MATHEMATICS SOLUTIONS OF

"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"

Target : JEE (IITs)
TOPIC : CONIC SECTION
PART - I 3.  y2 = 8x
1. Let the equation of line PQ be y = mx + c  focus : (2, 0)
by homoginisation  radius = SP = 1 8 = 3
 y  mx  4amx 4axy 2  equation of required circle is (x – 2)2 + y2 = 9
y2 = 4ax    y2 + – =0 y
 c  c c
P
It is the equation of  r lines passing through 0(0,
0), 2

then coefficient of x 2 + coefficient of y2 = 0 o x

S
(2, 0)
4am common chord x =1
Hence 1 + =0 Q
c
m 1 4. Let the parabola
=– .........(1) y2 = 4ax , extremitis of latus rectum
c 4a
P(a, 2a) Q(a, – 2a)
y = mx + c cuts the x-axis
2a
 c  c m OP = =2
at R   , 0   OR = – = 4a [from (i)] a
 m  m
m OQ =–2
Hence OR = 4a = Latus Rectum
2. Tangent of slope ‘m’ to the parabola y2 = 4x is
by symmetric  = 2
1
y = mx + it should be chord of the circle ps 2a
m also tan  = = =2
so a
x 2 + y2 = 4 whose
centre (0, 0) and radius = 2 then now 3 <2< 2 +1
1
Line y – mx – = 0 is a chord so  3
m i.e. tan < 2 < tan
3 8
0  0  1/ m  3
2 <2 i.e. < tan–1 2 <
1 m 3 8

1 2 3
< 4(1 + m ) 2 4
 4m + 4m – 1 > 0 2 so < 2 tan–1 2 <
3 4
m2
m2 = t 2 3
4t2 + 4t – 1 > 0 i.e. <<
3 4
 1  2   2 1  5. Let P(, 0) and Q(, 0) also ,  are roots of
 t   ,  2    2 ,  
   ax 2 + bx + c = 0
   
2
c b
But t = m so  = and  +  = –
a a
 2 1  OT 2 = OP. OQ
hence m 2   2 ,  
 
  T

 2  1   2 1 
  ,  
m    ,  2    2 O
P Q
   

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 1

 c k3 k
OT =  = – a 3 – (2a – h) + k = 0
a a a

6. y2 – 2y – 2x – 1 = 0 k
y2 – 2y + 1 = 2x + 2  – (k 2 + a(2a – h) – a2 ) = 0 ( k  0)
a2
(y – 1)2 = 2(x + 1)
y2 = a(x – a)
Normal of slope ‘m’
(y – 1) = m(x + 1) – 2am – am 3 9. P (h, k)
SS1 = T 2
1
at (–2, 2) and a = (y2 – 4x) (k 2 – 4h) = (yk – 2(x + h))2
2  y2 k 2 – 4hy2 – 4xk 2 + 16xh
m3 = y2 k 2 + 4(x + h)2 – 4yk (x + h)
1 = m (–1) – m –  – hy2 – xk 2 + 4hx = (x 2 + h2 + 2xh) – yk(x + h)
2  x 2 + hy2 + x(k 2 – 2h) – kxy – khy = 0
m3  m1  m 2
1 = – 2m – 1 + 2 = now tan (1 + 2) = 1  m m
2 4 1 2
2 = – 4m – m 3  m 3 + 4m + 2 = 0 2 2
now the homogeneous part is x + hy – kxy = 0
only one real value of ‘m’ hence only one normal
y
is divide by x 2 and put =m
poss ible as the above is a m onotonic ally x
increasing we have hm 2 – km + 1 = 0
function of m. k 1
i.e. m 1 + m 2 = and m 1 . m 2 = putting
7. Slope of normal at point P(t1) is h h
m = tan  = – t1 we have
Normal cuts again at point Q(t2)
k
2 
then t2 = – t1 – t h k
 1= =  x–y =1
1 1 h 1
 t1 t2 = – (t12 + 2) ............(i) 1
h
1
Slope of tangent at point t2 is t . 10. y2 = 4ax.....(i)
2  slopes of the two normals at the points P(t1) and
then the angle at which the normal cuts again is Q(t2) are – t1 and – t2 respectively
say  this is the angle between the normal at t1  (–t1) (–t2) = – 1  t1t2 = –1
and  equation of chord joining P(t1) and Q(t2) is
tangent at t2, then using (i) and (ii) 2x – y (t1 + t2) + 2at1t2 = 0
 2x – y (t1 + t2) – 2a = 0
 t 1  1/ t 2  t1 t 2  1 t t 1
tan  = = 1 2  (2x – 2a) – (t1 + t2) (y) = 0 .......(ii)
1  t1 / t 2 t 2  t1 t 2  t1 (ii) will always pass through (a, 0)

t1  tan   11. x2 = – 4ay .......(i)

= (using (i))   = tan–1  
2  2  x2 = 4by .......(ii)
Let mid-point of AB be P(h, k)
8. Let point P be (h, k). equation of normal  equation of chord AB is T = S1
y = mx – 2am – am 3 x(h) – 2b (y + k) = h2 – 4bk
k = mh – 2a.m – am 3  (2b)y = xh + 2bk – h2
am 3 + m(2a – h) + k = 0 ........(1)
m1 + m2 + m3 = 0  h  2bk – h 2
 y=   x+ .......(iii)
2a  h  2b  2b
 m1 m 2 =
a  (iii) is a tangent to (i)  C = – AM2
k 2bk – h 2 h2
m1 m2 m3 = – = – (–a)
a 
2b 4b 2
given m 1 m 2 = 1 as if m 1 = tan  ,
then m 2 = tan (90 – ) = cot  ah 2
 2bk – h2 =
k 2b
m3 = – in equation ........(2) locus of P(h, k) is (a + 2b) x2 = 4b2y
a
putting (2) in (1)

