Bill McCarty Traducere de Mihai Manastireanu AUT =o TeoraTitu orginal: PHP 4 A BEGINNER'S GUIDE = Copyright © 2002 Teora ‘Toate drepturile asupra versiuni in limba romané apartin Edlturli Teora, Reproducerea integrala sau parfiald a toxtulul sau a ilustratilor din aceasta carte ‘este posiblé numai cu acordul prealabil sris al Edituri Teore, Original edition copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Romanian edition copyright © 2004 by Editura Teora, All rights reserved. Teora Calea Mosilor nr, 211, sector 2, Bucuresti fax 01/210.38.28 e-mail: teora@toora.kappa.10 : eora~ Cariea prin posta GP 78-30, cod 72450 Bucurestl, Romania, tal: 017052.14.31 e-mail: epp@teore keppa.ro Coperti: Gheorghe Popescu Tehnoredactare: Techno Media Director Editorial: Diana Rotary Presedinte: Teodor Raducanu NOT 4985 CAL PHP4 ISBN 973-601-737-0 Printed in Romania Cuprins Introducere PARTEAI Scrierea programelor PHP elementare 1 Creates programelor PHP : 2 Elementele constructive ale limbsjuhii PHP 3 Crearea formolaselor HTML 4 Acoesul a date nw : 5 Lucral cu valor sealare PARTEA ATEA Scrierea unor programe PHP cu un grad avansat de complexitate 6 Scriezea instructiunilor PHP condigionale 7 Usilizarea funcyilor 8 Usilizarea tablourilor 9 Usilizarea sirutilor. PARTEA A IILA Lucrul cu date stocate 10 Usilizarea vatiabilelor cookie TI Lucrul eu fisiere si catsloage 12 Expedierea si receptionarea mesajelor de pojti electronica. 13. Nogiuni fundamentale despre bazele de date si SQLCuprins PARTEA AIV-A Utilizarea functionalitatilor avansate ale limbajului PHP 14 Accesul la bazele de date relapionale unin 269 15 Uuilzarea claselor gia obiectelor 302 16 Utlizarea sabloanelor de aplicayie 318 17 Depanarea scripturilor PHP vm 327 PARTEAAV-A Anexe A. Raspunsuri la testele de verificare Alccasti carte este dedicatd lui Jobn C. Reynolds, B Instalazea PHP. Chief Information Officer la Azgisa Pacific University © Resurse PHP : . : 1362 Fie ca Dummezen si-i binecuwénteze eforturile de a conduce D Elemente fundamentale ale sistemului de operare UNIX. 364 APU la 0 noud percepie asupra lebnologiei si a beneficiitor E Carsctere escape 1 383 potentiale pe care aceasta le ofr. F ASCH 384 G Operstori PHP ne 387 HH Sceustare so 389 1. Funegi PHP 304 Index 423Despre autor Bill McCarty a scris peste 2ece els de programare a calculatoarelor, abordind subiecte precum Java, preluccarea distribuitt a daelor, C++ si Linus si este seduetor colaborator la revista Linx Magagine, pentru cate scrie un editorial lunax Este profesor asociat de Web si tehnologia informatie la Facultaten de afaceri si ‘management a Universiti Azusa Pacific, Azusa California, unde a predat vreme de sapte ani in cadeal programulsi de informatickaplicach al facultii respective. Bill a dobindt sul de doctor fa gestunea sistemelorinfotmafionae la Universitares Clcemont, California, sis hicrat vreme de 15 ani ca progtamator gi gestionar de programe. fn prezent, ocuiste in La Habra, California, alituri de familia sa, Din partea autorului ‘Muli oameni au colaborat la accasti carte. Margot Maley de Ia Waterside Productions, Inc. ha prezentat pe autor la editura Osborne/MeGeaw-Hil, Rebekah ‘Young a contribuit la conturarea structusii noii clef. Paulina Pobocha si Monica Falss.s-au ocupat atit de autos, cit i de cartea aflaa la inceput, cu incurajisi sau indemnuci, dup’ cum o cereau circumstantele. john Steele a descoperit multe etori de ordi tehnic sia furnizat numeroase sugesti de valoare. Cu pugin noroc, au Fimas erori foarte pune sau chiar deloc; ex toate acestea, toate erorile caze apat sunt numai din vina antorului, care ar fi ebuit si fuck mai pusine greseli la inceput decit si le lase pe toate, ca un lenes, in seama lui John. Mike MeGee a ycurijat* ceuvinte, fraze si propozittincorecte, neclare sau... mai su. Mike sia edstigar de mai ‘moite ofisalarul, Familia autorului~ Jennifer, Patick si Sara ~ au plstrat ospoditia pe linia de plutire pe dura Iungilor Inni necesare pentry serierea tere ci datcndse at foro je se ator fd, ‘ocrotitorul autorulu, Iisus Christos, a fost si timéne unicul reper autentie de adevir si valoace al autorului, constituind 0 sursé de inspieatie a muncit acestia Introducere PHP este una dintre cele mai interesante tehnologii existente in prezent. Deos- rece imbind caracteristci dintre cele mai complexe cu simplitatea in utilizace, PHP a devenit rapid un instrument de frunte pentru dezvolearea aplicasilor in Web. Totus spre deosebire de alte instrumente populare pentru dezvoltarea aplicagilor Web, [_SBBT ote Perl, PHD este un limbaj de progsamare comod pentru incepitosi, chiar si | BEER cei care nu au mai desCgurst acuity de programme tn wioone [25 Baek sunceti un cunoscitor al limbajulai HTML, dar au aveyi experieng’ ia tte de prograrare, vi pote pun inrebete: care suatFeneionaliie sup etdre pe cate le poate asigura cunoasterea limbsjului PHP Ca gi alte limbaje de sping pentru Web, PHP vi permite si furnizati un conpinut Web dinami, adicd wn, sib Web care se modiek setae delno techs ee clae e ~-alt"Conyinural Web este un clement important in sustinerea eraficulé unui st Web; de reguli, victatorii au vor mai reveni la 0 pagini Web care contine aceleasi informagi ca si cele prezentate la ultima vit. Pe de ata part, siturle Web feee- ‘vent actualizae pot atrage cancitifi enorme de trafic Mai mult, dpre deosebire de imbajele de scripting, pecum JavaScript, PHP rulesck pe serveral Web, nu in browserul Web, In consecingi, PHP poate obgine sccesul ln fisiere, baze de date si alte resurse inaccesbile progzemulu JavaScript) Acestea constitic bogate surse de confinut dinamic, care ateag viztatori Aceasti catte este menicl a prezentaciitorului clemente introductive de progea mate si dezvoltare in Web folosind PHP. Este important si tetinesi ci volumul de fai nu reprecintl decic un punct de plecace. Dezvoltarea Web este o activtate solicitanti, iar vitorul dezvoliator Web trebuie s& dispuni de multe abilitii, printre care spe aceca de programator, Sunt increzitor c& dezvoleatorii Web incepitori vor isi in aceasek carte un prim pas util i amical in acivtaten de programace in PHP Mai mult, eartea a fost atent conceputl eu scopul de a asigura un fandament penteu invigarea nogiunilor ulterioare pe care le implica o bun cunoastere a limbajului PHP. Dups studiul materialului prezentat aici, citicorul trebuie 8% fle pregitit a Jnviga mai multe despre caraceristici si fmeyionaliisi PHP mai complexe, precum, XML, LDAP si cele legate de comerpl electronic. ze og iB Modul de organizare a c&rtii Aceasti carte incepe cu.. inceputul, explicind modul de funcfionare a limbajului PHP, apoi tece la detalicrea moduli de create a programelor PHP, scotind in cvidengl decalile mici, dat importante, precum modul de incticare a scxipturilor PHP. Volumal confine o trecere in revisth a clemeiitelor fundamentale ae limbajula HITML $i o explicace « formularclor HTML. Cele saptesprezece module ale crit10 | Iatroducere abordeazi in mod controlat o prezentare gradati a conceptelot folosite in activita- tea de programare si a clementelor specifice limbajului PHP, fiecare modul conti- nnd clemente destinate a reimprospita memoria 5iingelegerea cititorului. De "ea, cartea confine un modul (Modulul 13) care explicd elementele funda- mentale ale bazelor de date relagionale, Scopuri Fiecare modal incepe cu un set de seopusi expicte atfl incit dumneavoastra si avefio dee privind integrareafiecirai modul in imagines de ansamblu Test de evaluare Un auro-es, care vi sj si vi evalua nivel de progres, apace de asemenca in cada leckrai modu, Raspunsuril I acete teste de evaluare se pot gisi in Anexa A. Teste ,,la minut” Fiecare sectune principal a cirgi conjine un test qa minut“, un auto-test care i sjutl si nu adornigi la volan, Rspunsurie Ia aceste teste se pot gisi la baza pagin unde se aft teste respective. Sfatul specialistului Cartea include multe casete de acest tip. Textele incluse in casete extind mate- tialul prezentat in capitolul asociat si sporese calitatea acestuia. Deseori, casetele .Sfatal specialisului* congin materiale mai avansate, care au sunt importante pentru programatorul PHP incepator, dar ajuté cititorul si examineze in perspectiva pro- blemele de la aivelnl intermediar al limbajului PHP. Casetele ,Sfatul specialisrali"™ folosesc un format de tip intrebare-rispuns. Proiecte Ficcare modul congine unul sau mai multe proiecte eare vi indic8 modul de aplicaze a conceptelor si tehnicilor explicate in modululrespecti. Apo, veti putea folosi aceste proiecte drept baz pentru studiu si experimenteulterioare, Deseor, projects! fumizeazi un bun punct de plecare penta propziul dumnneavoastri program practic. Inroducere | it Nu este necesar& experienta anterioara in domeniu! programarii upune ch sunteyiinte-o oareeare misuri familiacizat ou omeste de la premisa ci aveyi experienti in fa scent care, s pr HTML... 5 cam atit. Mat ales, nu se domeniul programa, De aceea, este explicat modull de creare a formularelor HTML, modul de programare si utilizare a limbajului PHP si sunt descrise toate clemencele necesare pentru a dezvoita situri Web simple, sustinute de baze de date, folosind PHP, Programe necesare Pentru a rula exemplele gi proiectele din aceasti carte, veti avea nevoie de acces Ja uur server PHP care suleazi PHP versiunea 4. Pucetiinstalalimbajul PHP pe propriul dumneavoastra calculator, folosind informagile furnizate in Anexa B, “Tomusi, ca incepitor, este mai convenabil si folosigi un server Web administrat de © alti persoani. Anexa C vi indici unele situri Web care identifica furnizorii de servicil Internet (ISP) care accept PHP. Molyi frnizoti de servicii Internet asigurt PHP la preturi de 20 USD lunar (in $.U.A.—N. T) sau chiar mai pusin, Nu uitafi de programele din Web Codul sursi aferent rtusor exemplelor si proietelor din accast carte este disponibil gratuit in Web, la adresa hutp://wwrw.osborne.com.Partea I: Scrierea programelor PHP elementare: Modulul 1 Crearea programelor PHP Scopuri structiuni PHP care trimit text la un browser Web « Invatati s8 documentati un script PHP + Invitati si incdrcati un script PHP intrun server prin intermediul protocolulul FTP «+ Invatati «4 executati un script PHP fn acest modul veg Daci PHP nu este ru programele PHP demon nai programele prezentat, trebuie si instalag si sh testay imbajul PHP respectind instructiunile date in Anexa B. fa modul de creare si de executare a programelor PHP. sistemul damn A Crearea unui script PHP Un script PHP poste § foarte simp sau foarte complex, Tomi exearea cia 5 2 unui seript PHP complex este extrem de simpli, necesitind numai un editor de texte obgnuit. fn aceastseegine, vei invita sd cea scepeusi PHP kimple, care| | Partea I trimit unui browser Web date de iesire sub forma de text. De asemenea, veri inviga ‘vii documentati scripmurile, astfel incit dumneavoastri si alte persoane sk pureti injclege sapid scopul si seructura acestora, Scrierea scripturilor PHP Peaeru a erea scripruci PHP, majoritatea programstorlor PHP folosese va editor de texte obignuit. Pateifolosi orice editor de texte dori. Sub Microsoft Windows, programatorii PHP folosesc freevent prograrmul Windows Notepad. Daci preferas, puted folosi WordPad sau chiar un procesor de texte precim Microsoft Word. Totus, dacifolositi un instrument difert de Notepad, trebuie si luayi misuri penta 2 salva sctiprul damneavoastl sub forma de document text; in eaz contas, iierul script contine informatii de formatase cate vor dezuta serverul PHP. Daci folosisi UNIX sau Linux, putey crea scriprari PHP folosind un program um vi, emacs sau pico. Programal in sine nu conteazi, atta vreme cit poate ves fisiere text ASCTE Scrierea scheletului programelor PHP Fiecare program PHP inchade dow’ lini speciale, care indicd serverului PHP textul cuprins incre cele dow! lini este alcituit din instructiuni PHP. Practic, aceste linit pot ft asimilate copertelor unei clrgi, care pAstrea24 unitatea programulul dumneavoaste’ PHP, Pentru a incepe si serieti an program PHP, lansati editorul dumneavoastei de texte preferat si introduceyi urmitoarele dou! lini in spayiul de Iucra al edivoruluis s- Sfatul specialistului E& inwebare: Cand scriu programe in C, folosesc un mediu integrat de dezvoltare (IDE’) precum Microsoft Visual C++, care reprezintd o gazda a unor caracteristici speciale, cate simplificd proiectarea, ccodificarea si testarea programelor. Existi medii de tip IDE pentru PHP? Raispuns: Uncle editoate de texte, precam vi, asigusi.un suport special pentru serierea programelor PHP. De exemple, carscterstca de colorare @ clementelor de sintaxi, prezenti in vi, determina serierca difertelor elemente ale programelor PHP in euloridiferite. Muli programatori PHP sune de pirere cl procedeul de colorare 2 elementelor de sintaxi fuciiteazi depistaea exotilor din programele propri, “Abreviere de la Integrated Development Environment. ~ N.T. Modulul 1: Crearea progeamelor PHP | 35 Unele editoare de texte, precum HomeSite al firmei Allaire, asiguri colorarea clementelor de sintaxa si ake racteristici care vin in sprijinal programatorilor PHP, precom manualele on-line si constructor de expres. Cu toate acestea, scrieyi programe PHP, probabil ce veu gisi uiizarea uni editor dc texte obignuit mai simpli decit folosirea unui editor echipat cu functionalitig PHP speciale. in caz contras, o bunt parte din timpul dumncavoastel va fl aloeatd inv 6 4 instrumental respectiy, a serienli progra- melor PHP in sine. Dupi ce vey cipita experiengl in serierea programelor PH, rebuie si examinayiinstrumente care vi pot ajuta in actvitatea dumneavosstr. fn acel moment, consultai lista editoaeelor PHP, disponibil in Web la adresa herp: /swww.ieworks.demon.co.uk/phpeditors hem, isi modului de wil Apoi, salvatiscriprul dumneavoastra elementar sub fornil de fsier text, cd un ‘ume cate respect urmitoarele regi © Numele fisierului crebuie si fie alcdtuit numai din caracrere minuscule, cfte si liniuye. Usilizarea spasilor sia altor caractere este interzisi ‘© Extensia numelui figierclos trebuie s& fie . ph. Asigurafi-vi cia ales un mume semnificatiy, care si descrie funcyiaseriprulia durmneavoastra, astfel incit si-1 pute identifica rapid dupa sipeimani saw chiar luni de la crearea acestuia. Vegi descoperic& liniujele sunt utile pentru separarca cuvin- telor care alcituiese numelefigierului, mind astfel liibilitatea acestuia. De exemn- plu, un fsier care confine wn script PHP ce vA permite si vizwalzat nivelurile stocurlor aflate pe inventar poate primi numele nivelurs-stee.pnp. Chiar si la mult timp dupa crearea fisierului sespectiv, nu vei avea probleme in a determina scopul acestuia. SD Sfatul specialistului — & _Intrebare: Aceste reguli de denumire a figierelor par a avea un. wracter deosebit de limitatis. Nu pot folosi gi alte caractere pentns denumirea figierelor care contin scripturi PHP? R&spuns: Ba da, putey. Dar utilizarea altor caractere vi poate provoca necazuti, De exemplu, numele de figiere din Microsoft Windows nu sunt sensi- bile la diferenta intre majuscule si minuscule, in timp ce numele de figcze din UNIX precints accastl sensibiltare. De asemenea, majoritatea sistemelor de operate prescriu reguli de denumire a fgieelor care deri de regulile pe care ‘rebuic si Je respecte adresele Web (URL). Puteyi evita problemele care apar dacoriti acestor diferenfe folosind numa litere minuscule, cifte si liniuge in rnumelefiserclor care congin scripturi PHP.Test .la minut" © Care dintre urmitoazele nume de figicre respect reyulile date penteu , folo site penta delisitar Jor HTML, respectiv cartcteru J, folosit pentra a indica membrul de inchidese al unei perechi de etichete HTML De exemply, iat o instructiune PHP care are drept date de iesire un fagment dinte-ua vers din Soivoarea a IIa de Eminescu” ‘echo(* © Un mareaj de comentariu (/ /) care lipseste sau care a fost introdus gresit De exemplu, iaté un script care confine un tip de eroare frecvent intalnit. Pusey identifica eroases? —Intrebare: Daca se doreste includerea unei ghilimele duble in ccadrul unui sis? Se poate proceda astfl firi a se folosi o secvengi escape? Raspuns: Simpla insemje a unei ghilimele duble in cadcul unui gir ar derata limbajal PHP, deoarece ghilimelele duble vor marea, in spatengi,sficital siul Pentru a include ghilimelele duble in cadrul unui gx include ral intre ghilimele simple, nu duble astfel: “El aise “sauut.