1718 AP Calculus AB Top 58 Questions-Answers

1718-12S AP AB Math Top 58 solutions Updated on: 12/08/2017 Page 1 of 53
12S AP AB Math Top 58 Solutions
1. a) y2  3  x y
Derive x and y with respect to t
dy dx dy
2 y  . y  .x
dt dt dt
dy
t  10  y  3and  8
dt
dx
t  10   ??
dt
y  3 x y
2
3 2  3  3 x  x  2 at t  10
dx
 2  3  8   3  8 2
dt
dx
48  16  3
dt
dx 32
 
dt 3
b) Derive y with respect to x

2 y y  y  xy
y  2 y  x   y
dy y

dx 2 y  x
dy y
c) Horizontal tangent  0 0
dx 2 y x
 y 0
subsitute in the given equation we get 0  3
dy
 cannot be zero.
dx
so the curve C can not have any horizontal tangent
1
d) The slope of the tangent line is equal to the slope of line y 
3
dy 1
 
dx 3
y 1
 
2 y x 3
 2 y x3 y
 y  x
6
Substitute in the given equation, we get x  
2
6 6
For x   y 
2 2
6 6
And for x    y
2 2
 6 6   6 6
 The points are   ,  and  ,  
 2 2   2 2 
2. a)
dy
Points
dx y
(0, 0) –2  2 
(1, 0) –5/3
(–1, 0) –7/3
(0, 1) –1  1 
(1, 1) –2/3
(–1, 1) –4/3 x
(0, 2) 0  O 
–1 1
(1, 2) 1/3
(–1, 2) –1/3
dy 1
b)  x y2
dx 3
1 d2 y 1 1 d2 y 1 5
 y   y    x y2  2
 x y
3 d x2 3 3 dx 3 3
d2 y 1 5
c)  0  x  y  0
dx 2 3 3
1 5
 y x
3 3
This is the region in the xy – plane above the line with equation
1 5
y x
3 3
dy
d)  0 at the point (0, 2)  f  x  has a critical point at (0, 2)
dx
d2y 1
  0  f  x  concave up at  0 ,2 
dx  0 ,2  3
2
 At  0 ,2  f  x  has a relative minimum
e) If y  ax  b is a solution
1
 x  y  2  ( ax  b )'
3
1
 x  ax  b  2  a
3
1 
 a    a  x  b  2
3 
This equality is true if
1
a 0 & b 2a
3
1 5
 a & b
3 3
y  e3 x  x , y2
2
3. a)
y y  Graphical calculator 
 x1  0.252609 & x2  2.747739
 Area  K    e 
x2
3 x  x2
 2 dx  10.520
x1
y  e3 x  x , y1
2
b)
y  y  Graphical calculator 
 x1  0 & x2  3

Area  G    e 3 x  x  1 dx  Area  K  
3 2
 13.247  10.520
 2.727
c) 
R x   e3 x  x  1
2
 ; r  x  2  1 1
V    
 e 3 x  x 2  1 2  1 2  dx
 
x2
x1  
dy
4. a)   y  1 1  2 x   y  2 xy  1  2 x
dx
y  y  1  2 x   2  y  1 
But at  3,2  , y  5
 at  3,2  , y  23
dy
b)  ( y  1 ) 1  2 x 
dx
dy
 ( y  1 ) 1  2 x 
dx
dy
   1  2 x  dx
y1
ln y  1  x  x 2  C
 at x  3, y  2 ,C  6
 ln y  1  x  x 2  6
y  1  e x x 6
 y  1  ( e x x 6
2 2
)
But y  1   ( e x  x 6
)does not satisfy the condition x  3 & y  2 ,
2
 y  1  e6  e x x hence y  e 6  e x  x  1
2 2
y  2  2cos x , y  e 2 x
2
5. y
a) y  y  Graphical calculator  1.5

 x2  0.6593279
Let x1  0 1
y  2  2cos x
Area  S    e 
x2
2 x 2
 2  2 cos x dx
x1 0.5 S
 A  0.416 y  e2x
2
x
0
R x  e , r  x   2  2cos x
2 x 2 0.5 1 1.5
b)
V     e 2 x     2  2 cos x   dx
x2 2 2 2
x1  
 1.231
c) Width  e 2 x  2  2cos x  height  3 e 2 x  2  2cos x
2
 2

 
2
 Area of rectangle  3 e 2 x  2  2cos x
2
 
2
 V  3
x2
e 2 x  2  2 cos x dx
2
x1
V  0.975
g  x    m  t  dt  3
x
6.
0
1 3 3
g  1   m  t  dt  3    m  t  dt  3  
0
a) 3
0 1 2 2
g  x   m  x 
 g   1   m  1   0
g  x   m  x   g  1   m  1   3
b) g  x  is increasing where g  x   0
g  x   m  x   where m  x   0
  3 x  3  0 and 3x  3  0
 x1 and x  1
 x  1,1 
c) g  x  Concave down where g  x   0
But g  x   m  x   where m  x   0
 3 when 0  x  3
and m'( x )  
 3 when 0  x  3
 x  0 ,3 
d)
For x   0 ,1  , m'( x )  0  g"( x )  0
 g is concave down.
For x   1,0  , m'( x )  0  g"( x )  0
 g is concave up.
 9
1, 
 2
3
 3
 1, 
 2
1  L x  