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 2

 2 2 2
x1 y1  cos   cos   cos  
 + = 
a2 b2  3 
2 2 2
 sin   sin   sin   9 x1 9 y1
+    2 +
 3  a b2
= 1 + 1 + 1+ 2 [cos cos + cos cos  + cos cos
 + sin sin + sin  sin  + sin sin ]
 cos cos+ sin  sin
2 2
12. y2 = 4ax.......(i) 9 x1 9 y1 3
Let (am12, – 2am1)  (4a, – 4a)  m1 = 2 = 2 + 2 –
2a 2b 2
and (am22, – 2am2)  (9a, – 6a)  m2 = 3
Let slope of the third normal be m3 15. Equation of direc tor c ircles of ellipse and
 m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 hyperbola
 m3 = – 5 are respectively. x 2 + y2 = a2 + b2
2 2 2 2
 equation of third normal is and x + y = a – b
y = m3 x – 2am3 – am33 a2 + b2 = 4r2 ......(1)
y = – 5x – 2a (– 5) – a (–125) a2 – b2 = r2 ......(2)
5x + y – 135a = 0 So 2a2 = 5r2

x2 y2 5r 2
13. Let equation of ellipse is + = 1 (a > b) a2 =
a2 b2 2
Here chord is given by 5r 2
b2 = 4r2 –
x   y     2
cos   + sin   = cos  
a  2  b  2   2 
3r 2 b2
b2 =  e e2 = 1 –
2 a2
it passes through (ae, 0)
    3r 2 2 3 2
 e e2 = 1 – × =1– =
 e cos   = cos   2 5r 2 5 5
 2   2 
b2 3 8
 
2 cos  
   e h2 = 1 + 2  e h2 = 1 + =
sin   a 5 5
 2 2   2  sin   sin 
e= × = sin (  )
   8 2 30
2 cos   sin   So 4eh2 – ee2 = 4 × – = =6
 2 2   2  5 5 5

16. 6 cos 2 + 2 sin2 = 4

(acos, asin) 2 + 4 cos 2 = 4
4 cos 2 = 2
(ae,0) 1 
cos = ±  = n± , n I
2 4
(acos, asin)
 3 5 7
So  = , , or
a 4 4 4 4
14. Now x 1 = (cos  + cos  + cos )
3 17. The straight line 2x – 3y = 6 meets the x-axis at
A  (3, 0) and the straight line 4x + 5y = 20 meets
the y-axis at B  (0, 4)
Thus, for the given ellipse, we have
9 7
eccentricity e = 1 = .
16 4
x2 y2
b 18. Equation of the given ellipse is + =1
y1 = [sin  + sin  + sin ] 4 3
3
Equation of a tangent to the ellipse at any point

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 3

 xh yk
(h, k) on the ellipse, is
+ =1 b2
4 3  e= = 1 – e2  e2 + e – 1 = 0
Comparing it with the equation of the given a2
tangent,
we have 5 1
gives e= [ e must be + ve]
2
1/ 2 1/ 2
h k  3h 2  4k 2   12 
= =  2

2  =   21. 2x – 3y = 6m .......(i)
4 3  3 . 4  4.3   84 
6
[ (h, k) lies on the ellipse 3h2 + 4k 2 = 12] & 2x + 3y = .......(ii)
m
gives h = 4 / 7 and – 3 / 7 (i) × (ii)  4x 2 – 9y2 = 36
2 2
 4   3  5 x2 y2
So distance =      = –  =1
 7  7 7 9 4
 Required Locus is a hyperbola.
x2 y2
19. The given ellipse + =1 x2 y2
a2 a 2b 2 22. Let hyperbola be =1 .......(i)
2 –
a b2
2
has eccentricity e = 1 b
 (1) passes through (3, 0) & (3 2 , 2)
Thus, if P(h, k) be the ends of the latus rectum of
the ellipse, then we have 9
 =1  a2 = 9 .......(ii)
2 a2
h = ± ae = ± a 1 b ........(1)
9 .2 4
a 2b 2 & – 2 = 1  b2 = 4 .......(iii)
andk = ± = ± ab2 ........(2) 9 b
a  By (i), (ii) & (iii) we have hyperbola as
Eliminating b from equations (1) and (2), we have
x2 y2
h 2
k  – =1
1– =± 9 4
a2 a
i.e. h ± ak = a2
2 b2 4 13
 e= 1 = 1 =
Hence, equation of the required locus is a2 9 3
x 2 ± ay = a2
20. The figure shows two ellipses En – 1 and En. b2 25  b 2
23. For ellipse a2 = 16  e = 1 2 =
The eccentricity is given to be independent of n, a 5
implies that the ratio of minor axis to the major
 2 
axis,  focii  (± ae, 0) =   25  b , 0 
is same for all the ellipses.  

C b2 5
For hyperbola, e = 1 2 =
En a 4
B
 focii  (± ae, 0) = (± 3, 0)
O A
 25  b 2 = 3  b2 = 16
En – 1
24. eliminating t we get
y2 = 4x – 4
For ellipse En – 1, let
minor axis = b, major axis = a 2
Put x = 2s, y =  2s 3 – s 2 – 1 = 0
For ellipse En, we have s
OB b  (s – 1) (2s 2 + s + 1) = 0 s = 1
minor axis = a, major axis = =
e e 2
 Put s = 1 in x = 2s and y = , we get
[ B is the focus of En] s
assuming e to be the eccentricity. Thus, we have x = 2, y = 2
b a 25. Tangent at P (x1 , y1) on xy = c2 is
=
a b/e
x y
x1 + y1 = 2