*',Sirucile Incadrate inte ghiimele simple, respectiv duble, se comport oarecum difeit unee in eaport cu celelaltes ‘ef invita mai multe despre siruri in Modulul 9. Valori literale si variabile Categoile de valoci despre care ai invigar pind acum se numese rain loa. Deseos, este convenshil si arribui ur ume unei valor, similar procedeului comun folosi in algebra, O valoare cu nume se nuimeste sarah, deoarece este posibili ‘modificacesvalotitasociate mumeli. Prin contrast, o valoate literal este fix. Daci prefecai, o vasiabilt poate fi asimila® cu 0 cased cae poarth mumele variable. Valoarea unei varabile este dati de o valone itera, scish pe o bucati de hate plasati in intesioral casetei. fn orice moment, putes inlocui bucata de haste ov 0 alta, care coagine o nou valoare a variable ""Unitate de misurd pene distant folositi in giie de lim englea si egal cu apro- simadv 17 km, = NT. Unitare de misur8 pentru capacciifofosit in ple de limba englezd si egal cu apro- simativ 4 bis. ~ NT : Ragpunsuri la tes + Duda, deoarece valoarea include deseoti o part fracyionari + Inueg, deoarece valoarea este un ums fri parte Fractionart * Sis teoarece valoarea nu va fi calculata si poate congne lina, spi sau parantcze ‘Modulut 2: Elementele constructive ale limbajului PHP | 29 PHP impune citeva regull asupea numelor vasiabilelor,astfel inet si poacd face imediat diferenta dintre variable si numere, sirai si alte elemente de program, Tat ‘0 metodi de formare a unui nome corect de variabili PHP: 1. fncepesi cu simbola! dolaruhui (§) 2. Dupi simbolul dolaruui, scriei o liter sau o liniugi de subliniere (_). Litera poate fi scr cu majuscule sau minuscule. 3. Continuai prin a adiuga oricite ltere, cifte sau liniufe de subliniere dorigi. Nu vi lisagi dus de val sisi creagi un nume de variabilé atic de lung, astfel incit si fie Aifiil de tastat. Creag, totusi, un nume care si descrie cu clastate scopal varabil Tati céteva exemple de aume de vatiabile corecte si incorecte: Slungine Covet sx CCorect, dar nu foarte descriptiv y Incorect, nu incepe cu semmul dolarului Stside Incorect, semnul dolarului nu este urmat de o litera sau de un caracter de subliniere saeb Incorect, confine semrul plus acolo unde sunt permise numa tere, cite $i caractere de subliniere Desi putes folosi tere majuscule sav minuscule in sumele vatiabilelor, diferenga dincee literelescxise cu majuscule si ele scrise cu minuscule este important Vasiabila denumicé sa mu este una si acceasi cu varabila sa entra a asocia 0 valoare nei variabile, vet serie ceea ce se numeste 0 insiuc ome de anibuir. Jats wn exeenphn simp "Stobottra = 72.3: ‘Nusmele vacabile este urmat de un semn egal (=), care identifc’ instructianea ea fiind o instrucyiune de atribuire, Semnul egal este urmat de valoarea care uemea2’ a i atsibuitd varabilei In acest exempla, valoaséa este dati de valontea literals dubli 72.9, Caracteral punct si viegula (;) marchenza sista instrucfunil [Exempla anterior 4 atribuit unei vasabile o wiloase literal. De asemenca, puteyi susibui valoarea unel variable citze aleh vasabil, prin scxierea une! instruct de suwibuive ase: ‘Gastigatr ~ spurctajid-cei_aas Jn acest exz, valoarea variabilei spunetajut_cel_mai_nare inlocuieste valoaren vasiabilei seastigaton. Uherior pe parcursul acestai modtl, vei inva si series instructiuni de atribuire mai sofisticat. Ca. valoate literal, 0 variabili poate avea o valoare de tip intseg, dublu sau sit Forma valosii unei variabile se numeste pad variabile, Tipul unei vasiabile se poate modifica daca atcibuigi variabilei o valoare de un tip diferie fap de cel al valorii curente a variabilei, De exempla, instructiunea de stribuire SxPartea I: Seserea programelot PHP elem atsibuie vasiabilei sx tpal intreg, Dack instruegiunea de atsbuire we) vv fi executaté ulterior, variabila x devine de tip dublu. in multe limbaje de progra- mare, tipul unei variabile nu poate & modificat. Daci afi programat folosind un asemenea limbs), Ia inceput s-ae putea ca aceasth caraeterstick a limbajulai PHP sk vise park deconcestanta, dar probabil ci 0 vey gisi extrem de convenabilé dupa ce vi veti § acomodat cu ea Test la minut™ © Avib Soxe. © Scriegi o insteuctiune de atribuice care atsibuie valoasea 3.14159 unei ‘varisbile demamite $3. S> Sfatul specialistului ES intrebare: in ce mod difer instrctiunie de atsibuire PHP de ecuatiile matematice? R&spuns: Desi iasteuyiunile de atibuir dia libajal PHP si ecuafle mate- matic folosesc ambele sem egal, cele dou’ noun’ sunt foarte difedte, deoarece atribuirea nu este acelasi lucra cu egaliates, Atrbuites este 0 perf cate inlocu- | ieste © valoare cu o alta, Pe de alti parte, egalitatea este o relate intre dow’ valoti. | Cand dowt valor! sunt epale, acestea iin egale pent touleauna Tonal, pute atsibui o valoare unei variabile si wherior pute atribuiaceleiagivarabile o alti taloare. Cu alte cuvinte,epalitatea este permanent atcbuites nu este >, Proiectul 2-1: Vizualizarea valoriior 3) variabilelor PHP YEBy_ In cadrul acestiproict, vey rca sve exccuta un sript PHP simplu care demonstreaza modul de utiizare a vaioror Iterale, a vavableor 5 nstruc siunior de atribuie Scopurile proiectului © Crearea unui script PHP care confine mai multe instructiuni de atribuie s instructiuni incarcarea si exocutarea scriptulul Tispunsos la tose ‘ sdistanta_1a_soare sav ceva similar sph = 9.141895 Modulul 2: Elementele constructive ale limbajulsi PHD | 31 Pas cu pas 1. Folosind un editor de texte, creat un fiser care conjine urmatorul script PHP: =p 1) PAP: nsav incepatoruaui 1y Proiectul 2-1 svaloare_irteeaga = 1) ‘Svaloare=dubla = 12345670605 sir = "Acosta este un sir ‘scho("Proiectul 2-1 eeno(* _—intrebare: Mai incude PHP si algi operatori? Raspuns: Da, PHP include mulyi alti operator in afara celor specifica. in particular, include operator logici si operatori de compatate, despre care veti Inviga in Modalal 6,36 _ | Pamtea I: Scrievea programelor PHD clementare Unele fancy, precum min si max, preiau un numie nedefinit de argumente, Alte fancgt nu necesita nici un fel de argumente. Pentru a putea folosi o fanctie in mod corespunzitor, tebuie sii cunoastey © Numele funcrici * Acgiunea functii si valoarea returnati de aceasta, daci existi © Numiral argumentelor preluate de funcyie * Semnificaia leckrui argument Jt un exempla simplu care foloseste o foncyie pentru caleulul lungimi Iturilor ‘unui pitra, daci este cunoscuti asia pitratului: signe Gee(Sarue) Reyinesi modul in care asgumeneul Funcgii este inchos intre paranteze, ‘modal in care fanctia si argumentul siu sunt folosite intr-un mod asemanator cu 0 valoare literal sau 0 vasiabili, Jacl un exempla care prezinta modul de wtilizare a fncfiei nax, care preia mai multe argumente: spunctajieaatigator= Wax splnctay i “spunetaja, ‘spunctaya): ‘Observagi ck fiecare argument este separat de vecinul stu printr-o virgull. « Test «la minut™ © Scrieti o instruciune PHP care adangi valoarea variabilei spuete_normala Ja accea a variabilei spiata_ore_supLinentare si plaseazi rezultatul in variabila splate_totale © Scrieti o instructiune PHP ease stocheaz8 pitranul valoril variabilei sx in variabila sy. Proiectul 2-2: Un calcul in PHP In cadrul acest proiect, vati crea si excita un scrint PHP simp, care SE caleuleazé aria unui cere de raz data Scopurile proiectulul © Crearea unui script PHP care caleuleazs aria unui cere « incarcarea si executarea unui script PHP -pansad la tess © Splata_totela = splata_normels + Splate_ore_suplinentare; + Sy = SK $x; sau Sy = powlsx, 25 ‘Modulut 2: Elementele constructive ale limbajului PHP {37 Pas cu pas 1. Folosind un editor de texte, creat un figir care contine urmatorul script PHP: api //' Phe: Ghisul sneepatorulus 1 Protect 2-2 1} celeule ariei unus cere ve raza date weno(*Proiect 2-2"); Sraza = 2.05, Spi = 3.14159; Sarse = Spi. * Sraza * Seaza; echo(*raza fecho(sraza) foha(* INA Gontanstuh pagints sau 61 rormulervius este snserat act <1s00%> “IKI {n interior compului unei pagini HTML care conyine un formular putey folosi orice etichets HTML obignuiti. Pentru a descrie formularul in sine, folosiierichera font, care are urmitoasea form elementati eon ek ites ACTIONEUAL'S STATS Acribural wero al eticheti rom poste la una din valor oT sau rast. Pentre moment, specifica intotdesuina valoaea ros, Atibutal cTIon specifics adresa URL # senprului PHP care prehuereazédatele adunat prin intermedinl formula- nul, Adresa URL poste fo adresi complet, care include prococolul, namele sazdet si calea de acces, respectiv o adres paral, eae specfck 0 locafe ecatva la locatiapagini corene, Inreexcheea Fons eticheta sa /Fom corespunzitoare, plas’ conteoaele formar. Sfatul specialistului Intrebare: Cand creez.un formular HTML, cind trebuie si specific eet in loc de post ca valoare a atributulti meTHoD? R&spuns: Ca incepitor, este mai bine si folositiin mod consecvent metoda POST, deoarece alegerea intre metodele GET si POST este destul de complicati. Modulul 3: Cresres formularclor HTML {41 Ca regult empiric’, multi programatori folosesc GET penteu formulae care ‘execut o clurare sau o interogare, xespectiv POST penetra formulare care acrual- ‘ena o baz’ de date sau wn fsiet Dova dezavantaje ale metodei GET sant acelea ck impune o limied asupea canticiil de date care pot fi tsimise seriprului de prelucrare si ci transfect date prin atasacea sirurilor codificate la adresa URL a scriptului de preluerare. Astfel, dateletrimise prin metoda GET pot fi vizualizate de citee utlizator. Un avantaj al metodei GET este acela cX utlizatoii pot insera semne de carte in rezutatele uneiinterogiri sau ale unei ciutii care foloseste ‘metoda GET, dar nu pot executa aceeasi operatic in cazul unei interogici sau al tunel ciutiei care foloseste metoda POST. Desig, utilizatori por insera un semn de carte la pagina care congine un formulas ce foloseste metoda POST; rezuiaile sunt cele unde nu se poate insera semaul de care Incorporarea controalelor -Aceasti sub-secyiune descrie dou controale clementare pe care le vei folosi freevent:caseta cu text si butonul de expediere. in secyiunea urmitoare, vet afla msi multe despre contronlele pe care le putey folosi in constructia formulaselor HTML. O caseti cu text permite utlizatorului si tasteze informagi care por fi apoi trimise, unui scripe PHP. Casetele cu text sunt frecvent folosite penteu a obyine date precum numele utilizatorului, adresa sa postal sau adresa de e-mail. Pentru a crea 0 caseti cu text, scriefi o eticheti HTML care are urmitoarea formé elementard: ‘JetNpor rege Tear? a Atsibunal NAME atribuie casetei cu text un nume, astfel incat conginutal shu si fic accesibil unui seripe PHP. Numele pe care il atribuigi unui control trebuie si fie uunic in cadrul formularuli si wrebuie si respecte regulile pentru demumirea variabi- Ielor PHP, cu excepfia faprului ci numele nu trebuie si incespi cu simbolul dota- ralui, Cu alte cuvinte, numele rechnie <8 inceaps cu o liters si nu trebuie $8 contin alte caractere in afaralitereior a ciftelor si a caracterelor de sublinieze; in particulas, rnumele nu teebuie si congin’ sparil, HTML nu are 0 eticheti /3neur, deci nu inces~ cafi si combinayio evicheri meuT eu o asemenea eticheri ‘Un buton de expediere peemite udlzacorului si trimiti serveralai consinutul unui Formulas. Fecare formulas HTML. trebuie si aibfi un buton de expediere, Pentru crea un buton de expedicre, scriegi o eticher HTML care are urmatoatea forma clementark: Sieur THRESPSUaUIT VALUE cones Ateibusul vaiue specifics textal caze trebuie si apari pe suprafaya butonulal de expedierere 42 _| Partea :Serirea progtmelor PHP eementare Modulul 3 Creates fommulaclor HTML | _43 un formulae HTML comple, care incide casete cu text ee preian numele si sci #yhe=s Tet ie dead andar hae aaa “
“ora weriod=*Post= ACTION pinto phe Seen Stomunels £i s0reca Geo ott ale GeLLizatoruutyias SSecNPUT TeE=MTeXT* waeeax> So = Sictheur Tre-"Tex hake-royene_utszarorutl’> Betnevs TyeE=SuBMTT vaLueCTeanite caéne™> <6R>Acreda de e-mail: te “recip TPEO*TOC™ naueaesa_onaii"> Soo PRON he PM YE STORES Han Cod wilizatoral executl cle pe butonul de enpediete,datele incuse In cdm- “=)BoDY> purile formularului care confine butonul pe care s-2 executat clic sunt trimise In vi server. Astfel, serveral primeste fie un nume si o adces& de e-mail, fie numerele de Observayudizarea etchetelor pentru alinicrea etichetelor sia con- croalelos, precum si numele asibuive contsonlelor de ip casets eu text, Cind usilzatorul exeeuti clic pe butonul de expediere, date introduse de utilizator sunt trimise scxiprlui pypinto. pho. luscraga alanurata prezinté aspeccul forrvularuul telefon si de fax, nu conginutal ruturor celor patru cimpuri p Sfatul specialistulu), —————+———— & — Intrebare: Daca aptitudinile mele in materie de HTML sunt reduse sau ,ruginite"? Unde imi pot revizui cunostingele de HTML pentru a putea crea formulare? Rispun: Pentru a inviga sau pentru a recapitula elementele fundamentale ale limbajulsi HTML, v& propun cartea lui Wendy Willacd HTML: Goid incepate- ruta (Osborne, 2000)", Ca si alte volume din seria Cbidulinepdtoai,cartea si ‘Wendy contine teste ,Ja minut" si proiecte care conteibuie la consolidazea mate- aluli ctt. De asemenea, castea mai congine module refertoaze la JavaScript si foile de stil in cascada, tehnologii cate pot 6 utlizateeficientaliruci de PHP. || Lucrul cu formulare multiple ; In inerioral compului el pagiai HTML se pot include mai multe for anulare. Dack procedat ast, nu uta inser o etichee anterior wee etichetei a urmatorului formulae. Browserul wtlizatonalui va face indigestie Test .Ja minut™ © Care sunt atributele cate trebuie specificate in eticheta eon? © Care este controlul pe care trebuie si-l contin coate formularele HTML? © Care este eticheta HTML folositi pentru crearea unei casete cu text? : ane Sau oricare dintze exeslentele cil de HTML traduse st publicare de Edinura Teora. — FORM METHOU="POST™ ACTION="phpsnto.ohp"> ‘i : NI 7 [Raspunsuri late canon: : z Z | er ola ene + Buronul de expediere = anpur44 _ |. Partea I Sevierea progsamelor PHP elementare », Proiectul 3-1: Vizualizarea cémpurilor 5 unui formular CE in cadral acest proiect, vei invdta s8vizualizaidateletransmise de un formular HTML care script sau de prelucrare, Vel) descoperiutlitatea acestel caractersticiatunci cind trebuies8 depanati un formular HTML sau tun script de prlucrare. Scopurile proiectului ‘© Exersarea credri unui script PHP sia unui formular HTML © Capacitatea dea sesiza rezultatele expedierii unui formular HTML Pas cu pas 1. Plasafi urmatorul script HTML intr-unfiser denumit p-3-1.php $i IncBrcatj acest figier In serverul dumneavoastrs PHP: <1 1) Faster -3-1-php phpinto() 2. Plasati urmatoarea paging HTML int-un fisier denumit p-3-1 .htm gi IncSrcall acest fisier ‘in serverul dumneavoastrS PHP, plasSndu-l in acelasi catalog ca gi fsierul p-8-1 php rts “SHEA: . hunele i adresa de e-aaii ale stilizatorului Auibutele 1 si uate sunt obligato celelalte atibuse sunt opyionale. Atibutul 125, care este dat sub forms unui numar de caractere,stabilestedimensiunca ‘vinibill a caserei cu text; ateibutal WAXLENGTH specifics numvrul maxim de caractere pe cate utlizatoral ae permisinnes de ale tasta. Valoatea atsiburul