300
7. a) Average radius    dx
300  0 0
 2 
1 300
L  x  dx
600  0

b)
3
 L  x  dx   L( C k ) xk  [ L( C 1 )  L( C 2 )  L( C 3 )]  xk
300
0
k 1
Width Height Area

 xk Ck L(Ck) L(Ck).  xk
0-100 100 50 25 2500

100-200 100 150 35 3500
200-360 100 250 25 2700
 L  x  dx  [ 2500  3500  2700 ]  8700

300
1
Avg.radius 
600
 8700   14.5
 L x 
2

250
c)   dx
 2 
90
Represents the volume of water pipe in mm3 from the place of 90

mm to the place of 250 mm
d) L  0   L  100   20
 c1   0 ,100   L  c1   0  Using the Mean Value Theorem 

L  150   L  300   35
   c2  such that L  c2   0  c3   c1 ,c2   L  c3   0  Using Rolle's theorem 
8. g  x   3x g  x  , g  2   15
3 g  x 
a)
d
 g  x    g  x   3 g  x   x
dx 2 g x
9 2
 g  2   3 g  2   2
2
 3 15  18
dy
b)  3x y ,  2,15 
dx
dy
  3 x dx
y
3 2
2 y x C
2
But at x  2 ; y  15
 2 15  6  C
 C  2 15  6
3 x2
2 y  2 15  6
2
3 x2
 y  15  3
4
2
 3 x2 
 y  15  3 
 4 
  3 f   x   5  dx
1
9. a)
1.5
 3 f  x   5 x 1.5
1
  3  3   5    3  8    7.5  
  9  5    24  7.5 
 4   31.5 
 4  31.5
 27.5
b) i. f   0.5   3 ; f  0.5    5
 y  5  3  x  0.5  is the equation of the tangent
ii. f  0.4   5.3
iii. Given that f   x   0  The curve concave up  the tangent

line approximation is less than the exact value of f  0.4 
c) Using the Mean Value Theorem

f   0   f   1 
f   c  
0   1 
10  1

1
9
 r 9
10. a)
9 8 4 5 9
 +  
g  x
g  x
g  x  has a relative minimum at x   8
b) g  x  has a relative maximum at x   4
c) g  x   0 for values of x where g  x  is decreasing

 7  x  2, 5  x  9
d) Absolute maximum occurs at a relative maximum or at g  9  , or at
g 9
Let us compare g  4  , g  9  and g  9 
From the table of variation above, g  9  is less than g  9  and
g  4  , so it is enough to compare g  9  with g  4 

4
g( 4 )  g( 9 )   g'( x )dx
9
4 8 4
and
9
 g'( x )dx   g'( x )dx   g'( x )dx
9 8
8
 g'( x )dx  0( the curve is under the x  axix )

9
4
 g'( x )dx  0 ( the curve is above the x  axis )

8
8 4
and  g'( x )dx   g'( x )dx ( the area of the region above the x  axis is
9 8
greater than the area of the region under the x  axix )

4
  g'( x )dx  0
9
 g( 4 )  g( 9 )  0  g( 4 )  g( 9 )
 Absolute maximum is at x   4
11. a) g  x  has a local minimum at x  1
 g  1   0 & g  1   0
g  x  has an inflection point at x  3
 g  3   0 while changing sign
 2m  n  6 , m  6 & m  18
 m  18 & n  30
1
1
 x4 
b) 0 g  x  dx    6 x 3
 15 x 2
 rx   45
 2 0
1
 6  15  r  45
2
1
21  r  45
2
1
r  23
2
12. (Graphical calculator is needed)
a) The two curves intersect at x  0.7548776
  1 x   x  dx
n
3 2
Area of A =
0
 0.530
 x 2 dx    1  x 3  dx  0.220
x 1
b) Area of B =
0 x
Volume =    1  x 3    x 2   dx  1.770

x 2 2
c)
0  
13. (Graphical calculator is needed)
a) On the interval 1.3 < x < 1.6

g is decreasing  g  x   0  g is concave down on this interval
b) g  x   0 when x = 0; 1.8; 2.5

g changes from positive to negative only at x  1.8
 The absolute maximum must occur at x = 1.8 or at an end
point.
g  1.8    g  x  dx 0.25432439
1.8
g 0   0
g  2    g  x  dx 0.28853528
2
 Absolute maximum is at x  2
1

c) g  1   e 2
sin1  0.510
g  1  g  0    g  x  dx  0  0.158  0.158
1
 y  0.158  0.51( x  1 ) is the equation of the tangent at x  1