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 4

  Q = (2x1, 0), R = (0, 2y1) (a1h2 – a2h1) x 2 + (b1 h2 – b2h1) y2 = c 1h2 – c 2h1
Now OQR is a right  and QR is the hypotenuse. now this will represent a circle if coefficient of x 2
 circumcentre = mid pt, of QR = (x1, y1) = coefficient of y2
i.e. a1h2 – a2 h1 = b1 h2 – b2h1
26. Let (h, k) be the mid point i.e. (a1 – b1) h2 = (a2 – b2) h2
xh yk h2 k2 2
 T = S1  2 – 2 = 2 –  2x  y  4 
a b a b2  
......(i)  2 
 2  1 
(1) passes through () so putting () in it 29. We have equation of hyperbola as 2
 1 
x y 2 2  
x y
 2 – 2 = 2 –
 2
a b a b2 2
 x  2y  4 
 
 x 2 x   y 2 y   2 
 
  2  2  –  2 – 2  = 0 –  1 2  =1
a a  b b  2
 1 
 
2 2  3 2
 
x – 
 
y –  2(2x  y  4) 3.( x  2 y  3 )2
 2  2 2 2 – =1
 – + – =0 5 5
2
a 2
b 4a 2 4b 2 30. Equation of chord with mid point
  (h, k) will be kx + hy = 2hk
which is a hyperbola with centre  ,  This cuts x - axis at x = 2h i.e. (2h, 0)
 2 2
Clearly OC = h 2  k 2 and AC
x2 y2
27. Let P(x 1, y1) be a point on – =1
a2 b2 = (2h  h)2  (0  k )2 = h2  k 2
2 2 Hence isosceles
x1 y1
 – =1
a2 b2

x2 y2
Chord of contact of – = 2 from (x 1, y1) is
a2 b2

xx1 yy 1
2 – =2 ........(1)
a b2
31. Focii of hyperbola are (± 41 , 0)
x y x y
equations of asymptotes are – = 0 and + =  P lies on the circle x 2 + y2 = 41
a b a b
Any point on hyperbola is
0  16 sec 2 + 25 tan2 = 41
pts. of Intersection of (1) with two asymptotes are
5 66
2a 2b  tan = andsec  =
x1 = , y1 = 41 41
x1 y1 x1 y1
 
a b a b  a  a
 pf 1 + pf 2 = e  4 sec    + e  4 sec   
 e  e
2a 2b
x2 = , y2 =
x1 y1 x1 y1 41
  where e = = 2 66
a b a b 4
1
 or  = (x 1 y2 – x 2 y1)
2
 
 
 4ab  2 
1  2 2 
=  x1 y1  = 4ab
2  2  
 a b2 
28. On removing xy terms by multiplying
a1x 2 + 2h1 xy + b1y2 = c 1 by h2 and
a2x 2 + 2h2xy + b2 y2 = c 2 by h1 and
subtracting we have

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 5

 36. We know that for ellipse PS1 + PS2 = 2a
2ae 3
32. Clearly =a  e= P (0, 0)
3 2
 3a 
 S =  ,0  S1 S2
 2 
2a
Directrix is x = So 13 + 25 = 2a
3
2a = 38 andS1 S2 = 2ae = 386

386
 equation of hyperbola will be So e =
38
2 2
 3a  9  2a  and for hyperbola |PS1 – PS2| = 2a
x   + y2 = x   2a = |13 – 25| So 2a = 12
 2  4  3 
Which reduces to 5x 2 – 4y2 = 5a2 andS1 S2 = 2ae = 386
x2 y2 386
33. Let the hyperbola be 2 – =1 So e =
a b2 12
& If PQ is any double ordinate then
37. The tangent & normal at a point P on the ellipse
P = (h,k), Q = (h, – k)
bisect the external & internal angles between the
& O (0, 0) is the origin
focal distances of P.
  POQ is equlateral
So answer are (A) and (C)
 OP2 = OQ2 = PQ2  h2 = 3k 2
....... (i) 38. We have
also (h, k) lies on given hyperbola Slope of AB = Slope of tangent at C
h2 k2 b(sin   sin  ) b cos 
 – =1 ...... (ii)  =
a2 b2 a(cos   cos  ) a sin 
(i) & (ii)

a 2b 2  cos 
 k2 = > 0  3b2 – a2 > 0  2 
3b 2 – a 2  cos 
      = sin 
b2 1 b2 1 sin 
 2 >  e2 = 1 + 2 > 1 +  2 
a 3 a 3
4 2   
 e2 > or e >  tan   = tan   = + n (n  ).
3 3  2  2
34. Homogenising the equation of hyperbola with the 39. Any tangent to given hyperbola is
help
2
y=mx+ 16 m 2 – 9 ....(i)
x2 y2
 x cos   y sin   2 2
of line We have 2 – (i) touches the circle x + y = 9 so distance from
2 = 
 
a 2a  p  centre is equal to radius
Now this subtends an angle of 90° at origin so
coefficient of x 2 + coefficient of y2 = 0 16 m 2 – 9 18
 2
= 3 m 2 =
m 1 7
1 cos2  1 sin2 
i.e. – – – =0  Required equation of tangent is given by (B.)
a2 p2 2a 2 p2
40. Let one of the vertices be (a, 0)
1 1 Focii are (ae, 0) & (– ae, 0)
So = p= 2 a
2a 2 p2 given that ae – a = 1
& ae + a = 3
2 2 2
 1  2   5 x  12 y  1  2ae = 4  ae = 2
35.  x   + y   = a   a=1  e=2
 13   13   13 
2
PS = e PM2 2
b2
here a = e2  using e2 = 1 +  b2 = 3
a2
0 < e < 1 for ellipse
 Required hyperbola is
so 0 < a < 1
x2 y2
 – =1  3x 2 – y2 = 3
1 3