MAHLENGTH 0 poate depisi pe aceea a atsibutului $226, in care exz conginutul controlului defileaz8 spre dreapta atunci cind wiilizatoral a introdus Ze caraerere. Atsibutal VALUE consttae o valoare care este afisthiniil in caseta cu tex. SUQOS te nee Este important si cunoasteti aspectul si modul de comportare a casetei cu texts a altor controale HTML de formula. Proiectul care apare la sfarsitul acestel sectiuni v8 va oferi posibiltatea de a acumula experienta in crearea controalelor gin lucrul cu acestea,PHP clementare Crearea de suprafefe cu text Ca o caseta cu text, o suprafags cu text permite unui utilizator si introduct text. Cu toate acestes, 0 suprafagi cu text poate permite utilizatorului si introduc mai ‘multe linii de text, in timp ce o caseti cu text permite utilizatorului si intsoducd © singurd line, Tats sintaxa pentru crearea unei suprafete cu text Acribural T9¢ este obligatory; tibutcle WA, GK gi VALUE sunt optionale Daca atibutul eveoxeD apare, case de validae va fi selectai in mod prestabil, in caz contrat, casa de validare na este select iil. Atributul vALUE specifica valoatea care este trimisi servers in cxzal in caze casera de validare este select; dact asibutal su este specifica, se va trmicevaloarea on (activa). Crearea butoanelor radio Ca si casctle de validare, butoanele radio pot avea numai una din dowt valosi. Co toate acestea, butoancle radio sunt organizate in grupury iar la un moment dat poate actvat un singur buton radio din cadrul unui grup; toate ceelltetrebuie si fie dezact- vate. Buroanele radio sunt utile pentau a permite uni utlzator 8 aleagi dinuro sexie de alternative mutual exchusive. De exempls, pute folosi un ser de tei butoane radio ‘entra a permite utlizaronuhsi sh specificesipul de ambalaj pentru cadou: firk ambalaj, cu ambalj simpla sau sofistcat. Numai una dinere cele eet buroane radio poate fi sctivat; lun loc, setal de butoane radio ofes ulizatorahi otripl opyiune. Penimu a crea un buton radio, folosigi urmatoarca sintaxt RHUL TYEE= ADO" finlé=* core CHEOKED VALUES Hoses Repinesi ck aceasta este acceasi sintaxa folosith pentru exearea unei casete de validare, eu deoscbirea €& atsibural Tv are valoasea RADTO in locul valorii cHecKs0x. Atributele unui buton radio au aceeasi semniticate ca si acelea ale unei casete de validate, Torus, atriburul nave este obligatoriu pentra buroanele radio, chiar dack este optional pentru casetele de validare. Tox! membsii unui set de casete de validare prezintl aceeasi valoare 2 atriburului nau Crearea de selectii © seb ete un meniu care defile, dé unde wiizatorl poate alge una stu mmai multe opjun: De exermplu, ino selege por fi enumerate gamit pena pizza ast! Inedt un ulate spout select oie combina de gariva pe eae 0 dorese. Pent crea slefe, flout unm48 _ | Pamtea I: Scricrea progzamelor PHP clementare Modulul 3: Crearea formulacclor HTML [49 EO AE ei MUTED lr Sa Eticheta s€tecr este folositi in combinajie cu eticheta /seLecr. Intre cele dow tichete este inelusi © sere de etichete orion fnu-o eticheti se.cct, numai arribural mae este obligatota, Atsibutal mATIPLE aati ci utiiztorul poate lege mai multe optiuni mentinind apisatitasta CTRL si executind clic pe acestea. fn absenga atbutulai wALTIPLE, ualizacorul poate selecta 0 singuri opsiune. Dack specifica ausbueal MLTIPLE, tbuie sl specifica si un stcbut wi, care atibuie un nume de tablou ca nume al contzoluli. De exemplu, un control de tip selectie care permite ulizatorului si aleagi mai mule gamnicari pentru desert trebuie denumit folosind sintaxa garnitural}, nu garniture, Comportarea unei selefi care permite o singurl opfiune este echivalenti ca aceea a unui set de buroane radio, dar aspect unei select este difert de acela al unui set de butoane radio, aga cum vetivedea in proiectal de la sarptulacesti sccfiun. Atribual size specifiek numiral opfunilor viebile, Pin utlizarea unui baton de derulare in jos sau 2 unei bare de defilae, uliztorul poate manipula selecyin pentru a obgine accesul la restul opfunilor sia alege diate acestea, ‘Apa cum sa aritat, 0 selecte este asociati cu una sau mai multe opsiuni, Pentru 2 crea o opfiune care urmenzi afi utlizaté in cadrul unei selec, folosigi urmieoarea sintaxt sl OPTRON SB Hasereers asose/séleoT> OPT SELEOTE vats oe Seon opetiniat aes. tnoeraties/OPTIONS Exicheta orrzou este combinati cu o eticheth /Oer20N. Textal dintre aceste eti- chete este cunoscut sub numeie de consinut al opyiuni. Conginusul opyiunii apace fn contcolul seL£eT, Mult programatosi HTML omit eticheta /0PT10¥, cuzin cate textul ‘optiuni se extnde pant la urmitoareaetichets oPTiON sau SELECT. Totus, sar putea ca acest mod de utlizare s8-nu fle compatibil cu versione ulterioaze ale standac- éuloi BTML. Ambele atibute ale etichetei oftrou sunt opyionale. Dack apare atriburul VALUE, valoarea 69 este timish serverulsi atunci cind este select opfiunee asocitl; in caz contrat, conkinutul optiuni este trimis a server. Atribucal SELECTED rath cd opgiunea corespunaitoare este selectati initial in caz contras,opfiunes respectivi au este selectath niga Crearea cdmpurilor ascunse Uneori este utili crearea asa-numitelor cémpuri ascunse. Valorile eémpurilor ascunse sunt trimise la server alituti de valorile altor controale; eu toate acestes, utilizatoral nu are posibilitatea de a vizualiza sau manipula valosile cdmpusilor Campurile ascunse se utilizeaz4 freevent in cadrul unei serii de formulare. De excmplu, datele introduse de utlizaror in primul formular din serie pot fi necesare in formularele ulterioate. in loc de a determina utilizatorul si introduci datcle in fiecare formulas, datele pot fi stocate intr-un cimp ascuns, creat si intializat de scripeal care prelucreaz4 primul formular. Astfel, wtilizatorul este scutt de o muni suplimentari si sunt preintimpinate eventualele eros care ar fi purue aplirea dack utlizatorul nu ar fi introdus accleasi date in formularele ulterioare Pentru a crea un cémp ascuns, folosig urmitoarea sintaxie “INPUT TWRESSEROOEN WME WaHE? VALUEEYZext?> ‘Numai atributele 1¥P€ si MAE sunt obligatorii; cu toate acestea, controlul este practic inutil in absenge atributului va.ue, a clrui valoare este rimisii in mod auto- mat la server in momentul expedierii formularuhui Fe Sfatul specialistului & intrebare: Am vazut formulare HTML care permit unui utili- zator si expedieze serverului conginutul unui figies. Cum se poate realiza acest lucru? Raspuns: Pureti permite utlizatoruli si aleagi un fiser gi apoi s& crimith serverului consinurul fsierului crednd un control de tip fsiet, prin intermediul urmicoarei sintaxe: -anput 1¥8% TLE NAVE**nune* ACCEPT="tip mine" VALUES“ text'> Ausibucul 1vPe este singurul obligatoriu; cu toate acestea, in general, apare gi atsibunal nau. Atsibutal vAcUe specificd un nume de Gsier prestabilt. Atribural ‘ACCEPT specifict formatul conyinutului fisicruli. Pot fi indicate mai multe for- mate, dar fiecare format teebuie separat de vecinii sit prin intermedial unei virgule. Formatul este specificat folosind un cod MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions). Tabelul vitor descrie formate folosite eel mai freevent: Tip MIME Tip de date Extensii de fier application/msexcel Microsoft Excel as application/mswors Microsoft Word oe, aot application/octet-strean Binaré ee spplication/pet Adobe Acrobat st spplication/postecrspt Postscript 34, ops, ps application/ppt Microsoft PowerPoint ot application/zip Date comprimate in format Z1P asp usso/aios Musica Instrument Digital nid, mia Interface (MD!) audio/x-wav Windows Audio Format (WAV) wav sage/git Compuserve Graphics ot Interchange Format (GIF) mage! spe0 Joint Photographics Expert pee, 19, ie Group UPES)50 _ | Parte I: Serierea programelor PHP clementare ‘Modulul 3: Ceearea formularelor BTML J 51 snage T0FF Tagged Image Format (I) tis, tare Scopurile proectulut ee pe Helge ‘+ Acumularea de experienti in crearea controalelor care alcatuiesc un formar HTML a pepe oe * rezentare aspectull gi comportarentlu controalior cae alcituise un formulae © Funizarea unui mod de a exersa urea atibutelorsvalosiorasociate eihetelor ieo/mpeg Secven video sa, mv, wpe, mpeg Faure eee aera video /quicktine Secventa video gt, pov 7 Reeeatee seed ideo /s-nsvieo Seevents video a icheta Fou de delmitare rebuie sf ib post ca valoae a asibutl stu we-wo, De asemenes, tebuie si inchudi un abut ecT¥Pe cu valoarea miitipact/ torm-dta, Ii sintana pe cae trebuie sho folosig | _ Bae posilea en damnesvo 8 cong fl in acceptefecare tip MIME. Consul-vi cu administatorul server dumnes- | voastes, pentzw a determina dack tipul de date pe care doriti st folositi este pat in mod corespuncltor. Test la minut* «© Scriey un program HTML care creeaza o caseti cu text cx ligimea egal cu 40 de caractere si care permite utlizatorului & introduc maximum 80 de caractere « Scrieyi un program HTML care erecazi o suprafayi cu text avind mea cgalé cu 80 de coloane, inilkimea de 10 rénduui si care accept fnfagurarea textului la siesta linet de text. «© Sctiei un program HTML care ereeazi o caseti de validare selectati inigial si care teimite serverului valoarea ya mods 4 Sctiei un program HTML care ereeazi o pereche de butoane radio care Vi permit si specificagi valoarca ,adevirat" sau valoatea , als Project 3-2 0 caseté HTML aglomerata& son) : Inacest proiect vei crea o caseté aglomerati, un formula HTML care conjineo varietate de controae. Veti putea manipula controalee si vizualiza datele pe care le trimit acestea unui script de prelucrare asociat formularul ‘Acest proiect este important pentru a dobindlo inelegere solid8 aflecarui con- ‘rol folosit in formularele HTML, inclusv aspectl i comportamentulacestuia Risponsuri la tess ‘ 1 1 <INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX” NAME="xx0H" CHECKED VALUE="Ia noda"> ‘<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NaWE="xxex" VALUE="adevaret"> $i <INPUT TYPE="RADIO NawE=* sxx * VALUE="Fals*> Pas cu pas 1. Plasati urmatorul script PHP intrunfigier denumit p-0-2.pho 5! Incarcati acest fisierin serverul dumneavoastra PHP: <2ohip 1) Fistaru p-S-2.pnp phpintor) > 2. PlasatiurmBtoarea pagina HTML intr-unfiser denumit p-s-2.ntel si tncarcati acest fisier In serveru! dumneavoastrs PHP, plasSndu-| in aceagi catalog ca gi fiserul p-2-2. php <TITLE>O casote:agloneratac/TITL> 0-05 SINEAD “<s00Y> L-s Fistervl pr8-2.nem« “SFOs METHDD="POSTACTION="p-2-2. php"> <xo>0 casera ocupatas/s> SGiecasste cu te oR INPUT TRE “she “ehrcaseta cu parota: Sehe<IMPUT TvPE="PASSIORD" Nau “ajesupratate eu tort: ah STEXTAREA NaUe="euprafata_oU wRap="paystcal "> ‘keh Sncroducets adreea dunnesvosstra. */TEXTARERS SBicasete de valivare “<BR><INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" EXT™ Mace" caseré NAME=“eun* 200) un <BR>cINPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX Nale="cina">cina : a : <ehsution® radté : <BW><INPUT. TYPE="RADIO" nAlE="butonradio® VALUES“Trancez™ CHECKED-France:.. <pme<TNPUT TYPE="RADIO" AAME="butonradio® a "VALUE=" Staldan" GHECKED=IeeLsan “<BR><INEUT THPEC"MADIO™ MAME-"DUtonrasio” VALUE"ruseso’ ChECKED>RUtese <a52__|Partea I: Scriesea progeamelor PHP elementare setectats: ‘OH><SELECT WWLTIPLE NAVE=" select )'> “OPTION SELECTED vaLUE="pranza’>oranza <OPTION VALUE="Extra’seranza Extra <OPTION SELECTED VALUE=" pepperoni" >Pepperont <OPTION VALUE="carnati“>Carnati jalan" >Salan uperes-esuperes </SELECT> <i a SINPUT_TYPE**HIODEN" NAlE=*conoara® VALUE="snectinabila'> oe <BRD<INPUT TYPE™*SUBIIT” VALUE**Trsnite satete”> ion <ieanye siti 3. Orientayi un browser Web spre adresa URL.afisierulul care confine forrmularul HTML. Imaginea afgata pe eeran de browserul dumneavoastra trebuie s8 fe asemanstoare celel prezentate in figura 3-1, Examinati controalele din formula, observind aspectul aces- ‘ora, Exersati utilizarea controalelor, pentru a vedea care sunt tipurile de comportament posible. in momentul in care sunteti mulgumit de valorile pe care le-ati spacficat. ‘executati dic pe butonul de expediere pentru a trimite serverului datele din formulae. 4. Cand scriptul de prelucrare p-3-2.pnp este executa, afiseazd un raport amanunfit cu pire lastarea serverului PHP in secfiunea inttulaté,Variabile PHP", putey gsi infor- ‘mafii cu privire la valorilevarabilelor folosite in formular, asa cum se poate vedea in figura 3-2 ‘Acum, cind puteti vedea care este modul de funcfionare a procramului HTML original, rmodificafit pentru a determina efectul diferiteloratribute si valor, De exemplu, elimina avributul MULTIPLE din selectie gi incercatis& alegeti mai multe garnituri pentru pizza, Pentru ca modificrile aduse programului HTML s8 fie vizibile in browserul dumnea- voastr, nu uitais8 actualizati pagina dupd ce ati modificat-o s ati incarcat-o in server, Alte notiuni referitoare la expedierea unui formular In sesiunile ancerioare ale acestoi model, ai fnvigat modal de create focmvla- relor HTML care pot trimite dave unwi server. in aceasl seeyune, ve inviga mai rmulte despre procesul de expediere a formularelor. fa particular, vei invija sh folosig o imagine in local uni buton de expediere, sf reat un buton de reinita- lizae, si creaio pagina cate congine mai multe formulare gi sh transfers infosmagi cana Seripe prin intermedial adresei URL a scriprali. Utilizarea unei imagini pentru expedierea datelor Aspectul unui butoa de expediere este monoton si obigauit. Dack aspectel pagini dumneavoastei este important, pputei folosi o imagine in locul unui buron de expediere, © ssemenea imagine se numesté, uancori, buon imagine. Cand un utlzator executi clic pe un butén imagine, datele din formular sunt tsimise serverulu, ca si cum utilizatorul ar fi executat clic pe sun buton de expediere. Petro a crea un buton imi gine, folositi urmitoarea sint ‘tir bee “nie sh=*dra* aie=" text" ALIGN*asniere"> Atriburele sc 5i Tyee sunt obligatorii;celelate atsibure sunt ‘opsionale, Atiburul sae determina adresa URL a figierului care contine imagines ce va ft afi Atriburul nue atribuie un nume controfului de tip buton imagine. ‘Atsibutul ALIO poate his oricare din valorile top (sus), aicate (la ijloc) sau bottom (j03) si specifici modul de aliniere a Dutonului imagine relat la cextul inconjusitor. RBA O cased aglomerntl cre es contine un formular HTML ce include conteale Sugestie eS Proiectul dat la sfacsitulacestel sectiuni include un buton imagine. Efectuati acest project, pentr a v8 familiarize cu aspect! si modul de comportare a butoanelor imagine,‘ice aybpioaed oe TTP POST VaRSPieorT Imre SO TTP _POST VAIS pss} —_|my sani [TE POST WaRsrwstaes Inaba | Tae POST VAST eaKuer] [on i | {ire PoST VaRSPediowetor reek { |r: posr vangyeiect heer {| | TTS papsteat TTP POST Vanishes lat Figura 3-2 Valorle cimpurilor wimise serverulul de cltre casera aglomerati care confine un formular HTML ce include controale Crearea unui buton de reinifializare Uneori, este folositor ca utilizatorul si poatiexecura clic pe un buton care si steargi toate informatile incluse fatr-un formulae. Un asemenea buton se numeste buon de reniiasizare, Pentru a crea unl buton de reinigializare, folosiyi urmdtoarea apr ‘RESET? VALUES" text" cul atsibut obligatoriu este TvPe. Atsibutal optional value specific textal care ‘va aparea pe suprafnga butonulii de reinitializare; daci atsibural este omis, pe buton va serie Reset" Crearea unei pagini care confine mai multe formulare Aga cum aritat, pote include mai multe formulae int-o singueh paging HTML. Fiecare formulae trebuie sisi sib propsil shu buton sau propria sa ima- entra expedierea datelor. Un buton de renifalizare din cadral uni formulae se aplick numai forrmularului care il congine. lati un exemplu de pagini care conyine mai multe formalate: <TITLE>O paging cu nai multe formulares/TrTLe> </eaa> ser Modulul 3: Crearea formulacclor HTML} 58 ele -Pesqut formuaar > Fon uETHon=" POST