10
0   7  20   135
20
14. a) v t dt 
2
The motorcycle travels 135 meters in these 20 seconds.
10
b) v  5  does not exist, because lim v  t   2
t  5 5
lim v  t   0
t  5
lim v  t  does not exist

t 5
10  0 10 5
v  16      m / sec 2
12  20 8 4
c)
 1
 2 ; 0t5

a  t    0 ; 5  t  12
 5
 ; 12  t  20
 4
also a  t  does not exist at t  5 and at t  12
d) The average rate of v on 8 < t < 16

v  16   v  8  5  10 5
    m / sec 2
16  8 8 8
e) No, because v is not differentiable at t = 12

3kx
15. a) i) lim g  x   lim
x  x  e 4kx
3k
 lim  0, k  0
x  4ke 4kx
lim g  x    , k  0
x 
ii) lim g  x    , k  0
x 
lim g  x   0, k  0
x 
b) g  x   3ke 4kx  12k 2 xe 4 x

1
g  x   0  x 
4k k0
k0
1 4k   1 4k 

+  + 
0 3 4e   3 4e 0
 3 
 Range of g  x  is   , 
 4e 
dy
16. a)  ky
dt
 y  y0 e kt
 y  1500e kt
ln 2
2  e6 k  k 
6
ln 2
t
 y 1500e 6
ln 2
t
b) 8 e6
ln 2
 t  ln8  t  18 days
6
ln 2
 12 
c) y  12   1500e 6  4  1500 
By a factor of 4
g  x    f  x  dt
x
17. a)
5
g  x   f  x 
g  x   f   x 
 2  3  2    2    2 
1 1 1 2
g  1    f  t  dt  
5 2 2 3
23

3
2
g   1   f  1   
3
0   2  2
g  1   f   1   
0   3  3
b) g  x   f   x  changes sign

 The abscissa of point of inflection is x  3
h  x    f  t  dt
5
c) i)
x
h  x   0  x  3 & x  3
ii) h  x  is increasing when h  x   0

 h  x    f  x 
  f  x 0
 f  x0
 x  0 ,4 
m 1 
18. a) Area of A     dx
0
 x1
m
 ln x  1  0
 ln  m  1   ln  1 
 ln  m  1 
2
 1 
v  A    
m
b)  dx
0
 x1
1 u x  1
  dx
 x  1 du  dx
2
 u 1 
   u du   
2

 1 
m
 1 
   
 x  1 0
 1 
    1
m 1 
 1 m  1
   
 m1 
m

m1
2
 1 
v  b   
3
m x1
c) dx
 
2
   x  1  dx
3
m
3
 1 
3
 1  1 1 
           
  x  1  m  x  1 m  4 m  1
1
v  B   v  A
2
m 1 1 
     
m1  4 m  1
m 1 1
  
m1 m1 4
3
 m
5
19. a) At x  0 & x  5, f  changes sign from positive to negative
 f has a relative maximum at x  0 & x  5
b) f  changes from increasing to decreasing at x  3

f  changes from decreasing to increasing at x  1
f  changes from increasing to decreasing at x  4
 f has inflection at x  3 , 1 and 4
c) f  is decreasing : 3  x  1, 4  x  6
d) f  changes signs from positive to negative at x  0,5 and at end

points
f  6   10
f 0   x 
0 2
 5 x dx  10  28
6
f 5     x  5 x dx  10  3  1.5 

1 71
2
 23.667
6 3
f  6   23.667  0.5  23.167
 at x  0 the absolute maximum occurs
dy
20.  xdx
y
x2
2 y C
2
But x  3, y  25
9
 10   C
2
11
C 
2
x 2 11
2 y 
2 2
2
 x 2  11 
 y 
 4 
1 2

21. a) Area    lnt  e t  2  dt  0.0067  0.007
1 2 
3
b
1
b) r  t   2   lnt  ; R  t   4  e t ; V     R 2  t   r 2  t   dt
2 a
1
   
2
V     4  e    2  lnt   dt  0.105
2
t
2 1
1  2  
3
1
c) n t   et  lnt  2
2
1
n  t   e t 
2t
1 1
n  t   0  t  0.352   , 
3 2
 1
n    0.055
 3
n  0.352   0.056
 1
n    0.005
2
 Absolute maximum is  0.005 and
the absolute minimum is  0.056
1 128
V    8  4   
2
22. a)
3 3
b) h  2r
1 1
 V   r 2 h   h3
3 12
dV  2
  h cm 3 /hr
dt 16
at h  8cm
dV
 4 cm 3 /hr
dt
dV  h2
c) 
dt 16
 h2
2
 h
and S     
2 4
dV 1
 is directly proportional to S with k 
dt 4
23. a)
b) Since the acceleration is the derivative of the velocity function, and if

the function v  t  is increasing then its derivative is +ve 
acceleration is +ve for 0  t  28 and 36  t  40 .
c) By using the slope of the tangent line to the v(t) graph for 28  t  36
50  82 32
a avg     4
36  28 8
40
d)  v  t  dt  8  10  25  60  82  50 
0
 1816 m
It is the total distance in meters traveled by the train from t = 0 to
t = 40 seconds.
24. a) Use graphing calculator
dh
b) at x  1,  3x 2  4  1
dx
and the slope of y   x  2 is 1
 The line is tangent to the graph
   x  2    x 
2
c)
3
 4 x dx
1
 6.75
0
 
