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Company produces distribution transformers with power of 2500 kVA and voltage levels of 10, 20,
30 kV.
Transformers are produced with conservator and with hermetically sealed tank.
They can be installed on power-line poles or on the ground.
Transformers are produced to comply with standard and special requirements.
Slower process of insulation ageing and high stability of dielectric properties enable
considerably extended life of transformer and minimal maintenance costs.
technical characteristics
1 Frequency
Rated frequency is 50 Hz.
warning
The oil level must not be below minimum mark for normal and safe transformer’s
operation.
warning
The oil level must not be below minimum mark for normal and safe transformer’s
operation.
As a default, the conservator is equipped with oil level indicator. In the event that
oil level falls below minimum mark on the scale of oil level indicator, the
transformer must be immediately switched off, any leaks found, sealed and poured
with the oil up to necessary level. Only when these actions are done it is allowed to
start-up the transformer again.
7 Loading of transformers
Transformer should be loaded in accordance with guidelines of standard IEC 354 -
Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers.
9 Withstand voltage
Transformers are designed, manufactured and guaranteed to withstand without
any damage all test voltages according to the customer requirements or according
to requirementa of standards which are stated on the rating plate and in the
routine test report of the transformer.
transformer construction and design
1 Magnetic circuit
The magnetic circuit is made of high quality, cold-rolled, grain-oriented silicon steel
with low magnetic losses.
The magnetic circuit is of the three-leg construction with circle cross-section.
Low level of no-load losses, small magnetizing current and low level of the noise
are achieved by modern cutting and composing technology as well as by optimized
tightening of steel strips.
2 Windings
Both the primary and secondary windings are made of electrolytic copper with the
use of high quality insulating materials. Windings are placed concentrically around
the magnetic circuit legs.
High voltage windings are multi-layer type, wounded with round enameled wire or
rectangular, paper insulated wire, for high power ratings.
Low voltage windings are wounded with rectangular, paper insulated wire or copper foil
insulated with diamond- dotted paper and presspan.
Electrical, thermal and dynamic stability of the transformer is achieved by windings
construction with adequate channels for oil circulation (cooling and hot-spot
temperature limit), right selection of insulation and effective tightening of windings
in axial and radial direction.
3 Tap changer
Transformer is equipped with a three phase off-load tap changer (at HV side) which
enabling voltage regulation only when transformer is de-energized. The voltage
regulation is realized by means of turning the tap changer handle to the required
position.
warning
Transformer must be de-energized while using the tap changer!
4 Voltage selector
Dual primary transformer is equipped with voltage selector besides tap changer.
The voltage selector enables voltage selection only when transformer is de-
energized!
warning
Transformer must be de-energized while using the voltage selector!
5 Tank
The tank is made of high quality steel.
Hermetically sealed and completely filled transformers have tank with corrugated walls.
Transformers with conservator may have tank either with corrugated walls or with cooling
radiators.
High quality of the tank welding provides high mechanical strength and
impermeability so tank withstands, without permanent deformation, all strains
during transport and exploitation.
In accordance with type of the transformer and its installation place the following
facilities can be found on the tank:
warning
Do not use corrugated walls or radiators for lifting, displacement, installation or
securing of the transformer. It may result in damage of the tank or oil leakage!
6 Cover
The following facilities can be found on the transformer cover:
HV and LV bushings,
the tap changer handle,
the voltage selector handle (dual primary type),
thermometer pocket (optional),
oil filling orifice (hole),
lifting lugs for lifting of transformer or its active part,
earthing terminal (optional)
and other facilities according to contract.
7 Conservator
Conservator (expansive vessel) is located horizontally over the tank and mounted
on conservator’s supports connected with the cover. Conservator is designed in
such a way to accept all oil volume variations during temperature change between
-25°C and 100°C.
8 Transformer oil
Transformers are filled with mineral insulating oil. Filling of the transformer with oil
must be done only after vacuuming if the transformer active part. Characteristics of
the transformers oil are in compliance with requirements of standard IEC 296 and
value of the oil breakdown voltage is above 50kV/2.5mm.