ACTION“ procesarg-formilar-eldent.php"> <eionunele clientului <BH>CINPUT TYPES" TEXT NAUE=“nune_edient'> <he<INPYT TYPES" SUBLIT VALUE"Trinite foraularul elientuaul"> </Fom <l--Al dotles tormular => Fon METHOD="POST ACTION" procesare-formilar-furniz6r-php"> <aoNunele furnizorulus <BR><INPUT TYPE“ TEXT” NAME <BRD<INPUF TYRES SUBMIT" VALUE*"Tounite formularul furnszorului‘> </FORM> =/000%> <n une_furnszor“> Pagion coagne dous formulate: unul pentru expediereainformatiloraferente clestlu i alvl pens expedizea informagior efertoare la furizor Fiecae formulae ace propril sit buton de expedite, fn funy de butonal de expedire pe caré s-a-exccutat clic, la server va fi trimis, in vederea prelucrisii, numele unui client sau al unui furnizoz, in acest exemplu, fiecare formular dispune de propriul si script de preluctate Cu toate acestea, se poate folosi un singur script pentru prelucearea date nite de la fiecare formulae. Un asemenea script poate determina daci lucreaz’ cu un formular de client sau cu unul de furnizor, in functie de cimpurile si valorile pe care le primes. Utilizarea unei legaturi pentru a furniza date unui script fn afd de a expecin unui sip atele dinte-un formulas prin intermedia ccimpusilor din formulss, puteyi expedia date cu ajutorul adresei URL seriptului, ‘aya cum se specifica In ateibutul Acrz0W al etichetel FoRu, Pentre aceasta, atasat la sfarsival adresei URL ua sema al intrebitii @) si apoi includeti o serie de perechi loare cu urmatoarea form lear dnanezeVaisarwzenuned-valeeres Exemplul include numai tei perechi nume-valoare; cu toate acestea, puteti include oricite asemenea perechi dorig in functie de limita impusi de browserul uslizacorul56 _| Pasta I: Seriern programelor PHP slementare Modula 3: Cesteaformularelor HTML} _ 57 SD Sfatul specialistului Corer specel_—_Eehiolent oft Unk <> — Intrebare: Daci dorese si trimit unui script, prin intermediul 2 9623 adresci sale URL, caractere speciale preci vn semn al intrebirii 5 wae un sem egal sa un ampertand? Nu e exeea conus tn aces mod? . = Raspuns: Da. Pentru a functiona corect, un sit trebuie si fie cadificat URL. f 3627 ee ( as Inlocuiese eu echivaleatele lor hesszecimale, precedate de un simbol pracent (%) ie aug entra detalii, consultati documentul Request for Comments (RFC) 1738, dispo- 660 nib la adtesa’wm.rfe.net. Unele dintre cele comune caractete speciale gi echiva~ lentele lor codificate URE. sant prezentate fn tabelul 3-4 De éxempla, forma codifieati URL a sirului “te multi andt* este szzla muits aninersza ‘Adresa URL rezultanti ge numeste pide ifimgar si mw poate confine spagi ‘Daci dong si trimitegi un spay ea parte a unui si de interogare, eimitey fa locul spayilui un semn plus (+). Tati un exemplu de sir de interogare care codifich rnumele autoralui acest cgi hep ib adacch cavzauthomesntuerarey! Dy elul $a” Codifcirile URL ale cazactereloe speciale recvent wilizate Echivalent codificat URL see 2 one se ~ care 2b ti2e vat 2435 nab < side = ead > one [ 65> \ 8c 1 ese - 65 ‘ wb - i + he Caracter special 1 ere ee #09 Spagiy 420 t 21 Test .la minut” «© Scricg un progniim HTML care ceceazi un buton imagine cu numele ,Star! ‘© Scriegi un progeam HTML care creeazi un buton de iniializare cu numele ,Reluare de la incepur’. ‘© Scrieti un sir de interogare care teimite variabila culoare si valoarea rosu serverului de la adresa wav.osborne.con/test. Project 3-3: 0 pagina HTML care contine mai multe formulare se in cadrul acestui proiect,veti crea o paging HTML care confine doug EE redecorate peed Mer imagine. Ambele formulare dspun de butoane de renijalizare. Valorie atrutelor aerion ale calor dous formolare includ sirur de interogare Coxlficate URL Wimise serverull in momentul expedier formularuli. Scopurile proiectului © Dobindirea de experiants in crearea s utilizarea paginilor care contin mat multe formulare ® Prezentarea axpectuli sia comportamentului butoanelor imagine sa butoanelor de: reinijializare © Prazentarea sirurllor de interogare Pas cu pas 1. Plasaji urmtorul scrint PHP inte-unfiser clenumit p-8~ serverul dumneavoasted PHP: hp siincdrcati acest figier pe piipanto() > Rispunsud ba ese <INPUT TYPE*"IAGE* sRO="ox" NAMES"Start "> <INPUT TvPE="RESET* VALUES"Reluare de 18 inceput"> ‘netp:/ /www.osborne.con/zest/2culeare=rosu58__ | Partea I: Sevievea progsamelor PHD ¢ 2. Plasati urmatoarea pagina HTML intr-un figier denumit p-9-2.nen $i Incdtcali acest ffir In serverul éumneavoastra PHP plasindu-lin acelasi catalog ca $i figierul p-3-2- ot: eH STUTLE>atte oetalii despre Shean peoieres tormularelor</TITLE> <i. Fisierul p-3-3.ntml —-> syealte deta pre expedierea formularelor</Ms> 2-9. phpmodule-s8project capo wonele eLientulus SOpSCINPUT TYPES" TEXT NAWE=* sume! “see cineuT TYPES" </rome FOR NETHOD="POST* ACTION="p-3-3.php"> <aRoNosele furnizorulus <ORo<INPUT TYPES"TEXT* AANES*nunele_furnszorulus"> Sero<NPUT TYEE “<> INPUT TPE <iBooy> sink ‘Apci, descércatifigierul button gif din sil Web aferent acestel citi si incdtcaf- in serverul dumneavoastrs PHP, plasSndul in acelagi catalog ca gi scriptul PHP s figieral HTML 3. Orientafi un browser Web spre adresa URL a fsierlui care confine formularul HTML, Brovaserul curmneavoastrS va afiga date asemSndtoare celor prezentate in figura 3-3, Corpletati ambele cimpuri text si executati cic pe unul din butoanele de reniiaiaare (Clear the Form). Remarcayic& butonul de reiniaizare serge numai cémpurile din forrmularul care confine butonul respectv, 4. Bxesutai cle pe butonul de expediere, Browserul dumneavonsted trebuie a8 efgeze ceva similar cu ilustrafia prezentat in figura 3-4 5. Observati modu! in care perechile nume-valoare din situl de interogare apar in ita variableior PHP, alatur de valoarea cuprinss in caseta cu text 6. Folosii butonul Back al browserului pentru a reveni le pagina cu mai multe formulare Executati clic pe butonul imagine. Retineti diferente dintreilustratia afisata de browser cea prezentata In figura 3-8, Remarcayi madul in care un script PHP poate executa ucrarea mai multor formulae, prin exarinarea variabilelor sa valorilor acestora? _elientulus'> ‘Sterge oatele din fornular’> SUBMIT". VALUE=" Tramite Formuléru2"> RESET" VALUE="Sterge foraularyl'> IMAGE? Sn tton.git*> ‘Modulul 3: Creates f Deft Yow foetn Je Hee ‘More on Subnalting Forms Cusaner Nae Sopot ane Fran Spier erin Fe ‘Honsrnt nee Soe 350h9 |NtTP cer as fmoaaie] [ire Getvanstwejeet) | [NTIP_ POST VARSTeusome name] sesso ‘Stee a aaa “Figura 3.4" Valorile cimpurlioe eeimise serverull de & mai multe formulareTest de evaluare 1. Scrieg o etichets H1 ML FORM care isi tsimite davele unui seripe situat la adresa http://w osborne.coa/egs-bin/test ii un program HTML care cxeeazi un control eu mai motte lini, denunit saresa, pentru introducere de text. Controlul tebuie si poatk congine 5 induri 2 80 de caractere fiecare. 3. Screg’ un progsam HTML. care ereeari un meniu deralant denumit euleare, ‘are confine principale culos substzactive in spefi rosu,galben si albast Facegi de aga manierl incit meniul i accepte o singurk selec. Specitica culoatea rosie ca optiune prestabil 4. Scrieg un program FITML pentru crearea unvi set de butoane radio denumite cinenssune, care perme uiizatorului si aleagé din urmitoarcle valoc: micy smedin i mate. 5. Scrieti un program HTML pentre crearea unui formulas cate isi trimite datele Ia adresa wav.cev.nuil. Formularul trebuie si contin ua cmp ascuns deaumit script, care congine meniul cu valor Modulul 4: Accesul la date Scopuri + Invatati s8 obtineti accesul la datele scalare transmise unui program PHP de c&tre un formular HTML «+ Invatati si folositi constructia PHP echo pentru a trimite date de iesire la browser « Invatati si construiti sirurl care includ valorile variabilelor PHP «+ Invatati s& obtineti accesul Ia valorile variabilelor de mediu Majositatea programelor PHP folosese formularele HTML pentru a obyine dare de inteare, in cadrul acestai modul, vey invika si obgineyi accesul la datele timise ‘unui program PHP prin intermediul unui formular HTML. De asemenea, veti fnviga si obgineyi accesul a datele stocate in varisbilele de mediu pe parte de client, respectiv pe parte de server. Variablele de mediu stocheaza informagi utile despre browsere, servere Web si PHP. Obtinerea gi utilizarea datelor de la un formular Deoarece PHP a fost conceput ea limbaj de scripting pentru Web, facilites accesu! la vasiabilele transmise de c&tre formularcle HTML. in modulul precedent, agi inviac si creai formulare HTML. Jatd un formular HTML simpla, care include o caseti cu text: a> SHADSCTETLESUn formar HTML aimpluc/TETLE> <[HeA0> “FOF METHOD="POST* ACTION="phpinto,pho"> <BioTartats niste ate: ‘eGhecINPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME**aate"> “Speco <INPUT TYPEW!SUBUIT"> </Foal <(B00y> </UL> Observay ed stibural weal etichetei swPuratibuie casete ca text mumele eave fn eaal in care creat un script denumi ppinte.pp, care executhfuncfa srpinfo si stocheazt in acelasi dosar casi formularal, prin expedicres formularaai se cere Sesptuli eh afigeze un taport cae indik sara serveului de apliaye PAP. InScrierea programelos PHP elementaze sectiunea intitulatd ,Variabile PHP", rapornal de stare prezintd valorile vatiabilelo din formular. Figura 4-1 prezinti raportul de stare asociat formularului HTML simplu. Retines! ci caportul de stare are dou coloan Numele variabilei asociate con ate, apate in coloana din stinga, inglobat in texcul ‘Valoarea variabilei, care reprezinti texeul introdus de utiliza. tos, este prezentati in coloana din dreapta. fn fguri, valoazea variabilei o constituic textul ‘acostea sunt datele’. PHP Variables 2 vari ee ae ae ine. sar | Frespieeietipectins i. ost VASP ii : Un raport de stare PHP, care indica valoarea variabilei din formulae denumith date gura D> Sfatul specialistulu EG —Intrebare: Construcyia wrrv_rost_vans{"dnte-) este suspect de aseminatoare cu o refering la un tablou, Despre ce este vorba? | RAspuns: Dact agi observar parantezele drepte si v-afi teaminit ch ele sunt | ssociate cu tablourile PHP, atunci suntei o persoand extrem de atenci, Dack au, get rapid sects instuael,Valori scalare pi ablouri* din Modul 2 tc momental expediesi unui formulas, umcle si valotle variabilelor inchuse tabloul rp_post_vaas. Ciia fecirai elemental tablow- ‘oumele unel varabile din formula; valoazea elementalui din tablon mini valoarea variable. Dack dati, putes obyine accesul a varabil Trimiterea datelor de iesire c&tre browser Desig prem pregde cuanto st dese un port de ie PHP penow sala valle vatabielor Mai mul, eenga peograns dea manipula valor, de a le vizualiza pur si simpla, in aceasté sub-seefiune vey, Invaga si folosifi constructia echo pentru a trimite date de iesire la un browser, iat in sectiunes urmatoare vet iaviga si construigi siruri care inglobeazt valorle varibilelon Modulul 4: Accesul la date [| 63 Prin combinarea acestor tehnici, puteyiafiga valorile vatiabilelor PHP inte-o forma pe care utilizatorit 0 pot ingelege cu usuringa. In modulele ulterioase, ves inva si ‘manipula valosile variabilelor astfel incit si puteti construi programe PHP util. Construcgia echo vi permite si crimitesi date de iesire citre un browser. Con- structia are o diversitate de forme, Tato, poate, pe cea mai utili dintre ele: eee eaiLempresie: Aceasti form const numai din cuvintal echo, urmat de o expresie sir si de un caracter punet si virguli care determin’ incheiesea instevetiuni, Efectal unei aseme- * ned inserucyiuni consti in a trimite browserului valoarea expres! siz, De exempla, ‘lio <OHSBStede aunt elebantet-</o"s tcimite browseruluicextl ,.Datele sunt clegante!", Refine ci textl inchde evchere HTML, care infhuengen2i modul de formatace a vextelo, determiniadsle sk apack peo line nowt, srise ew ajtorel caracterelor ald. Uslitatea acesei forme & construciei sone se bazeast pe nameroasele mod in cate pute scrie o exprese si Una dintre cele mai utile moduli foloseste opera- roral de concatenare pentni unirea a dou expres si. De exempt, si lui contiderare urmatoareainstrfiune ee: ‘ee Datede sunt * - “elegantei"} Operatorul de concatenate, reprezentat prints-un punct, ataseazé a doua expresic sila prima. Reaultatul este acelasi ca si cel generat de urmitoaree instructinne: GoHTDatele sunt ereganter; Constructia echo este oarecum ciudati, in sensul ci este aseminitoare cao fancy, dar nu este funcfie. De exemple, puteyfolosi paranteze pentru a delimite expresia sir cerutd de constructia ech: enpteDatere suit enecantes); Dack preferafi, putes forniza mai multe expresi gi, flecare din ac find’ separati de vecini shi prin intermediul unei viggule: Gofgtbavele aut", “elegantel*; Cu toate acestea, nu puteti folosi simultan paranteze si vingule, asa cum se procedeaz’ in cazul funcyillor autentice: Sohig|*DaReIS Sut", elegantal 10) eroare de sintaxa Mai mult, o expresie furnizaci constructiei ecno au tebuie sl fe 0 expresie siz, ack PHP stie s% converteasc’ expresia inte-un sit. De exempls, urmatoarea sintaxi este corectl Bef! ple Und! obs =; esto 2: iPartea I: Scvierea programelot PHD element sp Sfatul specialistului | & _ intrebare: a presupunem ca programul meu PHP are ca date de iesire etichete HTML, ceea ce determin’ intercalatea unor ciemente HTML in componentele programului meu. Exist& vreo modali- tate mai convenabili de a scrie constructii de tip echo in aceastd situagic? Raspuns: 2 ‘echo “datele mole 6e seesre'; Da, existé. In loc de a serie |p sre psig = “dtele mele de seeire 7 PHP percepe semnul egal ca 0 abreviere pentru echo, atita vreme eft semnul egal urmeazA imediat dup& simbohul <2. Regineti torus, eX aceast caracteristic este slisponibili numai dacki PHP a fost compilat sau configurat cu opfiunea de confi- gurate short_tags. Daci descopery’ ci nu puted folosi cu succes constructia <7, solic! administrarorafai dumneavoaste de sistem si activeze aceast opytune, Construirea sirurilor care inglobeaza valori ale variabilelor Pentru a putea trimite browserului valosile varabilelor, tot ce mai aveyi de invigae este Consteuigi expresi sir care inclad valorile variabileloe lati wa seript simpla care inclade 0 asemenea expresic: <r ‘sas ‘3.141805, Spl + sraza* $raza; eho “Aria cereulus este arse," e (Cand inglobag inten sir numele unei variabile, precum Serie, PHP inlocuieste nnumele variabilei cu valoarea acesteia, Dac8 executasi seriprul dat ca exemple, veri vvedea datele de ieste Arta’ BeCUN este 18:50608, Uneori, dorig si obgines Ia iesire numele unei variable, mu valoarea acesteia. in ssemenea cazut, inserasi un caracter backslash (\) in faa numelui vasiabile. Si Modulul 4: Accesul lnduce | 65 Serie = Spi * raza * Graze} echo "Valoarea variabilei \Sarie este Sarie.”; Rezultarul acestai script este: Veloatea Vartapsles sari este 12.58636 Test la minut* * Sceicg o instructiune echo care scrie textul ,PHP este pentru programa: tos de calibra.” « Seriey!o instrucriune echo care sexie valoarea variable seireum © Scrieti o instructiune echo cate scrie numele variabilel sragseina, wsmati de un semn egal side valoarea variabile Proiectul 4-1: Agenda cu adrese de e-mail fn cadrul acestui proiect, vet série instrutiuni PHP prin care se obtine accesul la datele obtinute de la un formular HTML. De asemenea, vet scrie instructiuni PHP care trimit date HTML la browserulutilzatorulu Acest proiect este primul dinti-o serie de proiecte, care va culmina cu 0 aplicafe PHP care furnizeaz3 0 agenda de adrese accesibils prin Web. Veqi Invata mai multe despre agenda de adrese si despre functionalitatile acesteia pe masurd ce vet continua sé lucrafila dezvoltarea aplicatici ‘Scopurile proiectul «© Prezentarea moduli de screre a srurlor PHP care incorporeazé datele obfinute de la un formular HTML «© Prezentarea moduli de utiizare a instructunil PHP eche pentru a trimite date catre bbrowserul ublizatorului Pas cu pas 1. Plasafi urmatorul script PHP Intr-un fsier denumit p-4-1.nemt sl nebrcati acest fiser 1m serverul dumneavoastra PHP: STITLEProiectul 4.1</TITLE> (He Seony> sle> Fister p-a-t,ttm FOF METHOD= POST" ACTEON=* p-4-1.ehp"> <torLista cu persoane ce contact<|2> ciioPorecta: Rispunsari la test ‘+ eono "PHP este pentru progranatorsi de calibru." ‘+ eono “Valoares este Seireun. 