2
d)   x 3  4 x dx  9.752
2
25. a) At x = 2 and x = 4 because the graph of h changes from increasing

to decreasing at x = 4 and changes from decreasing to increasing at x
= 2.
b) Absolute minimum value for h is at x  1 .
c) The absolute maximum value must occur at x  5
d) g  x   1  h  x 
 g  3   1  1  2
& g  3  3  h 3  5
 Equation of tangent is y  5  2  x  3 
26. a)
y
m=2    m=2
3
m=1    m=1
2
   m=0
1
   x
–1 O 1
m=–1 m=–1
dy
b) 0
dx
x 4  y  1  0
 y1
dy
  0 at points  x , y  where x  0 and y  1.
dx
dy
 y  1   x dx
4
c)
x5
ln y  1  C
5
 0 ,0   C  0
x5
 ln y  1 
5
x5
y1 e 5
x5
 y  e 5
1
M 7   M  5  80  75
27. a)  M6     2.5C / cm
7 5 7 5
10
1
M  x  dx
10  0 0
b) M av 
c) i)
1   100  80   80  75   2  75  63   4   63  60   1
M av    3  
10  2 2 2 2 
 76.15C
10
ii)  M   x  dx  M  10   M  0   100  60  40
0
This represents the change in temperature in C over the given

interval.
28. a) 1  cos x  0 x 
 Domain is
sin x
b) f  x 
2 1  cos x
Domain of f   x  all real numbers
Except x  2k , k 
  1  
c) f    & f    1
2 2 2
 
 Equation of normal is y  1  2  x  
 2
  3 
d) Yes. Because f  x  is differentiable at x   and    , 
2 2 
0
Area  R   x  2 x 2  3x  2  2 cos x  dx
3
29. a)
3
 17.532
b) R  x   x 3  2 x 2  3x  3  2cos x
r  x  1
0
V     x 3  2 x 2  3 x  3  2 cos x    1   dx
2 2
3
 
V  464.344
c) x  1.5  y  7.766
y  3 x 2  4 x  3  2 sin x
y x 1.5  0.255
 y  7.76  0.255  x  1.5 
y  0.255 x  7.384 t 
 t   g  x  at x  1.5 and x  1.663
1.663
 Area ( S )    0.255 x  7.384    x  2 x 2  3 x  2  2 cos x   dx

2
1.5
1.663
 x  2 x 2  2.745 x  5.384  2 cos x  dx

3
=
1.5
6
1
 
6
30. a)  f  x dx  ln 3x 2  2 
3 1
1
1 1
  ln110  ln5   ln 22
3 3
b)
1
3
  1
ln 3k 2  2  ln5  ln 22
6

3k 2  2
  22
5
5 22  2
 k
3
f  6   f  1
c)  0.058
5
x3
31.  x  4
2  x2
x  2.3145 (graphic calculator)
a)
y
4
0 x
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
-1
-2
-3
-4
b) area of region
a
  x 3 
M     x  4    2 
dx ; a  2.3146
0   2  x 
 5.204
 a
 x3  
2
V      x  4   
2
c) 2 
 dx

0   2  x  
 57.374  graphic calculator 
a
d) V    area of the equilateral triangle  dx
0
2
3  x3 
a
4 0 
 x  4   dx
2  x2 
 6.493
40
32. a)  v  t dt  10 v  0   v  10   v  20   v  30  
0
 10  8  18.2  14.5  3.6 

 543
40
 v  t dt is the distance; in km traveled by the particle from

0
t = 0 minutes to t = 40 minutes.
b) By the Mean value Theorem, V   t   0 somewhere in the interval
(0, 15)
 the acceleration will equal to 0 for at least one value of t.
40
c) i)  v  t  dt  801.4
0
40
1
v  t dt  20.035 km/ min
40 0
ii)
dy
 x  y  1
2
33.
dx
a)
dy
dx
(–1,0) –1
(0,0) 0
(1,0) 1
(2,1) 0
(1,1) 0
(0,1) 0
(–1,1) 0
(–2,1) 0
b)
x
  1  
   y
–2 –1 0 1 2
c) The function has a horizontal asymptote at y = 1 while the given

graph does not satisfy this condition.
dy
d)  xdx
 y  1
2
1 x2
  C
y1 2
1
f  0   1   C
2
1 x2 1
  
y1 2 2
2
 y1 2
x 1
x2  1
 y 2
x 1
34. a) x  2  1  x  3 or 1
x3
 1, x  2
x3
b) f  x 
x  1
, x2
x3
 f   2  does not exist

