AIR AND FUEL STAGING

IN PULVERIZED COAL
FIRED BOILERS

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

AIR STAGING IN PULVERIZED
COAL-FIRED BOILERS

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

AIR STAGING IN TANGENTIALLY FIRED BOILERS
axial radial combined
staging staging staging
over-

stoichiometric

stoichiometric
under-

ubder-
over-

over-

over-

over-
under-
stoichio
metric

λ<1

λ>1

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

AXIS AIR STAGING USING OFA NOZZLES

Spalanie z małym
Lean
nadmiarem O2
λ>1 combustion

OFA
OFA
nozzles Spalanie
Rich z
niedomiarem O2
λ<1 combustion

Powietrze
Air

Paliwo
Fuel

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

 RADIAL AIR STAGING –
DIFFERENT RADIUS OF COAL AND AIR
Fuel
Fuel rich
zone
Air

e l
Fu % of air
30
30% of air
COMBUSTION AND FUELS
AIR STAGING SYSTEM LNCFS

OFA1 & oil burner

core air

bottom air & oil burner

pulv. coal nozzle 2 core air pulverized

pulv. coal nozzle 1 coal

secondary air
& oil burner

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

OFA NOZZLES IN OP 430 BOILER

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

OFA NOZZLES ON SIDE WALL OF OP 650 BOILER

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

FUEL STAGING IN
THE PF BOILERS

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

FUEL STAGING: Minimum Pollution (PM) METHOD

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

FUEL STAGING: system of pulverized coal supply
(Power Plant ŁAGISZA)

looseCOMBUSTION ANDpulverized
pulverized coal dense FUELS coal
Fuel staging in wall-fire boiler furnace

burners for loose

pulverised coal stream

upper burners for dense

pulverized coal stream

COMBUSTION AND FUELS

Combined low-NOx combustion methods I

Low-NOx boiler furnace with cyclone reburning of unburnt char,

1 – natural gas, 2 – pulverized coal, 3 – air,
4 – flueCOMBUSTION
gas recirculation, AND FUELS
5 – bottom ash disposal
Combined low-NOx combustion methods II

Low-NOx boiler furnace with fluidized reburning of unburnt char,

1 – natural gas, 2 – pulverized coal, 3 – air,
COMBUSTION AND FUELS
4 – flue gas recirculation
 FUEL STAGING:
reburning

Zone of unburnt fuel

combustion
λ>1

Reburning zone
λ>1 Additional air λ<1
(reduction NOx to N2)
Reburning fuel
(10-25%) Basic burning zone
Coal Basic fuel - coal λ>1
(100%) (75-90%)

Conventional combustion Combustion with

reburning
COMBUSTION AND FUELS