1 echo "\Sradacina-Sradacina’ sou ceva ainiler56 _{Partea I: Setieren progeamelor PHP clemencare “eohsctibut TYPE="TEET Ailie-tporecia'> ar <SioMune comple: <BR>cINPUT TYPE"TEXT* NAME>" mumeconplet"> ae “shoe: <BRO<TEXTAREA, NA <ITEXTARER> <INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT"> IFO» ‘/a00%> =A 2, Plasafi urmatorul script PHP intr-un fisier denumit p-4-1-pup si Incarcafi acest fgier i serverul dumnesvoastrs PHP, plaséndi tn acelag catalog ca gi fiserul p-4-1.ntal: * COLE “a0* WRAPH=PHYSICAL"> Neng” AO <tohip Veisierah peée4 nth eno *<bR>PoreeiansPorecie foho *<BR>Mune_ conplee=SNo feono *<Bfowlane- Sen" > 23. Orientafi un browser Web spre adeesa URL a ‘isierulu care confine formularul HTML Ecranul browserulu trebuie s8 fie asems- n&tor celui prezentat in ilustatia urm: toare. Introducetio porecls, un nume complet so nots scurta (memo). Executayi clie pe butonul de expediere, 4 In. momentul executdri scriptului de prelucrare, acesta objine accesu la cele tei variabile ale formutarulul si timite browserului utlizatorului numele gi valorile variabilelor, aga cum se poate vedea in itustragia urmatoare comple Fulnane=BU MeCarty Mene=Eaus bnccary@orbome co Moduiut 4: Accesul ladate {67 pele si utilizarea datelor de la o variabila de mediu {in cazul in care sunteti familirizat cu sistemele de operare UNIX sau MS-DOS, probabil ci suntei ua cunoscitor al vasiabilelor de mediu, Vasiabilele de media sunt folosice pentru stocares optiunilor si a parametilor cate personalizessi medial de aplicagie. Aplicagile pot obtine accesul la valosile vesibilelor de medi si isi pot ajasta comportameatul in consecings. De exemplu, ealea de ciutate a progeamelos MS-DOS este stocati intr-o variabild de medin denumita pars. in general, comen- zile sistemelor de operate sunt folosite pentru 4 configura vatiabilele de medix si pentru 2 stabili valorile acestora. Cu toate acestes, uncle aplicati manipulea2a valorilevariabilelor de media. “Att seeveral Web Apache, cit si serverul de aplicayie PHP foloses¢ vaiabile de edit pentru a peezenta informati de stare. Unele diatre cele mai importante variabile de medi folosive de Apache si PHP suac rezumate ia tabelul 4-1. Nume- oase servere Web, altele decit Apache, furnizes2i o parte din aceste watabile de mediu sau chiar pe toate Malte dintze aceste vasibile reflect caracteristicile ceresii HTTP care a solicit execusia PHP, Pte vizualiza toate varabilele de mediu disponibile pentns progea mele PHP prin invocarea fanctiei phpinto() si vizualizarea datelor de iesire generate de aceasta. Figura 4-2 prezinté o porfiune a raportului de stare prezentat de fancy phpinfo) care identifick aumeroase variabile de mediu. ‘Tabelal 41 Importance variabile de mediu PHP ‘Variabild de mediu CCONTENT_LENGTH CONTENT-TYPE DOCUMENT_ROOT Descriere Lungimes, in octet, a corpulu cere Tipul MIME al datelor din corpulcereri. Cales care consttuie edicina arboreluicatalogului eu docu: mente al orverului Web. Versiune a protocolului CGl (Common Gateway Interface) folosit, de serverul Web. . HTTP_ACCEPT Continutul antetului wTTP Accept: HITPLACCEPT_CHARSET Confinutul antetului TTP Accept-Charset:, care specifica seturle de caractereinfelese de client. HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING Confinutul antetulul 7? Accept-Encoding, care specifics tipurile de continutur intelese de client. HTTP_ACCEPT LANGUAGE Continutul antetului HTTP Accept-Language:, cate specifica limbejele preferate de: Continutul antetului TTP Comection:, care indie’ opfunile solicitate de client, Continutul antetului wT nost:, care indicd numele de gard, folost de client la prezentarea cere ‘Adresa URL a paginii Web care a trimis browserul clientului la pagina curenta GATEWAY_INTERFACE HTTP_CONNECTION HTTP Host HITP_REFERER ‘rea programelor PHP elementare Tabelul 41 Coniauare Variabila de media HTTP_USER_AGENT Descriere Conjinutul antetului rTP User-Agent, care indica browserv} lientulu si versiunea acestuia, PATH Calea de execute asociaté cu mediul serverul (QUERY_STRING Sir de interogare, dacé exist, care a insositcererea, REMOTE_ADDR Adresa IP a clientuli REMOTE HOST Numele de gazda al clientuiu ‘Adresa portuluicientului de unde @ pornit cererea Metoda de cerere HTTP folosta; de exemalu, GET, POST, PUT sau HEAD. URI folosit pentru accesul la pagina curenta. URI este alestuit dlint-un URL si un sr optional de interogare Numele de cale absolut al scriptuluicurent ‘Adresa URL a scriptulul curent ‘Adresa de e-mail a administratorului serverului Web, Numele de gazdé asociat serverului Web care prelucreaza Port folosit de sorverul Web pentru comunicati Numele si versiunea protocolului prin intermediul chrula -2 cexecutat cererea Sil care identifica versiunes serverului Web §i numele de gazdi folosit pentru prelucrarea cereri Sirl care identified prograrmul server Web si versiunea acestuia REQUEST_METHOD REQUEST_URI* ‘SCRIPT_FILENAME SCRIPT_NAME SERVER_ADMIN SERVERHOST SERVER_PORT SERVER_PROTOCOL SERVER_SIGNATURE SERVER_SOFTWARE Puteti obtine accesul a variabila de mediu exact asa cum procedagi pentru orice alti vatiabilt PHP. Pur si simplu inseragiinaintea numelui variabilei de mediu ua mbot sl dolarului (§), astfel inci numele s& se conformeze sintaxei PHP. De cexemplu, urmicoarea inserucyiune echo trimite browserului adgesa IP a clientuluis vehi "Adress 1P @ ciientuius ete SHEWUTE ADU. [oocumenr- Root hones 3 INTTP_ACCEPT_ LANGUAGE UTP. CoMNECTiON” aan mene eee ee vaable de med, Modulul 4: Accesul la date | 69 SD Sfatul specialistului EF Antrebare: 0 bund parte din informayile prezentate in tabe- Jul 4-1 par neclare, Cate este utiltateaacestorvariabile de mediu? Raspuns: Daci nu cunoasteyi protocolal HTTP in aminuagime, s-ae putea tne descoperii prea multe utili pentru aceste variable de mediv. Cu roate acestea, © importants wtilizare comuna 0 consttuie autendificarea clieatull. Pein accesul la variabila de medi aevore_s00R, patesi determina adresa IP a clientuli foce-un modul ulteries, ve invita si testai valoarea unei varabile gi si modifica comportamencul unui script in functic de valoarea respectiva. De exemplu, putegi folosi acest procedew pentru a exclude cererile caré provin din afara unui anumit set de adrese IP, cum af ficele care reprezinti o anumiti reten. Astfel, aplicatia umneavoastel poate deveni mai rezistent® la atacurile hackerilor care incearci si cexeeze o bresi in sistemul de securitate. (© alti usilizare important a variablelor de mediw con: impose de un anumie browser. Variabila de medlin wrsP_usER_AENT identifick browserul client si versiunes acestuia. Un script PAP poate testa valoacea acestel variable de mediu si trimite numnai date de iepire acceprabile pentru versiunea browserufui aflat in uz, Test .la minut” © Care es Web? * Care este numele variabilei PHP cate contine numale gazdei clientului? wumele variabilei PHIP care congine numele gazdel serverului Sy Project 4-2: Vizualizarea variabilelor de mediu in cadrul acestui proiect, vetiviaualizavalorle a numeroase variabile de get or Scopurile proiectului «© Prezentarea modului de vizualizare a variabilelor de mediy ‘© Prezentarea modului de uilizare a instruciunii echo pentru a trimite browserulul date de iesire Pas cu pas 1. Plasasi urmatorul script PHP int-un figier denumit p-4-2.php gi inedreat) acest figier in serverul dumneavoastra PHP: ‘Rispunsuri la vere SERVER HOST sREWOTE HOST70 _ | Partea I: Serierea programelor PHP clementare app DI Fisterul -4-2.pnp eho “<BR <B>Host eho ‘eBf<bsRewote Host Geno ‘<biecD>Romote Address : echo “<Bi>cb>Ronate Port sc/Pne>" </8> sHyTP USER asewT™; 22/8 SATTPLHOST™: 2. Orientayi un browser Web spre adresa, URL a figierului care confine script PHP, La ‘executarea scriptului de prelucrare, acestaafigeaza valoilevariabilelor de mediu, asa ‘cum se poate vedea in iustraia urmatoare, 1 Stepsssomnocne,con/-tscarey/she/modale-04/ ai Cee | i] Test de evaluare | 1. Cate este vatiabila PHP ce trebuie folositi pentru a obyine accesul la datele asociate unui control definit de eticheta HTML <aweu Tyee=*texT* awe=*culoare*>? 2. Sotieyi o instructiune PHP care trimite browserului valoarea variabilei sx. 3. Scrieii v inswuctiune PHP care erimire browserului aumele variabilei sy. 4, Serie! o instructiune PHP care trimice browserului adzesa URL a paginii care face referire lz pagina cureatl, Modulul 5: Lucrul cu valori scalare Scopuri «+ Invatati s& definiti gi s& utilizati constantele « Invatati sd folositi variabilele dinamice « Invatati sa convertiti valorile dintr-un tip in altul fn cadral Modulului 2, ag invigat despre valori sealare si despre tablouri fn timp ce un tablou are mai multe valoriasociate, un sealar are asociatio singucl valoaze fn acest modbl, vey invita mai multe despre valorile scalare si despre modul de uiilizare a acestora, Utilizarea constantelor si a variabilelor dinamice {In sub-secgiunile umatoaze, vor discuta despre constante i vatiabile dinamice. Pure sie programe PHP utile si complexe fick a tiiza conscante sau variable dinamice. Dac8 urlizarea constantlor poate facia ciirea programelor damnea- voastl,variaille dinamice au un efec car Din acest modi in general se ecomandi evitareavatabilelor dinamce, mal les de cite propramatosi PHP Incepitor.Totui, chiar dack optai pentru a nu folsi varablele dnamice, A pute alla in seuagia dea cra la un program PHP scris deo persoand cate agvecaz acese vaiabile; ca atare, tebuie sb aveylcunostinge despre variable dinamice, indiferent dace folosig sau nu in proprile dumneavoastré programe Utilizarea constantelor © constanti este pur si simplu 0 valoare care este... constanti, c valoare care nu se modifie3. in acest sens, constantele sunt opusele variabilelot, <deoarece valoarea nei varabile se poate modifica pe duzataexecufie! unui program. Daci preferai, ginditi-v la 0 constanci ca la o vasiabilé youmai pentra cir” Pentru a defiti o constant, folositifanctia detine(). SA considesim urmnitoral exemple: atin PE) SatBa Aceasti instructiune defineste constanta Pt, atribuindw-i valoares 3.14159, Dupi cea fost definiti, o constant se poate folos! in cadral unei expresii, De exemply, Putefi calcula stia unui cere dup cum uemeazi:72_ |. Pamea I: Scvievea programelor PHP clementare ‘santé = er graze * shazay ‘Observagicl referingee la o conseanti nu folosesc simbolul dolarului. Astel, © constant poate f cu usuring’ deosebiti de o variabili. Mulfi programatoci scciu aumele coostanteorfolosind numai majuscule,ceea cele fae si mal simplu de idemifca. O funegie conexi, defined), poate determina daci o anumitt constant a fost filth, De exempla, ca ajurorul urmitoarel instruct PHP putes detezmina dact 2 fost defini constanta Px: een aerinedereTs Ee Refineyi ci namele care va fi testat este delimitat prin ghilimele duble. Functia siofined() retumeaz3 o valoare unitari dack respeetiva constanti a fost specifica; in caz contrat, retumeazi zero. in cadrul exemplului,instructiunea echo afiseazi valoatea rerumnati, Put testa valoarea returnati si cu ajutoral construcyilor PHP descrse in Modulel 6. Pe lingi sporirea liibiltigi progsamelor, constantele pot facilta modificarea acestora, Si presupunem ci afi seris un program care congine multe calcule ce folosesc valoarea 3,14159, iar ulterior ai descopesit cX teebuia si folosigi valoarea sai exacti 3,1415926535808, Descoperitea si modificarea fiecirei aparitit a valor originale poate fi 0 acsvitate mare consumatoare de timp. Das, daci ati definit 0 constant& pentru reprezentarea valorii, numiul 3,14159 va aplirea o singuri dati in program. Modificarea unei singure aparigi va deveni o operaie simpli si obipnuitd. Uni programatori cred ci expresie teebuie si congini mumai douli valosi numerice: zero si unu, Toate celelalte valoritrebuie reprezentate sub forma de constante, pentru a imbundcilziilitatea sia facilta modificarea programelos, Valoarea % este folositi extrem de freevent in unele calcale. Pentru comoditate, PHP fumizeaza o funcjionalitate mai indicat decic definirea unei constante cu yaloarea m: funcfiapi() returnenz’ valoarea respectivi, cu 14 cifse semnificatve Deci, putey ealcula aria unui cere folosind vemitoarea expresie: ‘Sante’ pki Sra *!sraza Lucrul cu variabile dinamice Daci o constant poate sport lizibilitates si simplitatea modificiril programelor, ‘variabilele dinamice ingreuneazi ingelegerea si posibilitatea de a opera schimbiti in program. Iati un exemplu simpla de varlabila dinamiel, denummitl ss¢21m * Soanent_tunioes = 125 Stim = “oanend_tursoss"; eho serum (© vasiabild dinamici este denumiti folosind o pereche de simboluri ale dolarului si este asociati cu o variabila obignuitl care are un nume similar gi include un singur Modulul 5: Lucrul cu valosi sealare [73 anatase eal simbol al dotarulu. in exemplu, vsiabila dinamickssrsis este asociaté cu vatiabila obignuité stsie. Valoarea nei variabile obisnuice di sumele (fk un simbol al dolaruhai) une! a doua vasabile ordinare, fa exemplu, a doua varabiliobigauitd este soareni_furiosi, Valoarea acestei a dows vasiabile obigauite este valoasea vasiabiei dinamice: in exemplu, aceasta este valoarea 12°. Programatoril spun ch o vasiabiltdioamiek face o rind indinetd la valoasea sa Cu alte cuvinte, o variablé dinamici nu congine, practic, propsia sa valoar. In schimb, conyine amplasamental unde se poate gisi valoarea; cu alte covinte, numele tune! alte wariabile Test .le minut® © Scrietio instructiune care defineste o constant denumieh LATURE, att- uindi-i valoarea 4 © Sctietio inserucyiune care defineste © constanti denumiti saLUT, atti- Dbuindw valoarea *buna_ztue* © Scrieyi o instructiune care afiseazi valoarea variabilei dinamice asociate vvatiabilei obigmuite sporunbe. SD Sfatul specialistului E Intrebare: Variablele dinamice sunt o notiume cam derutants. De ce le folosesc programatorii? RAspuns: Daciivariabilele dinamice vi se par derntante, nw intrati in panici; variabilele dinamice son derutante. Uneori este posibilé reducerea dimen siuailor unui program folosind una seu mat multe variable dinamice, Dar progrs- tatotié comit adesea grescli care determin variabilele dinamice si faci referice lt valoti gresite si neastepeate, Ganditi-vi cf a crea un program core este mai important dectt a crea un program suceine. Cand vedeti o posibiliare de a elimina numesoase lini de program folosind o variabilé dinamic’, gindig-va de dou orl insinte de # sevizui programul Ya original era vorba despre flmul ,39 de trepte™ S-a preferat modifcares exemplalui pentn a au denumi 0 vacabilt co tumele ,de_tepre", a52 cum 0 cerea exemplal ~ NT. Raspunsuri I test: * aetine( LATURZ™, 4); # dersne("SALUT*, “eune_ziva’); ‘ono SSporunbel:;74_{ Partea I: Scsierea programelor PHP clementare Lucrul cu tipuri PHP este ceea ce se numeste un limbaj de programare cu tipusidinamice, O consccingi a carscteruluidinamic al ipurlor de variable aferente limbajului PHP. este accea cd nu trebuie si specifica tipul varabilelor, PHP decermin’ tipul vas bile n fancgie de tipululimei valos aeibuie vasabile x toate acestea,caracterul dinamic al tipuilor au v8 seuteste de problemele legate de tipur. Trebuie si cunoastei tipurle acceptate gi coea ce se intimpli cand in cacral expresilor se folosese dow sau mai multe tipu Conversia automata de tip S& ludim in considerare uematoral seript PHP scurt: wet ay rath Bb t gy; tone $23 Instrucyiunen de atribuite care stochea2a o valoare in variabila $2 este interesantl, cexpresia din membral