c) f  x 
y = 1
d) y 2  2  xy
at t  4 ; y  2
  2  2  x  2
2
 4  2  2x  2x  2  x  1
 at t  4 ; x  1
dy dx dy
now 2 y   y x
dt dt dt
dx
2  2  6    2   6   1
dt
dx
24  2  6
dt
dx
18  2
dt
dx
9
dt
12
35. a)  I  t dt  13388.61
0
b) I  5   O  5   873.0849155  0
 The water is increasing
6
c) 1550    I  t   O  t dt
0
 8053.539
36.
a)
Points Slope
(–1,1) 0
x
(0,1) 0
(1,1) 0
(–1,0) 0   
1
(0,0) 1
   y
(1,0) 2 –2 –1 0 1 2
(–1,–1) 0   
–1
(0, –1) 4
(1,–1) 8
dy
b) y  1 since 0
dx
dy  x
c)   1  sin  dx
 y  1  2 
2
1 2 x
  x  cos C
y1  2
h  1  0
 1 1C
C 0
1 2 x
  x  cos
y1  2
1
 y 1
2 
cos  x
 2
37. v  t   6  5 tan1  e t 
5  e t 
a) a  t   v'  t  
1  e 2t
5e 3
a  3   v'  3    0.248  3d.p.
1  e6
b)  
v  3   6  5 tan1 e 3  1.605  0
Speed is increasing since a  3   0 and v  3   0
c) v  t   0  6  5 tan1  e t   0
tan 1  e t  
6
 1.2
5
e t  tan1.2
t  ln  tan  1.2  
t  0.945 is a critical value.
t 0 0.945
v’(t) + –
v(t)
 absolute maximum at t = 0.945
3
d) x  3   1   v  t  dt  2.231
0
e) The particle is moving away from the origin since

v'  3   0 and x  3   0 .
38.
a)
35
  10  20   20  10   10   10  12   10   12  15   5 
 v  t  dt    10  
10  2 2 2 2 
 150  150  110  67.5  477.5 m
The total distance covered in meters during the time period from t
= 10 sec to t = 35 sec
50
 a  t  dt  v  t   0  v  50   v  0 
50
b)
0
 15   10   25 m/s
The change in v  t  from t = 0 to t = 50 sec
c) Since v  t   15 at t = 35 and v  t   0 at t = 45 and since v  t  is
continuous  by intermediate value theorem, v  t  must assume
the value –8 on the interval (35, 45).
d) v  0   v  20   1
 By MVT there exists t   0,50   a  t   0
 2t 2 
39. v  t     t  2  sin  
 3 
 2t 2  4t  2t 2 
a) a  t   v'  t    sin    cos    t  2 
 3  3  3 
 2t   8t 4t 
2 2
 2t 2 
  sin     cos  
 3   3 3   3 
 a  3   18.924
v  3   1.397
 speed is decreasing because a  3   0 and v  3   0
b) v  t   0  t  0 , t  2.171 , t  3.070 , t  3.760
t 0 2.171 3.070 3.760 4

v(t) – + – +
The particle changes direction at t = 2.171, t = 3.070 and at

t = 3.760.
4
c)  v  t  dt  9.473
0
40. a) g  x    3ln3  k3kx  f   x 

g  x   3  ln 3  k 2 3 kx  f   x 
2
 g  0   3k ln 3  2
& g  0   3k 2  ln 3   1
2
m
b) h  x   f  x   f   x  mx  1
2 mx  1
5m
h  0    2 & h0   5
2
2
 Equation of nomral is: y  5  x
5m  4
41. a) 3  y  3
& 1  x  1
b) x  t  has a local maximum
 x  t   0  2 cos 2t  0

cos 2t  0  2 t   2k
2

smallest t  t  0   t 
4
 
c) t , xt 1 & yt  3
4 4
x'  t   2cos 2t & y'  t   3
 2cos 2t 
2
Speed  9 3
d) Distance = area under v curve distance =



 4 cos 2 2t  9 dt  20.796  5
 y
e) x  y   sin  2 . 
 3
y
 3
2


x

-1 1 1
2 - 2

-2 
 -3 
42. a) f  x   kx 2
1
f  4   1  16 k  1  k 
16
f  x  2 k x
1
f   4   1  2.k .4  1  k 
8
K should be unique  f cannot satisfy (ii)

x2
b) f  x   mx  3
16
42
f  4   1  m .4   1  64m  1  1
3
16
2 1
m 
64 32
2x
f   4   1  3 mx 2  1
16
x4
1
48m  1
2
3
48m 
2
1
m
32
1
 f  x  satisfies  ii  when m 
32
x3 x2
c) f  x 
32 16
Condition in (iii)  0  x  4 f is increasing
1 2 2x 3 2 4x x
f   x   3. .x   x   3 x  4
32 16 32 32 32
4
f   x   0 when 0  x   f  x  is decreasing
3
xm
d) f  x m  0 n 0
n
f 4  1 f 4  1
4m
f  4   1 1
n
xm 1 m m m
f ' 4 m  f   4   1 4 m  1  1  4 1
n n 4n
4m m
  1
n 4
By substitution
m
  1 m  4
4
n  4 4  256
x4
f  x
256
04
Condition (i) f 0    0 true
256
4 x3 x3
f  x    f   0   0 is true
256 64
Condition (ii)
0  x  4  x3  0  f  x   0
 f is increasing
43. y  3x  1
R   1 3 x  1 dx  5.028 u 2
3
a)
3
0 1 x 3
3
b) By Washer Method