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 6

 Again, one more possibility is  2k 2 – 2kb + b2 = 4h2 – 4ah + 2a2
Replacing h by x and k by y
a2 1
e2 = 1 +2  b2 =  2y2 – 2by + b2 = 4x 2 – 4ax + 2a2
b 3 2(y2 – by) + b2 = 4(x 2 – ax) + 2a2
 Hyperbola will be x 2 – 3y2 + 3 = 0 2 2
 b b2  a
 c  c 2 y   + = 4  x   + a2
2 2 2
41. Equation of chord joining  ct1 , t  and  ct 2 , t   
 1  2 
2 2
is  a  b b2
4 x   – 2 y   = – a2
x + t1 t2 y = (t1 + t2) c ........(1)  2  2 2
 (i) is parallel to y = x  t1 t2 = – 1
Now equation of circle will be (x – ct1) (x – ct2) b2
Hence it is a hyperbola or pair of lines if
2
 c  c 
+  y  t   y  t  = 0 b2
 1  2  – a2  0 or  a 2 = 0 respectively..
2
 x + y – cx(t1 + t2) + yc(t1 + t2) – 2c 2 = 0
2 2

 x 2 + y2 – 2c 2 – c(t1 + t2) (x – y) = 0 ........(2) a  t  1 1 2x

equation (2) is of the form S + L = 0 where 45. (A) x =   ....(i) i.e. t + =
2  t t a
S is x 2 + y2 – 2c 2 = 0 and L is x – y = 0
Solving S and L we get (c, c) and (–c, –c) b  t  1 1 2y
(2) will always pass through (c, c) and (–c, –c) y=   ....(ii) i.e. t – =
2  t t b
x 3
42. Equation of tangent is =1 2x 2y x y bx  ay
3 adding 2t = + t= + =
equation of asymptotes are a b a b ab

x y x y a x y ab 
–=0 & + =0 Put in (i) x=    
3 1 3 1 2  a b bx  ay 
The pts of intersection of tangents to the hyperbola i.e. b2 x 2 – a2 y2 = a2 b2
x2 y2 whereas (B) represents an ellipse
– = 1 at the pt ( 3 , 0) (C) x = et + e– t .....(i)
3 1 y = et – e –t
with the asymptotes are
xy
( 3 , 1) , ( 3 ,  1) and (0, 0) i.e. x + y = 2et et = put in (i)
2
  is equilateral & its area = 3 xy 2
x= + xy i.e. y2 – x 2 = 4
43. The given equation reduces to 2
16 (x – 1)2 – 3(y – 2)2 = 48 Hyperbola
(D) x 2 – 6 = 2 cos t
( x  1)2 ( y  2)2
i.e.  =1 t  x 2  6 
3 16
= 2 (1 + cos t)= 2 1  2 

y2 + 2 = 4 cos 2 2
so a2 = 3 and b2 = 16 and centre is (1, 2) also we  
19  2  x2  6 
have eccentricity as  
3 =2  y2 + 2 = x 2 – 4 Hyperbola
 2 

44. Let the two sides of the rectangle lie along x-axis
& y axis as shown x2 y2
46. If y = mx + c is tangent to – = 1, then
Given that a2 b2
(PA)2 + (PB)2 = 2 (PC2 + PD2) c 2 = a2 m 2 – b2
Using the condition c 2 = a2m 2 – b2
17 17
we get m = 20 , – 20

PART - II
1. Let P, Q and R be the points at which the tangents
are drawn and let their coordinates be
 k 2 + (k – b)2 = 2 (h2 + (a – h)2) (at12, 2at1), (at22 , 2at2), and (at32, 2at3).

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 7

  tangents at Q and R intersect in the point 2a
{at2t3, a(t2 + t3)}. So y1 = =2a cot and x 1 = (–2a –a tan2 ).
m
Similarly, the other pairs of tangents meet at the
Substituting in (1), we get
points
Area of the triangle
{at3t1, a(t3 + t1)} and {at1t2 ,a (t1 + t2)}.
Let the equation to the circle be [ 4a 2 cot 2  – 4a(–2a – a tan 2 )]3 / 2
x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ...... (1). =
2a
Since it passes through the above three points,
we 1 2 3/2
= 4a cot 2   8a2  4a2 tan2 
have 2  
a2t22t32 +a2(t2 + t3)2 + 2gat2t3 + 2fa (t2 + t3) + c = 0
1 3/2
...... (2), = 4a 2 cot 2   2  tan 2 
  
a2t32t12 +a2(t3 + t1)2 + 2gat3t1 + 2fa (t3 + t1) + c = 0 2a
...... (3),
1  2 3 / 2 3/2
anda2t12t22 +a2(t1 + t2)2 + 2gat1t2 + 2fa (t1 + t2) + c = 0 =  4a  cot   tan 2
 
2a  
...... (4),
Subtracting (3) from (2) and dividing by a (t2 – t1),  cos2   sin2  
 cot   tan    sec . cos ec
we have  sin . cos  
a{t32 (t1 + t2) + t1 + t2 + 2t3}+ 2gt3 + 2f = 0. = 4a2 sec 3 . cosec 3 . Proved
Similarly, from (3) and (4), we have
a{t12 (t2 + t3) + t2 + t3 + 2t1} + 2gt1+ 2f = 0. 3. Let the equation of the parabola be y2 = 4ax andO
From these two equations we have be the vertex of it. If OP and OQ be the two
2g = – a (1+t2t3 + t3t1 + t1t2) and 2f adjacent
= – a(t1 + t2 + t3 – t1t2t3) sides of the rectangle OPRQ and the co-ordinates
Substituting these values in (2), we obtain of P and Q be (at 1 2 , 2at 1 ) and ( at 2 , 2at 2 )
c = a2 (t2t3 + t3t1 + t1t2). respectively
The equation to the circle is therefore ; then the equation of the line PQ will be
x2 + y2 – ax (1 + t2t3 + t3t1 + t1t2) – ay (t1 + t2 + t3 – t1t2t3) 2x – y (t1 + t2) + 2at1 t2 = 0 ....(i)
+ a2(t2t3 + t3t1 + t1t2) = 0. The equation of the lines joining the origin the
Which clearly passes through the focus (a, 0). points
of intersection of the parabola and (1) are obtained
2. Let the extremities of the normal chord be P and by making y2 = 4ax homogeneous with the help
Q of
and the tangents at P and Q to the parabola say (1) ; so, we get
y2
= 4ax meet in T. Let the co-ordinates of T be  y( t  t ) – 2 x 
y2 = 4a. x.  1 2 
(x 1, y1).  2at 1t 2 
PQ will be the chord of contact for T with respect
to 2
P (at1 ,2at)
the parabola so area of triangle TPQ will be
M R
( y 2 – 4ax 1 )3 / 2 O
= 1 ...... (1)
2a
The equation to the chord of contact of T will be Q (at 2
2 ,2at
yy1 = 2a (x+x 1) )