drepr include ua operand intreg si un operand de tip dublu. Ce valoare va apizea ca dati de iesire? Rispunsul corect este 3.5, 0 valoare de tip dub. Cand o expresie aritmetica foloseste mai multe tipuri, PHP executi conversia automat de tip, Dacd oricare dintre operanai este de tip dublu, PHP trateazt ceili operanzi ca si cum ar fi de tip dublu, executi calculele si resumeazitrezul- raul ca valoare de tip dubla, Daca toi operanzii unci expresii sunt intregi, PHP execuci calculul si retumeazd rezultatal sub forma de intreg, Esve important si injeleged fapral ck prin conversia de tip nu se modifica ‘iparile operanailor unei expres; acestia sunt pur si simplu trata ca si cum ar fost de un al tip. in cadcal exemplului, variabila sx simne de tip intreg, chiar daca PHP o wateszi cao valoare de tip dubla pentsw a executa calculle Sieusile pot 6 de asemenea supuse unci conversii de tip. Sé examinim urmitoral exempl: 8 $y = $i +11 morer;+ <—f Cuvdnnal nore din ginal text este mora echo Sy ‘Valoarea afisavi este doi, adie& suma dintre valoatea variabilei sx i valoasea ‘numeric8 a sirului text, care este unu. Valoarea numeric’ si tiparile unui sie sunt determinate prin respectarea urmitoarelot reguli "Tn traducere ,jnci 1% Cavintul ,more din sirul text este jgnorat. Daca sat 6 folosie ‘raducerea in limba romani, valoatea vaeabilei Sy ar fi fost uu, din motive cate Wor B prezeatate imediae(teguls ne. 1). = NIT Modulul §: Luceul cu valorisealre | 75 1. Daci gira incepe ex 0 valoaze numeric, valoaren sirulai este datk de valoaren rnumericd respectivs in eaz contra, valoaressiralul este zero 2, Daci un punet zecimal sau un exponent (esau 8), este asociat cu valoasea nume- ric, tipal variabileirezuttante este dublu; in cxz conta, pul valosirezultante este un fntseg Conversia manuala de tip Dack prefers, pute’ prelua controll conversiei de sip sau putes! modifica spa vunel variabile. Peneru 2 prelua conerolul conversiei de tip, putes cimet frit un operand de la.un tip l alta, proces cunoscut sub aumele de converse fort de tp sax pur gi simplu conser jor. In continua, este dat un exempha de converse de tp: sets ye 28: S25 3x + (integer) 8; feono $25, ge}, determina tratarea variabilei sy ca pe Conversa frat de tip, si anumne ( un intreg, iar valoarea acesteia devine 2, in loc de 2.5, care este-valoarea reali a variabilei $2. Tabelul urmitor indica si alte conversi forfate de tip care se pot folosi: Conversie fortata Rezultat Aint), (integer) Converse fortata a intreg {real}, (gouble), (test) Converse forfat la dublu (string) Conversie fora la sir (eersy) CConversie forjat la tablou object) Conversiefortat la obiect Numeroase funcfii farnizeazi ine8 o modalitate de a trata 0 vasiabill ca si cum at ide un tip specifcat. Tebelul unmitor prezintd suecine aceste funetli. Ca exempha de -wlizare 4 uneia dint funcfle respective, lay in considerare urmtoral exemplu: setts Sy.* dntvan(sx); sche $5 echo 83 ‘Valoarea 1.5 este aflsati ca valoare a vasiabilei $x, iar valoarea 1 este afisati ca valoare a variabile gy Func Operatic Doubleval() Trateazi argumentul ea find de tip dublu Intval()_Trateazd argumentul ca find de tp intreg, = Strvad{) —_Trateaza arqumentul ca find de tp gic Nici conversia normal si nici cea forjati nu modifck ipul unui operaad. Ambele mecanisme determin tratarea operanzilor ca si cum a fi de un alt ip. Torus ‘modificarea tipului unei variabile este posibil prin utilizarea functiei sertype(. Acest procedeu este iustrat in urmatorul exemplo: SS76 __{ Partea I: Scrieves programeloz PHP elementare se = 45; sertype(Sx, eee & ‘anteger"); Valoarea afigata a variabilei $x este egal cu unitatea, deoarece fracfia zecimals se pierde anunci cand foncria settype() converteste valoarea dubia la o valoare intreagi. Pures obtine acelasi rezultat cu urmatoatea instrucriune de atribuire, care foloseste © converse Fora 7s Sotantaery sit ‘Valotile posibile pentru al doilea argument al funcfici settype(), si anume argu ‘mental cate specifica tipul dart, suae © Jaeger * double pstting" camy" sobjecc* fance cones, si anume gettype(), retumeaz4 un sit care indicitipul vatiabilei specifieate. Seriptul urmtor afieazi siral “integer”, care indi tipul vai be fone geteype(snn; Sfatul specialistului &__Intrebare: Studiind programele PHP scrise de alti, am observat operstorul +=. Care este efectul operatorului respectiv? Raspuns: Opcratorul += au este decit o modaltate rapidé dea serie 0 instruciune de ateibuire eaze implicl operatorul +. Unmitoarele dova instrucfuai de atribuire, una nosmali si una ytapidi, au acelag efect: sea; Brot Aceasti instructiune de atribuire rapid vi scuteste de efortul de a sctie 0 variabili, sx in cazul exemplelai nostey, in ambii membti ai instructiunti de accibuire, Tabelul umator rezumé operator rapide atribuire pentru operatile asitmetice si pentru situs, furnizind un exemplu pentru fiecare operator si 0 instrucgiune de atribuire echivalent’. Instrucfiune de atribuire .rapids” pee Instructiune de atribuire normals 3 eexty Modulul §: Lucrul cu valos sealare | 77 Test .la minut™ © Daci se inmulteste 0 valoare de tip dublu cu o valoare intreaga, care ceste tipul sezultatului? '* Scrieti o expresie care converteste forjat valoazea variabilei 6x in tipul dublu, © Care este valoares si tipul espresiei 1.5 + au"? Project 5-1: Un calculator simplu % ‘in cadrul acestui proiect, veti scrie si veti executa un mic program PHP a ‘care serveste drept calculator simplu, Calculatorul adund doug numere SAELREP Inroduse de utileator sl atgeacd sum Scopurile proectulul # Prezentarea moduli ir are numerel intoduse sub forma de text se pot folsiin expresiesitmetice # Prezentarea moduli in are instructiaile PAP dint-un formular pot prelcra datele intoduse a formulae Pas cu pas 1. Plasafi urmtoral script PHP intrsunfisier denumit p-S-1.phe 3! Incireati acest figer tn serverul dumneavoasted PHP: eens <HEAD> “riTLesproiect §-1<)711LE> <)He80> Slew Flsterul p-§. FoR WETHDO=*POST STABLES Te ‘><input Twre=*Texr* waue=*0°1* VALUES"<? ono S0Pt 7>"></T0> aime <r STO ALIGNe" CENTER! >+</10> eth <i <T><INPUT TYPE="TEXT? nane="oP2* “WALUE="<? deho $0P2 25°5<)TO> <i ‘ispunsudi la vest * dublu + (doubie) sx 91.5, dubia{_Pactea I: Serieren progsamelot PHP eleme <the STO ALTON CENTER” ><INPUT TYPE ae STO><INFUT TYPE=*TEXT® NAuE=*REZULTAT® VALUE ="<7 eho S0Pt 4 S0P2 75" dieabbees</Te rab. fron <auor> 2. Alocai putin timp studivlsriptulu PH, acordind o anti specialé moduli de uitlizare a instructiunilor PHP echo pentru generareavalororatributlor HTML, 3. Orientayi un Browser Web spre dese URL o feral tneeat In etapa anterioars, Eeranal brow Seruli trebuie 8 fie asemanator Celi prezentat in iustratia urma- toare.Introducef valerie calor dot operandi executai ce pe butonul ce expediee, care este marcatcU Un simbol al egaltat 4 inmomentulexecutSriseriptlu de prelucrre, acesta obfine acces la ‘alot ceior dous variable din formulae care reprezints operenci, ype caleuleaza suma lor si specifica suma_ ies: ca find valoarea atbutulul VALE 2 easetel cu text numitsReZULtAT. Un rezulatearacterstic este prezentat Inilustrapia urmatoare a ieee Project 5-2: Un calculator pentru date calentiaristice {in cacrulacestui proiect, vet sre s vet! executa un prograim PHP care cxecuts operat aritmetice cu date, Program permite ulzatorul sa SASL itroducs'c dats so cstans, expat ral, nraport cu dota respect ‘poi calculeazs si afgeaza data rezultantd, Modulut Scopul proiectului ‘© Prezentarea modului in care datele calendaristce pot fi introduse sub form de text, converte in format numeric s utlizate in expresle artmetice cu pas, 1. Plasati urmatorul script PHP intr-un figier denumit p-5-2.ehp si incdrcafi acest figier in serverul dumneavoastra PHP: srs <rilepproiect 5-2</TITLE> </heaD> Slo- Fisiorul p-5-2.php => FoR METHOD" POST" ACTION="p-5-2.php°> STABLE <T Data: <aR> ‘STO><INPUT TYPE**TEXT NAME="DATAY VALUE SOATA 73*><)TO> <i -<iohp echo the <TD ALTOHe*CENTER'>+</T0> Tee ae <I><INPUT TWPE=*TEKT* NAME="DISTANTA" VALUE*"<?enp e2ho. SDISTANTA 7>"><) 10> <The Te <TD ALIGN=“CENTER"><INPUT TYPE=*GUBIIET" VALUE <The </T0> am 2 <To><1NeT TYPE="TEXT* NAM = fle2ULTAT* wt 24+ (SOISTANTA))) T>" dlsadled><tD> -<itagu> “/FoAle : <]800% <> 2. Alocati un timp studiulu seriptului PHP acordand o atentie special modului de caleul al valor atributului vALUE al casete cu text denumita AEZULTAT. SUb-expresia 60*60"24 reprezints numarul de secunde al unei ile. Funcria strtctme|) preia 0 data ca argu- ‘ment si returneazi numarul secundelor scurse de la 1 ianuarie 1970, ora 00:00 GMT, ‘moment cunoscut sub numele de epocd UNIX. Procedeul de ceprezentare a datelor gia orelor sub forma numarului de secunde scurse de la momentul epocii UNIX este cunoscut sub numele de ord UNIX. Functia date() preia dous argumente. Functia formatearé data fumizaté de al doilea argument in conformitate cu sirul dat ca prim argument. Sirul80 Partea I: Scticrea pragramelor PHP elemencare Wj," determing functia s3 roturheze numele luni, urmat de ziua din lun, o virgula si valoarea anului 3, Onentaji un browser Web spre adrosa URL fiseruiui care contine script pe care -a Incsreat in cadrul prime’ etape. Ecranul browserului ‘rebuie s8 fe asemanator celui prezentat in urmatoarea iustratie. Introduce o data gio distanta (oxprimat in zile) si executati cic pe butonul de expediere, care este ‘etichetat cu un semn de egalitate. 4. La executarea scriptulu' de prelu- rare, acesta obtine accesul Ia valorle celor dous varabile din formula, care reprezinta data si distanta ‘exprimata in zie, calculeaz’ suma acestora si specifics summa ca valoare 2 atributull vALUE al casetel cu text ddenumité REZULTAT, Un rezultat caracteristc este prezentat in ilustrayia urmatoare. a Cire dee Project 5-3: Un generator de stiri in cadrul acestui proiec, vetiscrie un program PHP care construieste un Sy program de gtci uravistice. Programul permite utiizatoruli sa scrie citeva i sirur de text si apoi asambleazé srurileint-un arco. Scopul proiectului «© Prezentarea modului de utilizare a siruriior text pentru a specifica un text HTML Pas cu pas 1. Plasati urmatoarea pagina HTML intr-unfisier lenumit p-5-3. html s1 Incarcat acest fisier in servecul dumneavoastra PH STITLE>Proieet 5-9¢/TITLE> (ea 200% Sls- Fisierul p-5-3.heml ~ “<FORW METHOD=*POST™ ACTIONS" p-5-9.php"> <TABLE : Modulul 5: Luerul cu valori sealare Sib ALIONs*ALGHT'>Prenunele utilazetorului></70> Stbs<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME=“ USER =< 1D> <r STO ALIGN=*AIGHT"20ras mare:<)1D> ‘SIO><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAHE=*ORAS"></ 1 ete <TD ALIGN"RIGAT">Inghetate preterata:</TO> Stbe<DNPUT TYPE="TEXT” NAIES"AROMA"></1D> <Te se tb ALIGN="ALGAT“stimele Anterpretulul pop-rock preferat:</TO> <TD><INPUT TYPE="TEXT” NAHE=" STAR ></TD> <TR ae ‘SiO ALTON*RIGAT">tumele nus rau-cunoseut:</T0> “StDS<IMPUT TYPES"TEXT™ NAMES" RA ></TD> <TR me “eis</T0> “tD><INPUT TYPE=*SUBUIT"></T0> <TR> : <rmaoLe> B00 2. Plasayi urmatorul seript PHP int-un fsier denumitp6-9.9hp si Incarcafi acest fisier in serverul dumneavoastrs PHP, slasandu In acelai catalog ca $i fiserul p-5-3. nem: sHeAD> SILTLEsProiect §-9</71TLE> eta» “200 Sloy Fisterul.p-8-3.pnp > ‘Sclirensctitseursa stirtlor gespre celebritats</it></0BNTER CENTER><79np echo. Gate("L, Ff, Y").7>K/OENTERS “CENTERS H2>ULTINELE STIRE! 1 1<)2><CeNTER> a “7ohp echo SORAS 2» os Seara trecuta, starul pop <tpip echo SSTAR 7 a fost yvazut intro conpanie ‘ecunoscuta. Gei dot serveau inghetata de <7prp echo SARDWA 2> 1a <?php echo SRA 7 Club, un Local cunoscut in <Zpnp echo SOAAS 2> trecventat de persone Litatl, Conform unor eurse confidentiate, misterioase conpanse ere <?php echo SUSER 7, fostul sofer al castigatorulut de anul trecut al Premiului Grammy... -</800"> “eresModulut §: Lucrul cu valor sealate 83 3. Studia formularul HTML si identifica variabilee de tip formular pe care le defineste ‘poi, studiat scriptul PHP si identifica locurie unde valor variabilelor din formular sunt folosite pentru generarea de text HTML, ientat un browser Web spre adresa LURLe fisieruli care contine formu larul HTML introducetio valoare pentru fiecare cmp. Ecranul browse: Test de evaluare 1. Scrieti o instructiune care defineste o constanti valoarea 186,282" 2. Scrieyio instructiune care afigenzii o valoare ce indici dact a fost sau nu enumitt viTeza, care are fll rebuff seminar ei ers Best Name: Bap defini constanta wei, idky Saga ae daria aa ‘ee | |3:Daca vatiabila spisics are valoarea “Tom si daci variabila saninat are valoarea vor fi diferite de cele prezentate in Fe ee Crean “isice’, care este qumele unei varabile dinamice cu valoazea “Ton? figura, Exeeutafi cle pe butonul de vor = 4. Daci se procedeaza la impiirea a dous valor intreg, care este pul rezulta- expeciere Favote Pop Misi | tala? : : 5. Li executarea scriptulul de prelucrare, Sta Be Hoa | 7 ‘ : oe ee = 5. Daci o viloare de tp intreg se imparte lao valosre de tip dubla, care este bielos gin formar sie insereazs sub A stag inher form’ de text HTML timis brow. | ctieio insteucyiune care modifick pul variabileiscost in tnt Serulu Un rezuttat caracteristic este | i . es prezentat in strata urmatoare al | Cie TT ee S| Bursa stirilor despre celebritati Slee, 3 marie 2001 | Ultimele stiri! Lisabona: Seara tecut, star pop Ricky Magtin «fost | ‘vizut inc-o companie necunoscutl. Cei dot | serveau inghejatl de vanile cu migdale la | | Amazon Club, un local cunoseut din Lisabona, fecventat de personaltig. Confoomn unor surse confidengale, mistrioasa ‘companie ere Sue, fostal sofer al eistightonu de anul eecut al Premiuiui Grammy.Partea a Il-a: Scrierea unor programe PHP cu un grad avansat de complexitate Modulul 6: Scrierea instructiunilor PHP conditionale Scopuri © Invatati sa defini alorile de tip adevarat/fals jell Instructiunile s+ gf instructiunile a se comport in exact acelasi mod la fccare estora. in schimb, programele iav decizii, executind uneori o operatic $i in faneye de circumstance. De exemplu, un progeam util pentra calculul 8 a impozitalai pentru Gecare conteibua ga ok incorporai insteucgiiaile condifionale in cit programele si poati lua deciz bias= 86 _| Parton a Ha: Scrirea unor programe PHP cu un grad avans Utilizarea valorilor de tip adevarat/fals Programele PHP inu deciaii pein evalvatea wnor expres conditional $1 executt instructiuni bazate pe rezultatele acestor evaluisi. Expresile condiionale sunt asimilate ca avind una din dow valor: true (adevirat) sau false (fal). Uncosi, expresiile condisionale se mai numesc si expresti booleene, in onoazea matemati- cianului care le-a studiat, George Boole. Constanta true are valoarea 1, jar constanta le complexitate ‘alse are valoarea 0. Patesi forma o expresie conditionali folosind constanta true sau constanta false, (© modalitaic mai utili de a forma o expresie conditional consti in utiizarea unui operator relefional pentru compararea a dou valori numerice. Si luém in considerare uemitorul exemplu: were 5 ae ‘Aceasti expresie condisionals foloseste operatorul <, care aze in esengly aceeasi semnificagie ca in algebr8. Expresia are valoarea true daca si mumai daci valoarea variabilei fa este mai mich decie unitates; in toate celelalte cazur, are waloacea tales PHP fusnizeaei un set de asemenea operator selaionali, pezentayi pe scurt in tabelal 6-1 PHP nu vi obligh si comparayi numai valosi numerice. Pate folosi operatoni selaponali pentrs comparareagiruilor; eu toate acestea, un sir cae apate into expresie condiionals este convertit lao valoare numericl inainte de evaluarea expresie, Descori se ajange la rezultate neasteprate. In general, valoslesiruilor trcbvie si fle comparate folosind o funcyie de comparate a sirrllor aceste funcy vor fi explicate in Modula 7 ‘HAUSA Operon raagonad winged BHP Operator Descriere aah ‘Adavirat dach