v   1   3 2  3  3 x  1   dx
3 2

3  

   1 9  9  6 3 x  1  3 x  1 dx 
3
    1 3 x  6 
3
1 3 x  1 dx  61.27016  61.270
3
y 3 
3
0 1 3
3
c) By Shell Method
v  2   1 7  x  3 x  1 dx
3
 160.073
x7
y
x
 x
0 1 7
3
44. a) x 2  y 2  17 2 (Pythagorean) y
dx dy
2x  2 y 0
dt dt
When y  8 x  17 2  8 2  15
dy
  5 feet / s
dt 
x
dx
 30 .  2.8. 5   0
dt
dx 8
  feet / sec
dt 3
x
b) cos   x  17 cos 
17
dx d
 17 .  sin  .
dt dt
d dx 1
 .
dt dt 17   sin 
15
y  8, x  15  cos  
17
8
sin 
17
d 8 1 1
 .   rd / sec
dt 3  8  3
17.  
 17 
6
45. a)  R  t dt  25.092 gallons
0
t
b) W  t   2500    P  t   R  t   dx
0
c) V   t   P( t )  R  t 
V   4   P( 4 )  R  4   1.909 gallons / hr
d) Volume minimum  V   t   0
P( t )  R  t   0  t  5.118
The value of t that satisfies P  t   R  t   0 is 5.118.
t V(t)
0 2500
5.118 2492.3694
6 2493.2766
The volume of solution is minimum when t = 5.118 hrs.

The minimum volume is 2492.369 gallons.
dy
46. a)  3x  2 y  5
dx
dy
y  ax  b  e cx   a  ce cx
dx
 a  ce cx  3 x  2  ax  b  e cx   5
a  ce cx  3 x  2ax  2b  2e cx  5
a  ce cx   3  2a  x  2e cx   2b  5 
 a  2b  5 2a  3  0 & c  2
3 13
 c  2,a  &b 
2 4
if c  0 ; a   3  2a  x  2  2b  5
a  2b  7 & 3  2a  0
3 17
a &b 
2 4
d2 y dy
b)  3  2  3  2( 3x  2 y  1 )  6 x  4 y  5
dx 2 dx
c) y1  y0   3x0  2 y0  5  0.5
x  0 & y  2
 y1  2   4  5  0.5   1.5
y2  y1   3 x1  2 y1  5  0.5
 0.25
d) y1  y0   3x0  2 y0  5   1
 m   2m  5   3m  5
y2   3m  5    3  6m  15 
But 9m  23  0
23
m
9
dv
47.  3 h cm 3 /cm
dt
a) V = Volume of water =  r 2 h   .5 2 h  25 h

dv
 25
dh
dv dv dh
   3 h  25 .k
dt dh dt
3 h
k
25
dh 3 h
b) 
dt 25
dh 3
 dt
h 25
3
2 h tC
25
when t = 0 ; h = 10  C  2 10
3
2 h t  2 10
25
 3
2

 h   t  10 
 50 
c) Container is empty if h = 0.
3
 t  10  0
50
3t 50 10
 10  t   52.704 sec .
50 3
48. v  t   ln  t 2  5t  7  0t5
t 0 x5
a) i) Particle changes direction  v  0
t 2  5t  7  1
t 2  5t  6  0   t  3  t  2   0
t  3 or t  2
0 2 3
v + – +
The particle change direction when t = 2 or t = 3.
ii) Particle moves to the left  v  0

2t 3
dv 2t  5
b) at   2
dt t  5t  7
2 2  5 1
at t  2 a   1
2  5  2  7
2
1
2
1
v  t  dt
2  0 0
c) Average speed = vav 
2
  ln  t 2  5t  7  dt  1.050
1
20
2
d) x  2    ln  t 2  5t  7  dt  5
0
 7.107

 x1 , 2 x5
49. f  x  
7  x ,
 5 x8
a) lim f  x   lim 7  x   7  5  2
x 5  x 5
f 5  5  1  4  2
lim f  x   lim x  1  5  1  2
x 5  x 5
 f cont at x  5.
1 
8 5 8
1
     
8  2 2 6  2 5
b) f av  f x dx   f x dx  f x dx 

1 
5 8
   x  1 dx   7  x  dx   1.028
6 2 5 
 a x  1 2 x5
c) g x  
 bx  7 5 x8
For g  x  to be continuous at x  5
lim g  x   lim g  x   g  5   2a  5b  7
x 5  x 5 
For g  x  to be differentiable at x  5
lim g  x   lim g  x   a  4b
x 5  x 5 
28 7
Solving the two equations in a and b we get a  and b 
3 3
40
50. a)  F  t dt  8  F  8   F  16   F  24   F  32   F  40  
0
 8  12.7  18.2  12.2  7.3  7.8 

