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TWO QUADRANT CHOPPER DRIVE FOR THE DC

MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

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AIM:
The main aim of the project is to develop a speed control system for DC motor using two-
quadrant chopper. Using two-quadrant chopper it is possible to demonstrate forward &reverse
motoring and braking.

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the project is to implement a simple and cost effective process to control the
speed of DC motors using the most popular technique two-quadrant chopper method.

METHODOLOGY:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

LCD DISPLAY

Power
supply

IGBT
Driver
Microcontroller circuit

KEY PAD

1-p AC

Rectifier
IGBT Chopper

MOTOR

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POWER SUPPLY:

Step Down Bridge Filter Regulator

Transformer Rectifier Circuit section

DESCRIPTION:
In this project armature is excited by a variable dc supply obtained from two-quadrant
chopper. The system is provided with various control keys, such as START, STOP, REVERSE,
FORWARD and REVERSE BRAKE. Using these keys, the user can set the motor to run in any
one of the following modes, namely Forward motoring and reverse braking. The speed can be
varied by varying the voltage given to the PWM converter (using keypad). The speed of DC
motor is directly proportional to armature voltage and inversely proportional to flux. By
maintaining the flux constant, the speed can be varied by varying the armature voltage. The
direction of rotation is reversed by reversing either field or armature voltage.

Moreover, the system is provided with Soft start facility i.e., starting the motor without
allowing the armature current to exceed the full load current. The Hardware of this system
includes uncontrolled rectifier using diodes, chopper using IGBT’S, control keys, speed adjust
potentiometer and other logical circuits.

TECHNOLOGY:
There are several applications with dc motors in our daily life. We require different speeds at
different instants depending on the applications. There are several techniques to control the speed
of dc motor; PWM technique is one in those. PWM stands for pulse width modulation. Pulse
width modulation (PWM) is a powerful technique for controlling analog circuits with a
processor’s digital outputs.

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SOFTWARE USED:

1. Embedded C
2. Keil IDE
3. Uc-Flash or ISP
4. Express PCB

HARDWARE USED:
1. 8051
2. power supply
3. Keypad
4. LCD Display
5. IGBT Driver circuit
6. IGBT Chopper
7. DC Motor
8. Rectifier circuit

APPLICATIONS:

1. Motor speed regulation

2. In manufacturing industries
3. Speed control of DC motor

ADVANTAGES:

1. Reliable operations at large currents

2. Controls the process
3. Ease of operation

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RESULT:
Hence, by using this project we can effectively control the speed of DC motor by using two-
quadrant chopper method.

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