valoarea lui 2 este mai mick decSt valoares lui b ab ‘Adevarat dacd valoarea lui a este mai mare decdt valoarea li. ‘Adevarat dacd valoarea lui a este mai micd sau egala cu valoarea lub ‘Adevirat dacd valoarea lui a este mai mare sau egalé cu valoarea ii b. ‘Adevirat dacB valoarea lui a este egalb cu valoares lui ‘Adevirat dac8 valoarea lui a este diferita de valoarea ii b ‘Adevarat dacd asi b sunt identice; cu alte cwinte, dacs asi bau acelasi tip si {daca valoarea lui a este egala cu valoarea lui b. Adevirat dack a si bru sunt identice; cu alte cuvinte, daca a i b nu sunt de _acelasi tp sau daca valoarea lui a este difeit de valoarea lui b Pentru comoditate, puteyi forma expresii condigionale fri un operator relational. De exemplu, daci sa este o variabili numeric, puteti folosi expresia $a ca expresie conditionals. Expresia este considerati ca avind valoazea false daci valoarca vatiabilei sa este zeto, respectiv valoarea true daci valoarea variabilei respective este Modutul 6: Scrictea instrueyiunilor PHP condltionale | _87 diferiei de zero, Daci folositi un sir ea expresie condiionalé, expresia are valoarea ‘aise daci sirul este vid sau daci are valoarea special "\0*, caze simbolizeazi wn octet cu valoarea zero. Similar, uilizarea unci valozi nedefinite ca expresie conditio- ala determin obyinerea valori false. Daci folositi un tablou sau un obiect ca cexpresie conditionala, aceasta are valoarea false daca tabloul sau obiectul sunt vides in caz contras, expresia are valoarea true Pentru a sintetiza, at regulile care definese rezultaral unei expresii condigionale: * Constantele true si false isi iau respectiv valorile lor booleene corespunzitoare © O expresic condiionalé care consti dint-o valoare nedlefniti are valoarea talse; in ccaz contra, rezultatul depinde de tipo! valosi in spegi aumeric, sis, tablow sau obiect © O expresic condlitionald care consti dincr-o valoate mumerici are valoarca false daci valoarea este zero; in eaz contrar, are valoacea true. © O expresic conditionali care consti dintr-o valoate de tip sir are valoarea faise ddaci sil este vid; in caz contrat, aze valoaren true, © O exptesie condiionali care consti dints-o valoare de tip tablow sau obiect are valoarea faise daci tabloul sau obiecral sunt vide; in eaz contra, are valoatea true, © O expresie condisionali sleatuiti dints-ua operator relational si din operanzi shi ia valori in conformitate cu rezulnanal comparatiei (aumerice sau nu) Pucei forma expresii conditionale complexe prin unirea a dowi expresii condi- Fionale eu sjurorul wnui gperator logic. De exemplu, expresia urmiitoare este adevirat’ <daci ambele expresii conditionale care 0 compun sunt adevirate: Bee Law oD <4 Cu alte cuvinte, expresia este adevirati dact aude variabila sa, cit si variabla se au valori mai mici decat unitatea. Tabelul 6-2 prezinsl pe scurt operator logici ai limbajuiui PHP. Retineti ci putey prefixa o expresie condisionala cu operatorul 1, cate inverseaz valoarea yadevirat sau ,fas a operandului sit. fn general, expresile suuat evuluane de la setuge la dreapra, Torusi, operator care apar in partea superioari 2 tabelului dispun de o precedeagi mai sidicati gi sunt cfectuasi anterior operatorilor cu o precedenpi mai redus’, daci nu sunt folosive paranteze pentru a specifica o alti ordine a operatilot, RIBGIGEDT Operator logia a imbajuk PAP. Operator Descriere x AND y —Adevérat dac8 att x, cSt gy sunt adevarate XAby) —Adevirat ach att x cSt iy sunt deviate X OK y —_Adevratdac8 minimum una din expres x sy este adevirata X IL y —‘Rdevatat dacé minimum una din expresile x $y este adevdrath Xx0R y —Adevarat dack numa una din expresiex sy este adevarat be ‘Adovirat dacd x est flef SP Sfatul specialistului & _— Intrebare: De ce foloseste PHP doi operatori logici reprezen- tind conjunc (wo gist) $i doi operator logici reprezentdnd <isjunogi (on si |1)? Cate sunt diferengefe intre cele dows tipusi de operatori? Partea a H-a: Sctictea unos programe PHP cu un grad avansat de complexitate Raspuns: Ambii operstori de conjunctie executi aceeasi operatic, ca de alvfel si ambi operatozi de disjunctic. Cu toate acestea, operatori dif din ‘puncrul de vedere al pretdene!~ caracteristica determinant 2 ordinii in care sunt ‘exccutite opertile in impul evalu2si expresilor. Operator aa si || au 0 prece- <dengi zeativ ridicat in timp ce operatorii ato si of au o precedents relativ redusi, Tabelul 6-3 indicd precedenta operatorilor PHP, conginind numerosi ‘operatori care nu au fost inci prezentat ‘Tabelul 63. Precedents operatorilor PAP ‘Operator {TP Gi double ing arp obec oe ‘De exemplu, si consider urmitoarea expresie Saaesb ose : . zie ¥ Precedenga operstorului de multplicae + este mai ridiatt deci aceea a operatoruh de adunare +, deci inmulfire este efectuati prima, chiar dack adunarea apare la stings Jnmulfi, Co alte cuvine, expresi este evaloaté ca gi cum at fi ost scsi ase: fe Eee eS acti dorigi ca adunarea si fie efectuati prima, puteti folosi paranteze in cadrul expresil, astiel: ‘Modula! 6: Scrierea instrucyionilor PHP conditional | 89 Test .la minut” ‘Si presupunem ci variabila $s are valoarea 10, vatabila $b are valoazea 1, jac variabila $e are valoarea 1: © Care este valoarea expresici sa < $0? © Care este valoarea expresici 6a <= $0? © Cate este valoarea expresiei sa > 80? © Cate este valoarea expresiei sb >- $0? © Care este valoarea expresiei sa > sb ato sb >= $0? Scriérea instructiunilor it simple Espresile conditionale nu sunt deosebit de interesante sau utile ca atare. Aceste cexpreai sunt ined esengile pent sericea inca cndonae, pin care sei. deci. Cex mai sips instruefune condijonal ese instrucfiunea sf, care execu dou operat: Mal ini, evalueaz o exprsiecondifonala. Apo, ck si numa dact waoares ‘apresii condifonale este true, instnicyunea sf execu o instrueiune specifies atl o instrictone s¢ simpli iF (shunar > 40) echo "acoota este on mamar aare*: Si ne reamintim ci, in general, limbajul PHP ignori spagiile albe. In mod con- vengional,o insteucfune asocat une insteacuni i este serisk decalat fa raport eu ceasta. Aces procedea este recomandat deoarece prin utlizarea sa este facilites citrea programuli. Atanei cind este execute, instucyiunea if evalueazi expresia condisionali snunar > 10, care este adevirati numai dacé valoarea variable Snusar ‘ste mai mare deett 10, Tnstrucfiunea echo este executaté dumai dacl valontea vatiabilei snunar este mai mare decit 10. Pentru a acumula experienti in ucilizarea instructiunii if, au uitag si parcurgeti Proiectul 6-1. Project 6-1: Testarea valorilor numerice in cadrul acestuiproiect, vei serie si veyi execute un mic program PHP, core include o nstvuefune it rogramul indies dacd un nama pe care ETD ineroducel este sau au moi mare deat 10 Rispunsod wes false = true + truesograme PHP cu ua grad avansat de complexitate Scopul projectului ‘© Prezentarea modului de functionare a instruciuni¢¢ Pas cu pas 1. Plast urmatorl script PAP trun fier deni -6-1.ph Tne acest ern serverul dumneavoastré PHP: i fen rials SHEAD> STUTLE>Prosect 6-74/TITLE> <so0y> sles Fister p-6-1.php --> <toho echo Mumarut introdus @ fost: smunar.* if (snunar > 10) feng "<BRbAcesta este un nunar mare."; </a00%> <em> 2. Plasati urmatoarea pagind HTML Int-un filer denumit p-6-1.ntal $i nedtcay acest filer in serverul dumneavoasta, plasindur| in acelasi catalog casi fisierul p.6-1- php: tins STITUESProdect -14/TITLE> </NEA0> -<00y> Al-~ Fister p.6-1.ntm) --> SFORW METHOO=*POST™ ACTION="p-6-1.php"> Introdueeti 0 valoare nunersca <ato-erieuT TYPE <1Foue 1803" 3 somal 3. Orientayi un browser Web spre adresa URL 2 fisierulu incdrcat in etapa precedentd, Ecranul browseruluitrebuie s8 fe ase nanator celu! prezentat in iustratia lurmatoare.Introduceyi un nurse 3! apasayi pe tasta ener.” 4. in momentul executelscriptului de prelucrare, acesta compara valoares pe ‘are ai introdus-o cu valoarea 10. Daci ati introdus © valoare mai mare decit 10, scriptul afiseaza un mesa, Un rezultat caracteristic este prezentat in iustratia. : Soy (Ti iar foie ee a rig et menyonat ast TUR, sure caren se nal ulizeaed de male a ‘aru exeanonrloe = NCE ‘Modul 6: Serieres insteveyiunil @ Test Ja minut* Serieti o instructiune care afigea2 mesajul ,,aoleut"* daci valoarea varia. bil ste mai maze decit 2er0 Serie o instructiune 4+ cate afigensk mesajul au tecee" daca valoszea variabilei sevioare este egali cu valosrea variabilei Srosu sau cu valoarea variable satben Scrierea unor instructiuni it mai complexe canal in care 4 presupunem cX dorig el executai na una, ei doul instrvetunt i ‘o anumiti expresie condigionalé este adevirati. Putegscrie dows instructiuai 1*, cite una pentzu Gecare dinte instrucyiunile pe care dort si le executai. Alternativ, pute crea un grup de insrugi, prin inckuderea uni seit de instrucyiuni intre paranteze acolade, Un grup de instrucyiuni se comport ca o singurd instruciune gi fe poate asocia cu o instruefiune st. Sé considerim urmatonal exemple 56 (shunar’> 10) ‘echo “<OReMunarut este (echo “<BRoDeck, trebuie sa fie m } fin cazul in care expresia conditionali are valoarea true, sunt executate ambele jnstruetiuai din cadrul grupului de instrucgiuni. Unii programatori prefer si form: teze programe ca acesta in alt mod. De exempla, ei pot scrie ceva de genul urmax af (Gnumar > 10) 4 echo “<BHWunarvl este mat mare decat 10." Geno “<BHoDect, trebuie sa tie mare.*; ? “Acest stil este mai compact, dar face dificil identificarea parantezei acolade de detchidere corespunzitoare parantezei de inchidere. Probleme de lizbilitate de facest gen devin importante la scrierea unor instructiuni it mai complicate, ‘Sa presupunem ci doriti si executati o instructiune atunci cind o conditie este ‘adevirati si 0 alti instrucfiune cid conditia este falsi. Instructiunea else mite si procedagi astfel. Si luiim tn considerare urmaorul exemplu: it. (Gnunar > 40) ‘echo ‘<BRoAceste este un nunar mere. ease techo *<BFoAcesta este un aunar mic. asponcur latest: wif (Seront > 0) echo “aoteut + 4F (Seulosre =» Srosu OR Sculosre == Sgaiben) feeno "nu trace";92__ | Panea a Meat Scrierea unor programe PHP eu wn grad avansat de complexitare In acest exempl, messjl Acesta este un numic mare" ese affat stun end valoarea variabilei snunar este mai mare decit 10; mesajul ,,Acesta este un numir inc este afgat in ca contrat Dack dos, pute lod instructune etse cu un snup de iatruun, De exemphu if (Snumar-> 10) echo "<Sh>Acesta ate un numar mare. *; vise « echo ‘<aRowumarui este mas mic decat 10." feche *<BReEete un nunar mic} } Instructiunes asociatd unei insteucfiuni f sau etee poate fi ea insisi o instruc fitne tf, O asemenea instructiune if se numeste dnstrucine i¢ imbriatd. Yat un exempla de insteuctiune s¢ imbricatt: it (Srumaé'> ia) st (Snunar > 100) leche "cBReACesta este un numer foarte mare.” echo “<aR>Acesta este un nunar mare"; else ‘echo "<Bf>Acesta este un nunar mic." Exemplul afigeazi mesajul ,Acesta este un numis foarte mare. daci valoazea variable! snunar depaseste 100; in caz contras, dacd valoazea vatiabilei snuaar este sai mare decit 10, se afigeazt messjul ,Acesta este un aumis maze", Dack valoa- rea variable snumar este mai miei sau egalé cu (0, esemplal afigeaxi mesajul Acosta “Inscructiunile s¢ imbricate pot deveni extrem de difiell de ingles dct numiral de instruction §inivelul de imbricare mu sunt selativ reduse, Deci tzebuie sh le fotos cu economic © instructiune corelats atic eu instructiunea 4, cit si cu instructunea else, este instructiunea eisest. Cind este folositi corect, poate fi mai simpl de ingles decét © instricpuune 1 imbricati, logic echivalenti cu aceasta Tati un exempla de instruc- fiune elseit: SF (Soman * 100) cho "<SRoncesta este un nunar foarte mare"; (Snunar > 10) cho “<SReAceste este un numer sare,” used? (Snunar > 3) echo: “<BRonceste este un numer wie." ise cho "<BRbacesta este un nunar foarte mic? Exciplal extinde funeyonaltaea exemplull anterior, aig mesjl ,Acesta este un num foarte mic" penta valor le vaiabiel mar mai mie au eae eo 1. Tne eat gener cu o instrucfane igi eu oinstruune else ponte fasocat Moslulul 6: Serierea instrtivnilor PHP eondionale {98 ‘un numa mule mai mare de instructiuni etsett. PHP evalucaza expresile condifio- tale in mod succesiv, pornind de la expresia conditionali asociatl instructiunil it PHP exccutd instructiunea asociati primei expresti conditionale care are valoarca ‘rus; dact aici o expresie concifionalt nu are valoarea true, PHP executh inseruc- lunes asociati cu instrucgiunea eise. Este permisi omiterea instrucsiun etse, caz in care nu este executatk niei o instruegiune daci nici una din expresille condigionale smu are valoarea true. Test .|a minut” «© Scrieti o inseructiune sf si-o instructiune else pentru a afisa mesajul stai" daca valoarea variabilei seutoare este egal cu valoarea variabilei Srosu saz cu valoarea variablei $gatven, respectiv pentru a afiga mesajul liber" in caz contrar ‘© Scriegi o instructiune if si o instructiune e1se pentru a inmulgi valoarea ‘variabilei snunar cu 10 daci valoarea variabilei sfactor este 1, respectiv pentru a lamulgi valoarea variabilei seunar cu 100 in caz contras Scrierea instructiunilor switch, break $i default Instrucgiunea if v4 permite i luagio decizie in dou sensuri, Pentru a putea hua © decizie in mai multe seasui, puretifolosi mai mule instructivni sf, e1se sau aleest. Cu toate acestea, cind dosifi ca programul dumneavoasted si aleagi dinti-un set de alternative care pot fi reprezentate prin valor incregi, instrucyiunea switch este 0 opsiune mai convenabilt De exemplu, si presupunem ci valoarea variablel snusar este 1, 2 sau 3, repre- zeatind respectiv dimensiunile mick, medie si mare. Jati un mic program cate afigeaza dimensiunile asociate valorilor variable! sounar: . fateh sami) pase(): ‘echo *ate"s break Raspunsori la test + Af (Seuloare =» $rosu OR Sculoare ‘echo “stais else fone *2ibe oar (stactor Snunar = 10 + $num ease Snumar = 100 * SrumarsFi REE ee 94 | Partea a I-a: Scrieres unor programe PHP co un gead avansat de complexitate ‘Modul 6: Serierea insttucyiunilor PHP conditionale | 95 ase(2): sho "edie"; breaks ae) breaks cotault che vAcasta nu este un cod valabS3"; > Aciunea une! instrucyiuni switen este determinatk de valoarea unei expres ‘ntregi, au de valoarea unei expresiiconditionale. Numele vasablei este dat intre parantezele care urmeazi dup cuvintal cheie switon, Parantezele acolade delim tesa o serie de instructiuni case si o instruciune default optional fccare dintre instructunile cuprinse intee paranteze putind avea instrucgiuni asociate. Cind este executed instrucgiunea owsteh incearcd si stabileascé 0 identitateintxe valoazca ‘arabilel sale asociat si valoarea asociatS une instrueyiun ease, Se vor executa instruciunife asociate primei instructiuni ease pentru caze identitatea respectiv este valabili. Daci valoarea variable din instrueyiunea switch au cozespunde nici uneia din valorile asociate instruciunilor ease, se vor executa instrucganile asociate instructiuni deat, dact exist o asemenea instrucyune. Un procede de programare indicat consth in aceea ca fecareinstruciune case din cadril unei instrucgiuni seiten si se incheie ex o insteucune break, Instruc- siunea break determind incheierea executeiinstrucyunii sites, tansferind contro- Jal urmitoarei instruct seevengiale care suecede insteueyiuni antten. in absenga instrucfunii break, executiatrece la urmtoatea instructiune ease sau default, fapt nedorie in majoritatea cazusilor SUGESTIC wenn Iu este necesar sa folositi numere Tntregi consecutive fn instrucfunile ease ale unei instructiuni suiten. Daca preferayi, putey folosi numere intregi non-consecutive, nunvere cu irgul8 mobilé sau gira, Sfatul specialistului & _ Intrebare: PHP include numeroase instructiuni condigionale, incluzind instruciunite 4, ete, seit gi suite, Exit gi alte smecanisme de luare a decizilor? RAspuns: Da. Openions conditional ?:, denumit uneori operator ternar sat operator intrebaze-dou puncte, constituie 0 alti modaltate de a scxie deci in PHP. Operatorul conditional formeaz4 o expredie care se poate Folosi in multe contexte PHP. Tati sintaxa de utilizaze a acest: expreste-conditionala 7 valoare-agevarat : valoare-fais oe Observasi cum semnul intrebsii este separat de catacterul douit puncte prin vvaloatea veloere-adevarat. Operatorul conditional isi evaluenzi expresia conditio- nali, Dac expresia este evaluati Ja valoarea true (adevirat), operatonul conditio- ‘nal retumeazi valoarea valoere-adevarat; in caz contra, returnenzi valoarea valoare-fais, Operatorul conditional vi permite si specifica decizile intr-o manieri foarte concisi. De exemple, si luim in considerare urmitoarea instrucgiune de attibuire, care foloseste un operator conditional: Ses (Sb > 80) 7122 Aceasti instructiune de"atribuie compari valosilevatiabilelor 8 gi $e, Dacd valoarea variabile so este mai mare decit aceea a vasiabilei se, atunci vasiabilel $a fi este auibuitd valoaree {; in caz Contras, vaiabile respective fi este atribuith vvalontea 2 Test .la minut” «Screg o instrctane anton care teste valatea variable sexpnent Insmictunes aebuie s aibui variable sractor ovaloate dupa cum semeazi: dick sexponet este 1, stacterprimescevaloarea 10; dack Sexpnent este 2, factor primestevaloren 100, alte, factor primese valoarea 0 * fn programae, se secomands ca ficcare instrcyune cases ie asocats Scrierea instructiunilor for Tnséructiunea tor este o inscrucgiune bueli sau o instrucyiune iterativa; ew alte ccavinte, 0 instracgiune care executh in snod epetat instructiuaile asociate, lath ua cexemplu de uclizare a unel insteuctiual ter Rispunsod bates © 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focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/671516025/Margot-Lee-Shetterly" target="_blank">Margot Lee Shetterly</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (895)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/356032151/Sing-Unburied-Sing-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/356032151/149x198/db7a11388a/1701276710?