2ax1 2ax 2at1t2y2 – 4a (t1 + t2)xy + 8ax 2 = 0.

or y = y  y ...... (2) If the lines are at right angles, then the sum of
1 1
Equation to any normal to y2 = 4ax is the
y = mx – 2am –am 3. coeff. of x 2 and y2 should be zero, hence
So (2) and (3) must be identical. As the coefficients 2at1t2 + 8a = 0 or t1t2 + 4 = 0 ...... (2)
of y are equal, others must also be equal, so Let M is the mid-point of PR, then its co-ordinates
will be
2a 2ax1
m = y and – 2am – am 3 =  at 2  at 2 
1 y1  1 3 , 2at1  2at 3 
 2 2 
2a  
when y1 = and x 1 = (–2a – am 2). Let the co-ordinates of the reqd. point R be (h, k)
m
then M will be the mid-point of OR ; also as OPRQ
If the inclination of the chord of contact, i.e., the
is a rectangle, so, we get
normal is ; then m = tan 

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 8

 h0 at 2  at 22  1 1  (m1  m 2 )
= 1 or h = a(t12 + t22) ...... (3) k = a  m  m   k=a
2 2  1 2  m1 m 2
k 0 2at1  2at1 k = h(m 1 + m 2)
and = or k = 2a (t1 + t2)...... (4)
2 2
m1  m m  m2
To get the reqd. locus, we have to eliminate t1 = as tangent make equal angle
1  m1 m 1  m m2
and t2
from (2,) , (3) and (4), so squaring (4), we get with line of slope m.
 m 1 + mm 1m 2 – m – m 2 m 2
h 
k 2 = 4a2 (t12 + t22 + 2t1t2) = 4a2  a  2.(–4) = m + m 1m 2 – m 2 – m 1 m 2m
   (m 1 + m 2) + 2 mm 1 m 2 – 2m – m 2 (m 1 + m 2) = 0
{as t12 + t22 = h/a by (1) and t1t2 = – 4 by (2)}
k a
or k 2 = 4ah – 32a2 put m 1 + m 2 = and m 1.m 2 = we get
Generalising, we get the reqd. locus as h h
y2 = 4a (x – 8a). Proved. k
k a
 + 2m – 2m – m 2   = 0
4. Let the parabola be y2 = 4ax and co-ordinates h h h
of P,  k + 2ma – m 2k – 2mh = 0
Q and R be (at12 , 2at1), (at22 , 2at2) and (at32 , 2at3)  y(1 – m 2) = 2m(x – a)
respectively. 2m
Since equation of tangent P(t1) is t1y = x + at12 y= (x – a) (given m = tan )
1 m2
and equation of tangent Q(t2) is t2y = x + at12
 y = tan (2) (x – a)
2 2 Hence the locus is straight line
Sp t1+ t = t2 + t = – t3 ....... (1)
1 2
 point of intersection of tangents at P and Q is 6. The line is x + my = 1 ......(1)
T(at1t2 , a(t1 + t2)) and the parabola is y2 = 4ax.
Since normals at P(t1) and Q(t2) meet at a point R Let (1) cuts the parabola in P and Q such that
(t3) on the parabola P  (at12 , – 2at1) and Q  (at22, – 2at2).
 t1t2 = 2 ....(i) andt2 + t2 + t3 = 0 .......(ii) Now equation of PQ is (t1 + t2) y+2x + 2at1t2 = 0.
 TPRQ is a cyclic quadrilateral ......(2)
 centre of the circle circumscribing TPRQ will Since the lines (1) and (2) represent the same
be the mid-point of TR line,
Let centre be (h, k) so comparing the coefficients, we get
 2h = at1t2 + at23  t 1t 2 = 2 t1  t 2 2 2at1t 2 2m
= =  t1 + t2 = ......(3)
 2h = 2a + at32 .......(ii) m  –1 
and2k = a(t1 + t2) + 2at3  t2 + t2 + t3 = 0 1
 2k = at3 .......(iii) andt1t2 = – . ......(4)
a
Now by eliminating t1, t2 from (ii) and (iii), we get
Again, the normal at (at2, – 2at) is
2k 2 = a(h – a)
y = tx – 2at – at3,
 required locus is 2y2 = a(x – a)
or at3 + t (2a –x) + y = 0.
5. Let Parabola be y2 = 4ax The roots of this equation will be t1, t2 and t3, such
Slope of the given line is m = tan  that t1 + t2 + t3 = 0.
Let point of intersection be P(h, k) and
–2m
So t3 = – (t1 + t2) = [by (3)] ......(5)

As the third point on the parabola is (at32, – 2at3),
so
putting the value of t3 from (5), we get the required

Q(t1) and R(t2) be the points of tangency then  4am2 4am 

point as  2 , 
h = at1t2 and k = a(t1 + t2)    
Slopes of tangent at Q(t1) and R(t2) are m 1
7. If the circle touches the parabola y2 = 4ax at(at2,
1 1
= t and m 2 = 2at), they must have a common tangent at that
1 t 2 point,
a and hence a common normal. The centre of the
 h= mm circle
1 2
must lie on that normal. Let (h, k) be the co-
ordinates