 465.6
b) This is an approximation of the total flow in liters of water from the

pipe in the 40-hour period.
c) Yes, since F  0   F  40   7.8 so by the Mean Value Theorem; there

is a t, t   0,40  such that F   t   0 .
40
d)
1 1

40 0 82
 536  24t  t 2  dt
 5.886
51. The rate at which cars enter a workshop on a given day is given by the function
123
f t   .
t 2  25t  180
The rate at which cars leave the same workshop on the same day is given by the function
97
g t   .
2
t  36t  360
Both f  t  and g  t  are measured in cars per hour and time t is measured in hours after
midnight, these functions are valid for 8  t  22 , the hours the workshop is open. At time
t  8 , there are no cars in the workshop.
a) How many cars, to the nearest whole number, have entered the workshop by
6.00 P.M.?
18
123
 t 2  25t  180dt  40.16325653  40
8
b) The cost of repairing the car is $20 until 6.00 P.M. After 6.00 P.M., the cost of
repairing the car is $25. Find, to the nearest whole number, the total amount of
money collected on a given day.
18 22
20  f  t dt  25  f  t dt  961.6919017  $962
8 18
t
c) Let K  t     f  x   g  x  dx for 8  t  22 . The value of K 18 to the
8
nearest whole number is 24. Find the value of K  18 and explain the meaning
of K 18 and K  18 in the context of the workshop.
5
K   18   f  18   g  18  
12
K  18   24 , there were 24 cars in the workshop at 6.00 P.M.
5
K   18    The number of cars is decreasing at a rate of
12
5
car/hour at 6.00 P.M.
12
dy y  2
52. Consider the differential equation  where x  0 .
dx x2
a) Sketch the slope field for the given differential equation at the nine points
indicated.
 1  
 2  
   y
3 1 2
b) Find the particular solution y  f  x  to the differential equation with the initial
condition f  3  1
dy dx 1
 2  ln y  2    C
y2 x x
y  2  e  1 x e c  y  2  e c e 1 x
 2  e c e 1 3
1
true if C   y  2  e 1 3  1 x
3
c) For the particular solution y  f  x  described in part (b), find lim f  x  .
x 
lim f  x   1  e 1 3
x 
53. The height, in feet, of a cylinder with constant radius is a twice differentiable function h
of time t where t is measured in minutes. For 0  t  14 , the graph of h is concave down.
The table gives selected values of the rate of change, h  t  , of the height of the cylinder
over time interval 0  t  14

t (minutes) 0 3 5 9 11 14
h  t  6.1 3.6 3.2 2.5 2.0 1.7
a) Use a right Riemann sum with five subintervals indicated by the data in the
14
table to approximate  h  t dt . Using correct units, explain the meaning of
0
14
 h  t dt in terms of the height of the cylinder.
0
14
 h  t dt  3  3.6   2  3.2   4  2.5   2  2.0   3  1.7   36.3 ft

0
14
 h  t   change in height in feet from t  0 to t  14

0
14
b) Is your approximation in part (a) greater or less than  h  t dt ? Explain.
0
14
h is concave down and 
h is decreasing
  this approximation is less than

 h  t  dt
0
 1
54. For a function f, f   x   cos  x   , 2  x  5
 x
a) Find the values of x for which the graph has a stationary point
  2.0569524   4.915814
b) Find the values of x on which the graph is increasing
2  x    x5
c) Find the values of x on which the graph is concaved up
3.4328922  x  5
d) Does the tangent at x  3 lie above or below the graph of f  x  ?
 1   1
f   x     1  2  sin  x  
 x   x
 f   3   0.508  0  tangent is above
55. A big rectangular reservoir of length 120 m, width 100 m and depth 50 m, contains 1,500
cubic meters of water at t  0 .
Water is leaking from the reservoir at a rate r  t  cubic meters per hour,
t  h 0 3 6 9 12
r t  0 120 150 180 200
During the same time interval, water is poured in at a rate of R  t   37e0.3t m3/hr.
a) Use the midpoint Riemann sum to approximate the amount of water that is
leaked during the 12 hrs.
 120  6    180  6   1800m 3

b) Calculate the amount of water pumped in during the 12 hours.
12
 R  t dt  4390m
3
0
c) What is the rate of increase of the water in the reservoir at t  6 hrs and how
fast is the level of water increasing?
223  150  73m 3 / hr

V   120  100  h
dV dh
  12000 
dt dt
dh
  0.00608 m / hr
dt
 0.006
56.
r(t)
700
600
500
400
300
200
120
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
Time (hours)
There are 50 people waiting to go into an open air concert. The doors are open for 2
hours only and people starts going in at a rate of 400 per hour. The graph shows the rate
at which people arrive to go in during the two hours.
a) How many people arrive between t  0 and t  0.75
 400  600 
   0.75   375
 2 
b) Is the number of people waiting to go in increasing between t  0.75 and t  1 ?
 600  400 
0.25    125 arriving
 2 
 0.25  400   100 coming in
125  100
 The number is increasing
c) Write an equation involving an integral expression whose solution gives the
earliest time at which there is no more people waiting to go in.
t
50  375  125    400 x  800 dx  t  400
1
57. The function f is continuous and differentiable for 3  x  4 , and f  0   3 . The graph
of f  is given below.
2  (4, 2)
1
3 2 1 1 2 3 4
x
1
 2 
(3, 2)
a) Find f  3 and f  3