9 Anti-corrosive protection
Variant 1 – Protection with organic coats
In this case anti-corrosive protection consists of 4 coats (two primer coats and two
final color coats) with total thickness between 100 and 120 μ m. Final coat color is
dark gray (RAL 7033) as a default. Anti-corrosive protection system may be
particularly adjusted to the requirements of any contract for instance: kind of the
organic coat binder (alkyd, modificated alkyd, epoxy or polyurethane resin),
thickness and color of the final coat.
Varijant 2 – Hot-dip galvanizing
This kind of anti-corrosive protection is effective and more economic (for neutral
environmental conditions) than protection with organic coats. It is realized by hot-
dip galvanizing technology. Hot-dip galvanizing outlasts protection with organic
coats. Quality of zinc film is in compliance with requirements of ISO 1461 standard.
transformer accessories and equipment
1 Thermometer pocket
Transformers are equipped with a thermometer pocket enabling installation of
mercury or double contact thermometer.
Before the installation of these devices thermometer pocket must be half-filled with
the transformer oil.
Unused thermometer pocket must be sealed to prevent water or air entering into
the transformer. Water entering inside the pocket and ice expanding at very low
ambient temperatures may result in pocket damage.
note
Adjusted temperature for generation of tripping signal must not be above 105°C!
note
Adjusted temperature for generation of tripping signal must not be above 105°C!
When the transformer is properly filled with oil only the white indicator should be
visible in the indicating field. Red warning field appears when oil falls below
necessary level for normal operation of the transformer.
4 Buchholz relay
Buchholz relay is a protective instrument for oil-immersed transformers with
conservator. It is placed directly into the pipe connecting the transformer tank and
conservator. This instrument is designed for detecting of faults inside the
transformer tank by monitoring of the oil level fluctuation.
faults
The buchholz relay detects following faults:
Buchholz relay operates when gases appear, loss of oil or flow rate increases what
may happen in the following cases: - electrical breakdown between live parts, -
electrical breakdown between live parts and magnetic circuit or the tank, - short-
circuit between turns, - interruption of phase conductor, - oil leakage from the
transformer tank, - entrance of air into the system.
The upper contact (signalization)
Closes by reacting of corresponding float gauge when gas appears in the relay or
when the oil level changes in the upper part.
The lower contact (turn-off)
Closes by reacting of corresponding float gauge when the oil level falls to the
bottom of the relay or when the oil flow speed is between 65 and 150cm3/s.
The buchholz relay must be installed with the arrow pointing to the conservator!
5 Safety valve
Safety valve is used as one of the protective devices for hermetically sealed
transformers.
Safety valve reaction enables releasing of oil from the transformer tank and
thereby overpressure caused by various internal faults can be instantaneously
relieved. This will prevent permanent deformation or even explosion of the
transformer tank.
Safety valve’s overpressure of reacting can be adjusted and its adjustment range is
between 0.03MPa and 0.040Mpa.
6 Dehydrating breather
Transformers with conservator are equipped with the dehydrating breather. The
dehydrating breather collects all moisture from air and prevents it for entering the
transformer tank. It contains silica-gel (SiO2 crystals) which absorbs the air
moisture and changes its color during air convection.
When silica-gel changes its color in the 2/3 of its volume it must be dried (drying
temperature120°C to150°C) or it must be replaced.
Oil valve of the dehydrating breather must be filled with the oil.
Transport
Displacement of the transformer can be done in the following manners:
Lifting – by means of chains or the lifting beam
Transformer can be lifted by means of the lifting lugs placed on the transformer
cover (2 or 4 psc.)
Pulling – by means of the pulling eyes
Default construction of the transformer support has the pulling eyes (with holes
diameter 12.5mm or 15mm) designed especially for this purpose. Pulling is
possible into two directions:
along longitudinal axis or
along transversal axis of the transformer.
