ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #2) NOTES - PAGE 3

PRONOUNS
DEFINITION: A word that takes the place of one or more nouns. A pronoun can do anything a noun can do.
Pronouns are even occasionally modified by adjectives! The only way to learn pronouns, unfortunately, is to
MEMORIZE THEM. There are four main categories of pronouns in our language:

PERSONAL PRONOUNS: These pronouns occur in four “cases.”

Subjective Objective Possessive Reflexive

I me mine myself
you you yours yourself/yourselves
he him his* himself
she her* hers herself
it it its itself
we us ours ourselves
they them theirs themselves

(Just memorize all these pronouns; you won’t have to worry about which are objective and which
are subjective for now.)

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS: this*, that*, these*, those*

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS: These also often come in “cases.”

Subjective Objective Possessive No Case

who whom whose which, what
whoever whomever whosever whichever, whatever

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
each* anybody many*
either* anyone more*
neither* anything much*
one* everybody most*
some* everyone both*
any* everything few*
other* somebody several*
another* someone all*
none something two*, three* etc.
nobody
no one
nothing

Pronouns do the same jobs that nouns do; we'll learn about those jobs later.

" # $ % & ' ( ) * + * , - ( ' ' ( . / 0 . $ . + 1 2 , 3 / 0 * 4 0 . 5 6 3 , % * ' 0 . / 5 . & / 0 1 7 $ 6 . . % . 8 0 6 * 9 , 0 ' 0 6 , . & 2 6 : & % 1 ; < = > ? < @ A

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 ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #2) NOTES - PAGE 4

*NOTE: In the lists of pronouns on the first page, there were some that had asterisks next to them. Those pronouns
with asterisks can also be used as adjectives sometimes. If the word in question is an adjective, you would already
know it by now because it would have answered the question “Which?” Look at the examples below:

pn adj n
Jack loaned me his book. (Note that HIS is being used as an adjective in this sentence)
pn art n pro
Jack said the book was his. (Note that HIS is a pronoun in this sentence)

Many words that you might think of as pronouns (such as MY, YOUR, OUR) can only be used as adjectives. That’s
why they are not listed with the personal pronouns on the first page. Some grammar books call these words “posses-
sive pronouns.” In this program, however, we call them adjectives if they are doing an adjective’s job and pronouns
if they are doing a pronoun’s job.

ANTECEDENTS: An antecedent is the noun or nouns that the pronoun stands for. You usually concern yourself
with antecedents when you are using the personal pronouns. Here’s an example:

pn pro
Jane said she was tired. (The word JANE is the antecedent for SHE.)

" # $ % & ' ( ) * + * , - ( ' ' ( . / 0 . $ . + 1 2 , 3 / 0 * 4 0 . 5 6 3 , % * ' 0 . / 5 . & / 0 1 7 $ 6 . . % . 8 0 6 * 9 , 0 ' 0 6 , . & 2 6 : & % 1 ; < = > ? < @ A