 x ) = 2 x 1 − x 2
Solution Suppose y = cos −1 x
Then cos y = x
Also sin y = 1 − cos 2 y = 1 − x 2
Now sin ( 2cos −1 x ) = sin ( 2 y )
= 2sin y ⋅ cos y
= 2 1 − x2 ⋅ x
= 2x 1 − x2
Question # 15
Show that:
cos ( 2sin −1 x ) = 1 − 2 x 2
Solution Suppose y = sin −1 x ⇒ sin y = x
& cos y = 1 − sin 2 y = 1 − x 2
Now cos ( 2sin −1 x ) = cos 2 y
= cos 2 y − sin 2 y
2
= ( 1 − x2 ) − x =1− x − x
2 2 2

= 1 − 2x 2 Proved
Question # 16
Show that:
tan −1 (− x) = − tan −1 x
Solution Suppose y = tan −1 (− x) …………….. (i)
⇒ tan y = − x ⇒ − tan y = x
⇒ tan(− y ) = x ∵ − tan θ = tan(−θ )
⇒ − y = tan −1 x
⇒ y = − tan −1 x ………………. (ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
tan −1 (− x) = − tan −1 x Proved
Question # 17
Do yourself as above
Question # 18
Show that:

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FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 10

cos −1 (− x) = π − cos −1 x
Solution Suppose y = π − cos −1 x ………………… (i)
⇒ π − y = cos −1 x ⇒ cos(π − y ) = x
⇒ cos π cos y + sin π sin y ) = x ⇒ (−1)cos y + (0)sin y ) = x
⇒ − cos y + 0 = x ⇒ − cos y = x
⇒ cos y = − x ⇒ y = cos −1 (− x) ………… (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
cos −1 (− x) = π − cos −1 x Proved
Question # 19
Show that:
x
tan ( sin −1 x ) =
1 − x2
Solution Suppose y = sin −1 x ⇒ sin y = x
Now cos y = 1 − sin 2 y = 1 − x 2
sin y x
& tan y = =
cos y 1 − x2
x
Now tan ( sin −1 x ) = tan y = proved
1 − x2

Question # 20
1
Given that x = sin −1 , find the values of the following trigonometric functions:
2
sin x,cos x, tan x,cot x,sec x and csc x .
1 1
Solution Since x = sin −1 ⇒ sin x =
2 2
2
Now cos x = 1 − sin 2 x = 1 − 1 ( 2) = 1− 1
4
= 3
4
= 3
2
sin x 1
2 1 1 1
tan x = = 3
= , cot x = = = 3
cos x 2 3 tan x 1 3
1 1 2 1 1
sec x = = 3 = , cosec x = = =2
cos x 2 3 sin x 12

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Book: Exercise 13.2 (Page 400)

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 FSc I / Ex 13.2 - 11

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI

Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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