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 9

 of the centre and r be the radius of the circle. Then  k2 = 8h + 16
its equation can be written as  locus of R(h, k) is y2 = 8(x + 2)
x 2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + c = 0 .... (1)
The equation to the normal at (at2, 2at) is 9. y2 = 4ax......(i)
y = – tx + 2at + at3 .... (2)  equation of any normal to parabola (i) is y + tx
As the centre (h, k) lies on the normal (2), hence = 2at + at3 ......(ii)
k = – th + 2at + at3. .... (3) Let the middle point of normal chord (ii) be (h, k)
Focus of the parabola is (a, 0)  equation of chord with middle
As the circle passes through (a, 0) and (at2, 2at), point (h, k) is T = S1
the distance of these yk – 2a(x + h) = k2 – 4ah
r2 = (h – a)2 + k 2 = (h – at2)2 + (k – 2at)2 (2a) x – (k) y + k2 – 2ah = 0 ......(iii)
or – 2ah + a2 = – 2aht2 – 4akt + a2t4 + 4a2t2  (ii) and (iii) represent the same line
or 4kt = 2h(1–t2) + at4 + 4at2 – a .... (4)
Solving (3) and (4), 2h = a (3t2 + 1) .... (5) t 1  ( 2at  at 3 )
 = =
and2k = a (3t – t3) .... (6) 2a –k k 2 – 2ah
Putting the value of h and k in (1), the equation to
2a
the circle is  t=– and k2 – 2ah = atk (2 + t2)
x 2 + y2 – a (3t2 + 1) x – a (3t – t3) y + c = 0 k
.... (7)
 2a   4a 2 
As (7) passes through the focus (a, 0), the  k2 – 2ah = ak  –  2  2 
 k   k 
co-ordinates will satisfy it; hence a2 – a2 (3t2 + 1) 
+c
=0;  c = 3a2t2. 8a 4
 k2 – 2ah = – 4a2 –
Putting the value of ‘c’ in (7) the circle is k2
x 2 + y2 – ax (3t2 + 1) – ay (3t – t3) + 3a2t2 = 0.proved  k – 2ahk = – 4a k – 8a4
4 2 2 2

(ii) To get the locus of the centre, we have to  locus of (h, k) is

eliminate t from (5) and (6). y4 – 2a (x – 2a) y2 + 8a4 = 0
Multiplying (5) by t and (6) by 3 and adding, we
get 10. Let parabola be y2 = 4ax.
Tangents at P(t1), Q(t2) and R(t3) are
 3k 
2th + 6k = 10 at ; hence t =  . t 1 y = x + a t 12 ......(1)
 5a – h  t2 y = x + at22 ......(2)
Substituting the value of ‘t’ in (5), t3 y = x + at32 ......(3)
Points of intersection of these tangents
2
 3k  are A(at1t2 , a(t1 + t2))
we have (2h – a) = 3a   .
 5a – h  B(at2 t3 , a(t2 + t3))
Simplifying and generalising, the locus of centre C(at3t1 , a(t3 + t1))
(h, k)is orthocenter is point of intersection of altitudes
(2x – a) (x – 5a)2 = 27 ay2 Proved. So altitude from vertex A is
 y – a(t1 + t2) = – t3 (x – at1t2) .....(4)
8. y2 = 8x ...........(i) Similarly altitude from B is
Let T1 (at12, 2at1) and T2 (at22 , 2at2) be any two points y – a (t2 + t3) = – t1(x – at2 t3) ........(5)
on parabola (i) and R(h, k) be the point of intersection  So the orthocentre is the point of intersection
of tangents at T1 and T2 of (4) and (5).
 h = at1t2 ......(ii) and k = a(t1 + t2) ......(iii) Hence by solving (4) and (5), we get
Tangents at T1 and T2 intersect the tangent at its (x, y)  (– a, a(t1 + t2 + t3) + at1 t2 t3)
vertex at the points P and Q. Which is on the directrix , proved
 let P(0, at1) and Q(0, at2)
 PQ = 4  a(t1 – t2) = 4 11. Let A = (–a, 0) and B = (a, 0) ;
 a2 [(t1 + t2)2 – 4t1t2] = 16 ......(iv) The centre of the circle = (0, 0).
from (ii) and (iii) we have the equation of the concentric circle will be
k h x 2 + y2 = b2.
t1 + t2 = and t1t2 =  equation (iv) will
a a Any tangent to x 2 + y2 = b2 is y = mx + b 1 m 2
become
 k 2 4h 
a  2 – a  = 16
2
 a 
k2 – 4ah = 16  k2 = 4ah + 16
 a=2

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 10

 b2  a2
or 2 +  2 = b 2 – a 2
b2

2 2
 + =1
b2 b2  a2
 the equation of the locus of the focus (, ) is
x2 y2
2 + =1
b b  a2
2

12. Equation of parabola is y2 = 4ax .......(1)

Let A  (at12, 2at1) B  (at22 , 2at2) , C  (at32 , 2at3)
which is the directrix of the parabola . Equation of the tangents to parabola (1) at A, B,
Let (, ) be the focus. C
Then by focus-directrix property, the equation of are
the yt1 = x + at12 .......(2)
parabola will be yt2 = x + at22 and yt3 = x + at32
Let the points of intersection of lines (2) , (3) be
 y  mx  b 1  m 2  P;
2
 2

