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𝑑𝑛 𝑦 𝑑𝑛−1 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎𝑛 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ 𝑎1 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑎0 (𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥), cuya solución
general se escribe como la suma de las soluciones de una ecuación
homogénea y una particular.
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
𝑡
A. 𝑦𝑝 = −(4) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡
𝑡
B. 𝑦𝑝 = (4) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡
𝑡
C. 𝑦𝑝 = (4) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑡
𝑡
D. 𝑦𝑝 = −(4) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑡
La respuesta es el punto A
Desarrollo
𝑑2
(𝑦) + 4𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2
((𝑒 𝛾𝑡 )) + 4𝑒 𝛾𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2
Simplificando
𝑑2
((𝑒 𝛾𝑡 )) = 𝛾 2 𝑒 𝛾𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2
((𝑒 𝛾𝑡 𝛾))
𝑑𝑡 2
Regla de la cadena
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
= (𝑒 ) (𝛾𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑢
(𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(𝛾𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=𝛾 (𝑡) = 𝛾 ∗ 1 = 𝛾
𝑑𝑡
𝑒𝑢𝛾
Sustituyendo en la ecuación u = γt
= 𝛾 2 𝑒 𝛾𝑡
𝑑 𝛾𝑡
(𝑒 𝛾) = 𝛾 2 𝑒 𝛾𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝛾𝑡
(𝑒 𝛾)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝛾𝑡
=𝛾 (𝑒 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑
=𝛾 (𝑒 ) (𝛾𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑢
(𝑒 )
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒𝑢
𝑑
(𝛾𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=𝛾 (𝑡) = 𝛾 ∗ 1 = 𝛾
𝑑𝑡
= 𝛾𝑒 𝑢 𝛾
Ley de exponentes
= 𝛾 2 𝑒 𝛾𝑡
𝛾 2 𝑒 𝛾𝑡 + 4𝑒 𝛾𝑡 = 0
Factorizar
𝑒 𝛾𝑡 (𝛾 2 + 4) = 0
𝛾2 + 4 = 0
𝛾2 + 4 − 4 = 0 − 4
Simplificar
𝛾 2 = −4
𝛾 = √−4, 𝛾 = −√−4
√−4
Ley de exponentes
= √−1√4 = √4𝑖
√4
√22 = 2𝑖
−√−4
√−4
= √−1√4
= √4𝑖 = −2𝑖
𝛾 = 2𝑖, 𝛾 = −2𝑖
𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(2𝑡) + 𝑐2 sin(2𝑡))
𝑑2
((𝑎0 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡) + 𝑎1 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡))) + 4(𝑎0 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡) + 𝑎1 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)) = sin(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑2
((𝑎0 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡) + 𝑎1 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)))
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑎0 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡)) + (𝑎1 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(𝑎 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 0
𝑑
= 𝑎0 (𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑎0 ( (𝑡) sin(2t) + (sin(2𝑡))𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(𝑡) = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(sin(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
Regla de la cadena
𝑑 𝑑
= (sin(𝑢)) (2𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(sin(𝑢))
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢
𝑑
(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡) = 2 ∗ 1 = 2
𝑑𝑡
= cos(𝑢) ∗ 2
Sustituyendo en la ecuación u=2t
= cos(2𝑡) ∗ 2
𝑑
(𝑎 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 1
𝑑
= 𝑎1 (𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
𝑎1 ( (𝑡) cos(2𝑡) + (cos(2𝑡))𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(𝑡) = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(cos(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= (cos(𝑢) (2𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(cos(𝑢))
𝑑𝑢
= − sin(𝑢)
𝑑
(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡) = 2 ∗ 1 = 2
𝑑𝑡
= (− sin(2𝑡)) ∗ 2
Simplificando
= −2 sin(2𝑡)
𝑑
(sin(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= (sin(𝑢)) (2𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(sin(𝑢)) = cos(𝑢)
𝑑𝑢
𝑑
(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡) = 2 ∗ 1 = 2
𝑑𝑡
= cos(𝑈) ∗ 2
= cos(2𝑡) ∗ 2
𝑑
(2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= 2 ( (𝑡) cos(2𝑡) + (cos(2𝑡))𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(𝑡) = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(cos(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= (cos(𝑢)) (2𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(cos(𝑢))
𝑑𝑢
= − sin(𝑢)
𝑑
(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡) = 2 ∗ 1 = 2
𝑑𝑡
= (− sin(𝑢)) ∗ 2
Sustituir en la ecuación u = 2t
= (− sin(2𝑡)) ∗ 2
= 𝑎0 (4 cos(2𝑡) − 4𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡))
𝑑
(𝑎 (cos(2𝑡) − 2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡)))
𝑑𝑡 1
𝑑
= 𝑎1 (cos(2𝑡) − 2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑎1 ( (cos(2𝑡)) − (2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡)))
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(cos(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= (cos(𝑢)) (2𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(cos(𝑢))
𝑑𝑢
= − sin(𝑢)
𝑑
(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡) = 2 ∗ 1 = 2
𝑑𝑡
= (− sin(𝑢)) ∗ 2
𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑢 = 2𝑡
= (− sin(2𝑡)) ∗ 2
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
= −2 sin(2𝑡)
𝑑
(2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= 2 ( (𝑡) sin(2𝑡) + (sin(2𝑡))𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(𝑡) = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(sin(2𝑡))
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑
= (sin(𝑢)) (2𝑡)
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
𝑑
(sin(𝑢))
𝑑𝑢
= cos(𝑢)
𝑑
(2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=2 (𝑡) = 2 ∗ 1 = 2
𝑑𝑡
= cos(𝑢) ∗ 2
= cos(2𝑡) ∗ 2
= 2 = 1 ∗ sin(2𝑡) + cos(2𝑡) ∗ 2𝑡
Simplificando
= 2 ∗ sin(2𝑡) + 2 ∗ 2 cos(2𝑡) 𝑡
= 2 sin(2𝑡) + 4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)
= −2 sin(2𝑡) − 4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)
Simplificando
Resolviendo
Agrupando semejantes
1 = −4𝑞1
0 = 4𝑎0
Resolviendo
1 = −4𝑎1
−4𝑎1 = 1
𝑎0 = 0
Soluciones
1
𝑎0 = 0, 𝑎1 = −
4
Sustituyendo en y
1
𝑦 = 0 ∗ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡) + (− ) 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)
4
Simplificando
𝟏
𝒚 = − 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒕)
𝟒
Solución general
1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(2𝑡) + 𝑐2 sin(2𝑡) − 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡)
4