CSC128

FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING

Topic 3:
Selection Control Structure (Part 2)
 Objectives

 Nested selection
 Switch statement
 C-string functions
 The Nested if

b) Non-Linear nested if statement

 Known as the nested if

 Occurs when a number of different conditions
need to be satisfied before a particular action
can occur
 Inside if, has one or more if
 The Nested if

 Syntax:
if (condition1)
if (condition2)
Statement1
else
Statement2

if (x < 7)
if (x > 5)
cout << “x is 6”;
The Nested if
 The Nested if

 Re-write:

if (x < 7)
{
if (x > 5)
cout << “x is 6”;
}
 The Nested if

 Find the policy rate based on gender and age as

in the following table.

Gender Age Rate

< 21 0.05
Male
≥ 21 0.035
< 21 0.04
Female
≥ 21 0.03
The Nested if
 Switch Structures

 switch statement is an alternative method for

multiple selections.

 It is often used to replace the nested if statement to

avoid confusion of deeply nested ifs.
Switch Structures
 Switch Structures

 Syntax:
switch (expression)
{
case value1: statement1;
break;
case value2: statement2;
break;
…
case valueN: statementN;
break;
default: default statement; //optional
}
 Switch Structures

switch (choice)
{
case 1 : do something;
break;
case 2 :
case 3 : do something;
do something;
break;
default: do something else;
}
 Switch Structures

 Value of the switch expression matched with one of

the labels attached to a branch
switch (choice)
{
case 1 : do something;
break;
case 2 :
case 3 : do something;
do something;
break;
default: do something else;

}
 The statement(s) with the match get executed
 Switch Structures

 Switch expression is the expression in

parentheses whose value determines which switch
label is selected
 cannot be floating point
 usually is int or char

 Identifiers following case must be constants

 Switch Structures

switch (choice)
• break is typically used
{ between cases to avoid
case 1 : do something; fall through
break;
case 2 : • The default statement
case 3 : do something; is executed if the
do something; value of the switch
break; expression is NOT
default : do something; found among switch
} labels
// next statement
 Switch Structures

Example :

cin >> grade

swith ( grade )
{
case 'A' : cout << "Score: 90-100";
break;
case 'B' : cout << "Score: 80-89";
break;
case 'C' : cout << "Score: 70-79";
break;
case 'D' : cout << "Score: 60-69";
break;
case 'E' : cout << "Score: 0-59";

default: cout << "Invalid grade was entered!";

}
Switch Structures
Switch Structures
 String Library Function

 Use string predefined functions (string.h) and must be

included in the preprocessor directive command.
 eg : #include <string.h>

 Most commonly used string functions :-

 strcpy()
 To copy (to assign) a string into another string
variable.
 Syntax :- strcpy(destination array, source array);
 strcmp()
 To compare between two string variables.
 Syntax :- strcmp(s1, s2);
if s1=s2 then return value is 0
 String Library Function (Cont…)

 strlen()

 Will return the length of string variable

 Syntax :- strlen(string variable);
 strcat()

 Will concatenate two string variables together.

 Syntax :- strcat(s1, s2);

More : Liang, Page 313

 String Library Function
Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
char str1[]="Sample string";
char str2[40];
char str3[40];
strcpy (str2,str1);
strcpy (str3,"copy successful");
cout << "str1: "<< str1 << "\nstr2: " <<
str2 << "\nstr3: " <<str3;
return 0;
}
 String Library Function

Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
char str1[20];
char str2[20];
strcpy (str1,"To be ");
strcpy (str2,"or not to be");
strcat (str1, str2);
cout << str1;
return 0;
}
 String Library Function
Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char fruit_1[] = "apple";
char fruit_2[80];

cout<< “What is your favourite fruit? ";

cin.getline(fruit_2, 80);

if (strcmp (fruit_1,fruit_2) == 0)
cout<< "Same fruit!";
else
cout << "Different fruit!";
return 0;
}
 String Library Function

Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char name[40];

cout << "Enter a string:" << endl;

cin.getline(name,40);
cout << "Its length is: " << strlen(name) << "
characters\n";
return 0;
}
 Test Yourself 1

 Display the song name based on user’s choice below.

Artis Song
[1 ] As Long As You Love Me
[A] Backstreet Boys
[2] I Want It That Way
[1] This I Promise You
[B] N SYNC
[2] Bye Bye Bye
 Test Yourself 2

 Display the artist’s name based on user’s choice

below.
Choice Artist
1 Backstreet Boys
2 N SYNC
3 Boyzone
4 Spice Girls
 Test Yourself 3

 Display the song based on artis’s name below.

Artist Song
Backstreet Boys Larger Than Life
N SYNC Bye Bye Bye
Boyzone Picture Of You
Thank You

END