(x – ) + (y – ) =   (3) , (4) be Q and (2) , (4) be R.
 1  m2  Then P  (at1 t2, a(t1 + t2)) , Q  (at2t3, a(t2 + t3)), R
It passes through A(–a, 0) , B(a, 0) ; so  (at1t3, a(t1 + t3))
2 Now area of ABC,
 ma  b 1  m 2  2
  at1 2at1 1
(a + )2 +  2 =  
 1  m2  1 at 2 2 2at 2 1
1 = modulus of
2 at 3 2 2at 3 1
m 2a 2  b 2 (1  m 2 )  2abm 1  m 2
= ..........(1)
1  m2 t1
2
t1 1
1
2 = modulus of . a. 2a t 2 2 t2 1
  ma  b 1  m 2  2 2
  t3 t3 1
(a – )2 +  2 =  
 1  m2  = a2 |(t1 – t2) (t2 – t3) (t3 – t1)|
Area of PQR
m 2a 2  b 2 (1  m 2 )  2abm 1  m 2
= ..........(2) at1t 2 a( t 1  t 2 ) 1
1  m2 1
(1) + (2)  2(a2 + 2 +  2) 2 = modulus of at 2 t 3 a( t 2  t 3 ) 1
2
at 3 t1 a( t 3  t1 ) 1
m 2 a 2  b 2 (1  m 2 )
=2. or a2 + 2 +  2
1  m2 t1t 2 t1  t 2 1
2
a2
m = modulus of t 2t 3 t 2  t3 1
= 2 a2 + b2 2
1 m t 3 t1 t 3  t1 1

4abm 1  m 2 t 2 (t1  t 3 ) t1  t 3 0
(2) – (1)  – 4a = a2
1  m2 = modulus of t 3 ( t 2  t1 ) t 2  t1 0
2
b 2m 2 m2 2 t 3 t1 t 3  t1 1
or 2 =  =
1  m2 1  m2 b2 [R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3]
Putting in (3) from (4)
a2
2 2 = modulus of (t1 – t3) (t2 – t1) (t2 – t3)
a  2
a 2 + 2 +  2 = + b2
b2
a2
= | (t1 – t2) (t2 – t3) (t3 – t1) |
 a2  2

1   2 +  2 = b 2 – a 2
 b2 
  1 2
Clearly  =
2 1

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 11

13. The equation of the tangent at (t 2 , 2t) to the ap cos  + qb sin  = r ......(3)
parabola pa qb
y2 = 4x is and [cos – sin ] + [sin + cos] = r
2 2
2 ty = 2(x + t2)
 ty = x + t2  x – ty + t2 = 0 ......(1) pa [cos – sin] + qb [sin  + cos ] = r 2
T he equation of the nor m al at point
pa cos + qb sin + qb cos – pa sin = r 2
 5 cos , 2 sin  qb cos – pa sin  = r ( 2  1] ......(4)
on the ellipse 4x 2 + 5y2 = 20 is
by equation (3) and (4)
( 5 sec ) x – (2 cosec ) y = 5 – 4
a2p2 + q2b2 = r2 [1 + ( 2  1)2 ] = r2 [1 + 2 + 1 –
 ( 5 sec ) x – (2 cosec) y – 1 = 0 
........(2) 2 2 ] = r2 [ 4  2 2 ] = r2 sec 2
8
equation (1) and (2) represents same line 15. Equation of a tangent to the given ellipse
5 sec  2 cos ec  1 x2 y2
So = =– 2 + = 1 ......(1)
1 t t a2 b2

2 cos ec  1 can be chosen as y = mx + a 2m 2  b 2 ......(2)

t= and t = – 2 cos ec  The coordinates of the intersection points of this
5 sec 
tangent with the coordinate axes are
2 1   a 2m 2  b 2 
t= cot  and t = – sin   0 , a 2m 2  b 2   , 0
5 2   and 
  m 
 
2 1 Length of the intercept made by the coordinate
so cot  = – sin  4 cos  =– 5 sin2  axes
5 2
on the tangent is given by the equation
4 cos  = – 5 (1 – cos2)
 1 
5 cos 2  – 4 cos  – 5 = 0 2 =  1  2  (a2 m 2 + b2)
 m 
 5 cos2 – 5 cos  + cos  – 5 =0 The value of m for which  is minimum (by
calculus),
 5 cos  (cos  – 5 ) + 1 (cos  – 5)=0 is given by
1 d( 2 )  2   1 
cos  = 5 or cos  = – =–  3  (a2m 2 + b2)+ 2a2m  1  =0
5 dm m   m2 
2 ........(3)
when is in nd quadraint sin  = ,
5 2a 2 2b 2 2
2a 2
 – – + 2a m + =0
tan  = – 2  =  – tan– 12 m m3 m
1 1 b2
Now t = – sin  = – 2m (a2 – ) = 0  m = 0, not possible
2 5 m4
rd
when is in  quadrant b2 b
m4 = 2  m2 = +
2 a a
sin  = – , tan  = 2 = + tan– 1 2 Putting this value of m 2 in equation (3), gives the
5
minimum value of  = a + b.
1
and t = 16. Let us choose the intersection point of the given
5 lines as the origin and their angular bisector as
x2 y2 the
14. px + qy = r ....... (1) + =1 ....... (2) x-axis. Equation of the two lines will then be
a2 b2
y = mx
P(a cos , b sin )
Y
     B y = mx
Q a cos    , b sin   
 4  4  P(h, k)

  cos   sin    sin   cos   O  X
Q a  , b 
  2   2 
A y = –mx

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 12

 andy = – mx
where m = tan . y2 x2
18. Let the equation of the ellipse be + =1
Let P(h, k) be the point whose locus is to be found, a2 b2
then according to the given condition Equation of a normal at any point P () on the
PA2 + PB2 = constant above
(k  mh)2 (k  mh)2 ellipse, is
 + = c (c is a constant) (a sec )x – (b cosec ) y = a2e2
1  m2 1  m2
i.e. 2(k 2 + m 2h2) = c(1 + m 2) Let normal is passing through a point A(h, k)
 (ah sec  – a2e2)2 = (bk cosec )2
x2 y2  a2h2 sec2  – 2a3 e2 h sec  + a4e4 = b2 k2
Therefore, the locus of P is + =1
a2 b2
 sec 2  
c (1  m 2 ) c(1  m 2 ) 2 
2 2
cosec = b k 