Displacement by the forklift
Displacement by the forklift is possible when forks of the forklift are leaned on the
reinforcements of the transformer support.
note
Do not use corrugated walls, radiators, accessories or equipment, which is not
especially designed for displacement, lifting, installation or securing of the
transformer during transport! It may result in damage of the transformer tank or
oil leakage!
Weels
Placing and removing of the weels
Place solid wooden beams a little higher than wheels underneath the transformer, positioned
transversly to the transformer support.
Put transformer on the beams and fix every wheel with corresponding screws.
Lift the transformer, remove beams and carefully lean the transformer to its wheels.
Removing of the wheels has to be done in reverse order of actions.
Transformers can be also transported in wooden boxes designed and constructed
according to regulations for the overseas transport. Transformer is fixed to the
floor of the wooden box with screws, wheels are already disassembled and als fixed
to the floor next to the transformer. Packing list with the routine test report and
installation manual are packed inside the wooden box together with the
transformer. Manipulation with the wooden box must be done according to signs
placed on the box.
note
Compare technical characteristics of the transformer from your order with data
stated on the rating plate (rated power, rated voltages, vector group, etc.).
Transformer installation
At place of the installation, transformer’s weight must be distributed evenly across
all supporting points and all indicators should be visible and easily accessible.
Transformers can be installed:
1. indoor
2. outdoor (two ways):
ground installation–on the flat and solid surface
on the pole–using hooks or on the platform
Ventilation system
When transformer is going to be installed inside an electric room (the indoor
installation), particular attention should be paid to the ventilation in the installation
room (necessary for the cooling of the transformer) i.e. leading away of the heat
generated because of the total losses during the transformer operation.
We are recommending the following variants for the ventilation system of the
transformer installation room:
System without fan
Effective ventilation system consist of two openings, one is for the input of air at
ground level with cross-section area S(m2) and the other opening for the output of
air at height H (m) above the input opening, with its cross-section area S’(m2).
Necessary surfaces of the openings would be calculated as follows:
S(m²)=0.18*P(kW)/√H(m) i
S'(m²)=1.10*S(m²)
Where P(kW) is sum of no-load losses, load losses and losses of other electrical equipment
sharing the installation room.
This formula is valid for the yearly average ambient temperature of 20°C, maximal
altitude above sea level of 1000m and for maximal difference between the
openings air temperatures of 15°C.
It is also necessary that transformer must be placed at least 200mm from any solid
barrier otherwise available transformer’s power will be lower than rated because of
deteriorated cooling conditions and difficult air circulation around transformer.
System with fan
In the case of narrow and poorly ventilated rooms as well as when air temperature
inside room is much above the outside air temperature it is necessary to embed
ventilator into the output opening.
The ventilator flow (m3/s) in this case should be 0.10*P, where P (kW) is the value
of the total losses of the transformer and other electrical equipment sharing the
installation room.
note
Transformer must be de-energized while changing the voltage selector handle
position!
Transformer operation
1 Transformer operation
During normal transformer operation it should be treated according to the internal
manuals of user.
2 Overloading
In the case of need for overloading, act according to guidelines of standard IEC
354: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers.
note
If any irregularities are discovered during the inspection, it may become necessary
to untank the transformer to determine the cause.
If there is any suspicion that gases accumulated in the transformer tank,
underneath the cover do not carry out any electrical measurements. This may
result in a spark and cause an explosion of accumulated gases. Measurements
should be only carried out when the active part is removed from the transformer
tank!
transformer oil
new in technology
New in control
1 Impulse generator
5 LCR meter
Type: HP 4263B
Manufacturer: HEWLETT PACKARD
Guarantee
This product is guaranteed by Trafo for a period specified in contract and
in the product guarantee list. The guarantee covers defects due to faulty
workmanship, materials and equipment.
The guarantee applies provided the product is handled properly for its internal use,
in accordance with its operation instruction and upon presentation of required
documents.
Trafo may not apply guarantee if ::