3
 f   x dx  f  3   f  0 
0

  2  f  3  3
4

 f  3   1
4
3
 f   x dx  f  3   f  0 
0

  2  f  3   3
4

 f  3   5
4
b) Find the absolute maximum of f.

f  1  3 
4

f  1   3 
4

f  3  1 
4

f  3   5
4

f 4  2 
4

 Absolute maximum is 5 
4
c) Find the critical points for the function f and classify each.
at x  1 inflection saddle points
at x  3 minimum turning points
d) Find the average value of f   x  on 3  x  4 .

4
f   x dx   f  4   f  3  
1 1

7 3 7
1    1  
  2    5     3
7 4 4  7 2 
58.
a) At x  2, f has a relative minimum at which f changes sign
from negative to positive
b) f  is differentiable, hence f is continuous on the interval

f   2   f   2  0  0
2  x  2 &  0
2   2  4
Therefore, by Mean Value Theorem, there is at least one value of c,
2  c  2 , such that f   c   0
1 1 6
c) h  x   . f   x   h  3     6   
f  x 11 11
f   g  x   g  x  dx   f  g  x     f  g  3    f  g  3  
3
d) 
3
3
 f  2   f  2   3  9  6

1718 AP Calculus AB Top 58 Questions-Answers

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1718-12S AP AB Math Top 58 solutions Updated on: 12/08/2017 Page 1 of 53

12S AP AB Math Top 58 Solutions

b) Derive y with respect to x

 At  0 ,2  f  x  has a relative minimum

a) y  y  Graphical calculator  1.5

Width Height Area

0-100 100 50 25 2500

 L  x  dx  [ 2500  3500  2700 ]  8700

Represents the volume of water pipe in mm3 from the place of 90

 c1   0 ,100   L  c1   0  Using the Mean Value Theorem 

ii. f  0.4   5.3

iii. Given that f   x   0  The curve concave up  the tangent

c) Using the Mean Value Theorem

g  x  has a relative minimum at x   8

b) g  x  has a relative maximum at x   4

c) g  x   0 for values of x where g  x  is decreasing

d) Absolute maximum occurs at a relative maximum or at g  9  , or at

Let us compare g  4  , g  9  and g  9 

From the table of variation above, g  9  is less than g  9  and

g  4  , so it is enough to compare g  9  with g  4 

 g'( x )dx  0( the curve is under the x  axix )

 g'( x )dx  0 ( the curve is above the x  axis )

greater than the area of the region under the x  axix )

11. a) g  x  has a local minimum at x  1

12. (Graphical calculator is needed)

a) The two curves intersect at x  0.7548776

Volume =    1  x 3    x 2   dx  1.770

13. (Graphical calculator is needed)

a) On the interval 1.3 < x < 1.6

b) g  x   0 when x = 0; 1.8; 2.5

 y  0.158  0.51( x  1 ) is the equation of the tangent at x  1

lim v  t  does not exist

d) The average rate of v on 8 < t < 16

e) No, because v is not differentiable at t = 12

b) g  x   3ke 4kx  12k 2 xe 4 x

b) g  x   f   x  changes sign

ii) h  x  is increasing when h  x   0

b) f  changes from increasing to decreasing at x  3

d) f  changes signs from positive to negative at x  0,5 and at end

f 5     x  5 x dx  10  3  1.5 

b) Since the acceleration is the derivative of the velocity function, and if

24. a) Use graphing calculator

25. a) At x = 2 and x = 4 because the graph of h changes from increasing

b) Absolute minimum value for h is at x  1 .

c) The absolute maximum value must occur at x  5

This represents the change in temperature in C over the given

 Area ( S )    0.255 x  7.384    x  2 x 2  3 x  2  2 cos x   dx

 x  2 x 2  2.745 x  5.384  2 cos x  dx

 10  8  18.2  14.5  3.6 

 v  t dt is the distance; in km traveled by the particle from

b) By the Mean value Theorem, V   t   0 somewhere in the interval

c) The function has a horizontal asymptote at y = 1 while the given

 f   2  does not exist

e) The particle is moving away from the origin since

b) v  t   0  t  0 , t  2.171 , t  3.070 , t  3.760

t 0 2.171 3.070 3.760 4

The particle changes direction at t = 2.171, t = 3.070 and at

40. a) g  x    3ln3  k3kx  f   x 

b) x  t  has a local maximum

d) Distance = area under v curve distance =

K should be unique  f cannot satisfy (ii)

The volume of solution is minimum when t = 5.118 hrs.

a) V = Volume of water =  r 2 h   .5 2 h  25 h

ii) Particle moves to the left  v  0