where a2 = and b 2
= 2 
sec  – 1
2m 2 2  
If  < /4, then m < 1, then a2 > b2, and hence  a2h2 sec4  – 2a3 e2h sec3  + (a4e4 – a2 h2 –
b2k2) sec2  + 2a3 e2 h sec  – a4e4 =0 ..... (1)
b2 cos 2
eccentricity = 1 = 1 m 2 = If  , , ,  be the roots of the above equation,
a2 cos  then
If  > /4, then m > 1, then a2 < b2, and hence
2a 3 e 2h
2ae 2
2  sec  = =
1
a
1
1  cos 2 a 2h 2 h
eccentricity = 2 = 2 = .
b m sin  Multiplying equation (1) by cos4 , it reduces to
17. Let any chord of slope equal to m intersect the a4e4 cos4  – 2a3e2 h cos3  – (a4e4 – a2h2 – b2k2)
ellipse cos2  + 2a3e2 h cos  – a2h2 = 0 ....(2)

x2 y2 2a3 e 2 h 2h
a 2 +
b 2 =1 Then  cos  = 4 4
a e
=
ae 2
at points A and B whose eccentric angles are 1 Hence, we have
and 2
The coordinates of A and B are (a cos 1, b sin 1) 2ae 2 2h
(sec)(cos) = · =4
and (a cos 2 , b sin 2) respectively, therefore we h ae 2
have slope of AB = m which is the desired result.
b(sin  2  sin 1 ) 19. Let f (x, y) = x2 – 16 xy – 11y2 – 12 x + 6 y + 21
a(cos  2  cos 1 ) = m & g (x, y) = 9x2 – 16 y2 – 18x – 32 y –151
f
 1   2  b =0  2 x – 16y – 12 = 0 ...... (i)
 tan   = = constant .....(i) x
 2  am
 1 + 2 = constant f
Slope of the tangent at any point on the ellipse is y = 0  – 16x – 22y + 6 = 0 .......(ii)

dy  b2 x 6 –3
given by = Solving (i) & (ii) we get C1  ,
dx a2 y 
5 5 
Let  be the eccentric angle of a point on the Where C1 is the centre of 1st hyperbola
ellipse Similarly C2 = (1, – 1)
such that the slope of the tangent at this point is given that C1 C2 = d
equal to m, then
1 4 1
b cos   + = d2 =  125 d2 = 25
m= 25 25 5
a sin 
Putting this value in equation (1), we have 20. Let (x1, y1) be the pt, of contact of tangent
3x – 4 y = 5 to x2 – 4y2 = 5 Solving we have
   2 
tan 1  (x1, y1) = (3, 1)
 = tan 
 2  x2 y2
which proves 1 + 2 = 2 . Now any tangent to – = 1 is
25 16
y = mx ± 25m 2 – 16
 y2 + m2 x2 – 2mxy = 25m2 – 16 .......(i)
 (1) passes through (3, 1)

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 13

  16 m2 + 6 m – 17 = 0 .......(ii) 24. Tangent on (3sec 4 tan ) is
3 sec  tan 
Let m1 & m2 be the roots of (ii) and m1 + m2 = – x– y=1 ......(i)
8 3 4
17 given that (i) is  to 3x + 8 y – 12 = 0
and m1 m2 =  32 (m1 + m2 – m1 m2) = 22
16 4  sec    – 3 
     = –1   = 30º
3  tan    8 
21. eliminating m from given equations by mutliplying
the 25. P is (3sec, 4 tan)
above two equations we have
x y
x2 y2 Tangent at P is sec – tan
an = 1
3 4
we get 2 – = 1 Radius of director
( 25 ) ( 24 ) 2
x y
circle It meets 4 x – 3y = 0i.e. = in Q
3 4
= a2  b2  3 4 
clearly its director circle will have radius = 7  Q is  , 
 sec  – tan  sec  – tan  
22. The equation of normal at p is It meets 4x + 3 y = 0
x cos  + y cot = 2a solving this with the x y
hyperbola x 2 – y2 = a2 we have i.e. =– in R
3 4
2
 2a  y cot    3 –4 
  – y2 = a2 ,
cos   R is  
   sec   tan  sec   tan  
y2 (cosec 2  – 1) – 4ay sec cosec  + 4a2 sec 2 
– a2 = 0  3 2  4 2   3 2  4 2 
 
 CQ .CR =  sec  – tan    sec   tan   = 25
4a 2 sec 2   a 2    
i.e. product of roots y1 y2 =
cos ec 2   1 26. Let (h,k) be the mid pt of the chord of the circle
Now, y1 = a tan  y2 = a tan  x2 + y2 = 16
so a2 tan  tan  = a2 (4 sec 2  – 1) tan2   the equation of the chord will be
tan  = (tan ) 4(sec 2  – 1)
–h h2  k 2
hx + ky = h2 + k2 or y = x+
23. Let equation of directrix be k k
y=2x+C ......(i) i.e. of the form y = mx + C.
 (1) passes through centre (2, 3) of the circle It will touch the hyperbola if C2 = a2m2 – b2
 C=–1  (i) reduces to 2 2
 h2  k 2   –h
y=2x–1  
   = 16  k  – 9
 equation of required hyperbola will be  k   
2 2 2 2 2
 2x – y – 1   (h + k ) = 16 h – 9k
( x – 2)2  ( y – 3)2 = 2  
  required locus is (x2 + y2)2 = 16x2 – 9y2
 5 
which reduces to
 11x2 – y2 + 4x – 16xy + 38y – 61 = 0

RESONANCE CONIC SECTION - 14