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/356032151/298x396/a573e37dfc/1701276710?v=1 2x" alt="Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683990000/Jesmyn-Ward" target="_blank">Jesmyn Ward</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1103)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/308030757/Grit-The-Power-of-Passion-and-Perseverance" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/308030757/149x198/2af38cbda9/1711559584?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/308030757/298x396/4187c55138/1711559584?v=1 2x" alt="Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814892/Angela-Duckworth" target="_blank">Angela Duckworth</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (588)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/309859835/Shoe-Dog-A-Memoir-by-the-Creator-of-Nike" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/309859835/149x198/394d1573f0/1702331104?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/309859835/298x396/d1289f88b9/1702331104?v=1 2x" alt="Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814899/Phil-Knight" target="_blank">Phil Knight</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (537)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224266633/The-Perks-of-Being-a-Wallflower" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224266633/149x198/196f9b9902/1715062810?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224266633/298x396/c65dbae83f/1715062810?v=1 2x" alt="The Perks of Being a Wallflower" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683815248/Stephen-Chbosky" target="_blank">Stephen Chbosky</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (2104)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/211302755/The-Hard-Thing-About-Hard-Things-Building-a-Business-When-There-Are-No-Easy-Answers" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/211302755/149x198/e130bab094/1714914333?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/211302755/298x396/19f10ceb3f/1714914333?v=1 2x" alt="The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684983410/Ben-Horowitz" target="_blank">Ben Horowitz</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (345)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/263504218/Elon-Musk-Tesla-SpaceX-and-the-Quest-for-a-Fantastic-Future" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/263504218/149x198/5791495c90/1714915293?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/263504218/298x396/ca05b40921/1714915293?v=1 2x" alt="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/655656594/Ashlee-Vance" target="_blank">Ashlee Vance</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (474)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/234028503/Bad-Feminist-Essays" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Bad Feminist: Essays</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/234028503/149x198/600d1fe3f9/1714669552?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/234028503/298x396/1455400f40/1714669552?v=1 2x" alt="Bad Feminist: Essays" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Bad Feminist: Essays</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/694002562/Roxane-Gay" target="_blank">Roxane Gay</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1016)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/393393789/Her-Body-and-Other-Parties-Stories" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Her Body and Other Parties: Stories</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/393393789/149x198/027888fb3f/1712200786?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/393393789/298x396/688f039a8b/1712200786?v=1 2x" alt="Her Body and Other Parties: Stories" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Her Body and Other Parties: Stories</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/626038376/Carmen-Maria-Machado" target="_blank">Carmen Maria Machado</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (821)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/378045783/The-Outsider-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Outsider: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/378045783/149x198/52e7b7d6d0/1713793387?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/378045783/298x396/c4d2b45a8f/1713793387?v=1 2x" alt="The Outsider: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Outsider: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/572764971/Stephen-King" target="_blank">Stephen King</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1839)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224369806/The-Emperor-of-All-Maladies-A-Biography-of-Cancer" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224369806/149x198/d2fc5923b8/1703514618?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224369806/298x396/a026add765/1703514618?v=1 2x" alt="The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684982830/Siddhartha-Mukherjee" target="_blank">Siddhartha Mukherjee</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (271)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/337536061/The-Sympathizer-A-Novel-Pulitzer-Prize-for-Fiction" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/337536061/149x198/e0fabe3d5f/1714855604?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/337536061/298x396/9e5f6dd316/1714855604?v=1 2x" alt="The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/688625676/Viet-Thanh-Nguyen" target="_blank">Viet Thanh Nguyen</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (121)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224426877/Angela-s-Ashes-A-Memoir" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Angela's Ashes: A Memoir</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224426877/149x198/67b53f7428/1690204970?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224426877/298x396/61c4862b68/1690204970?v=1 2x" alt="Angela's Ashes: A Memoir" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Angela's Ashes: A Memoir</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684979558/Frank-McCourt" target="_blank">Frank McCourt</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (440)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224252178/Brooklyn-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Brooklyn: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224252178/149x198/77a859fdd8/1711978335?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224252178/298x396/dfbec9e04b/1711978335?v=1 2x" alt="Brooklyn: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Brooklyn: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684985070/Colm-Toibin" target="_blank">Colm Tóibín</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (1937)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/335537398/The-Little-Book-of-Hygge-Danish-Secrets-to-Happy-Living" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/335537398/149x198/c261b5b62a/1715425432?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/335537398/298x396/4b549960d0/1715425432?v=1 2x" alt="The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/656546239/Meik-Wiking" target="_blank">Meik Wiking</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (400)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/182553141/The-World-Is-Flat-3-0-A-Brief-History-of-the-Twenty-first-Century" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182553141/149x198/9d8b4953ee/1714629096?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182553141/298x396/89521cc859/1714629096?v=1 2x" alt="The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/687127844/Thomas-L-Friedman" target="_blank">Thomas L. Friedman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (2259)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/235411767/A-Man-Called-Ove-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Man Called Ove: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/235411767/149x198/ce356815f8/1705040754?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/235411767/298x396/a289a2fc2a/1705040754?v=1 2x" alt="A Man Called Ove: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Man Called Ove: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814850/Fredrik-Backman" target="_blank">Fredrik Backman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (4610)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163579056/The-Art-of-Racing-in-the-Rain-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163579056/149x198/e3ae8b9345/1715424916?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163579056/298x396/c599e1583f/1715424916?v=1 2x" alt="The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/696787006/Garth-Stein" target="_blank">Garth Stein</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (4200)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163657166/A-Tree-Grows-in-Brooklyn" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163657166/149x198/bf3b773b78/1715425543?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163657166/298x396/9446ea1bc2/1715425543?v=1 2x" alt="A Tree Grows in Brooklyn" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/709859210/Betty-Smith" target="_blank">Betty Smith</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (1929)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/419930541/The-Yellow-House-A-Memoir-2019-National-Book-Award-Winner" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/419930541/149x198/941121db9b/1702813542?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/419930541/298x396/327f81adb3/1702813542?v=1 2x" alt="The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/469606521/Sarah-M-Broom" target="_blank">Sarah M. Broom</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (98)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224326250/Steve-Jobs" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Steve Jobs</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224326250/149x198/f1e7bf86b3/1701281268?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224326250/298x396/67d6eee06a/1701281268?v=1 2x" alt="Steve Jobs" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Steve Jobs</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814325/Walter-Isaacson" target="_blank">Walter Isaacson</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (806)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163646054/Devil-in-the-Grove-Thurgood-Marshall-the-Groveland-Boys-and-the-Dawn-of-a-New-America" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163646054/149x198/73d89ab0b4/1714828490?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163646054/298x396/92feb6c9c7/1714828490?v=1 2x" alt="Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/655065772/Gilbert-King" target="_blank">Gilbert King</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (266)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/244157917/Yes-Please" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Yes Please</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/244157917/149x198/ce51d31665/1715427923?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/244157917/298x396/d0cbd421a3/1715427923?v=1 2x" alt="Yes Please" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Yes Please</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/655441200/Amy-Poehler" target="_blank">Amy Poehler</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1891)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/316391232/The-Woman-in-Cabin-10" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Woman in Cabin 10</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/316391232/149x198/50fd0ecce1/1706281184?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/316391232/298x396/f55471760a/1706281184?v=1 2x" alt="The Woman in Cabin 10" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Woman in Cabin 10</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814867/Ruth-Ware" target="_blank">Ruth Ware</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (2322)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/225916486/A-Heartbreaking-Work-Of-Staggering-Genius-A-Memoir-Based-on-a-True-Story" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/225916486/149x198/ceefd53ff2/1710801410?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/225916486/298x396/3fda0d41f4/1710801410?v=1 2x" alt="A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684985077/Dave-Eggers" target="_blank">Dave Eggers</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (231)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224410295/Team-of-Rivals-The-Political-Genius-of-Abraham-Lincoln" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224410295/149x198/5f74dd59cd/1710166491?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224410295/298x396/58644b8626/1710166491?v=1 2x" alt="Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814521/Doris-Kearns-Goodwin" target="_blank">Doris Kearns Goodwin</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (234)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/387826985/Fear-Trump-in-the-White-House" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Fear: Trump in the White House</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/387826985/149x198/51575e1763/1702508736?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/387826985/298x396/3d168969ec/1702508736?v=1 2x" alt="Fear: Trump in the White House" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Fear: Trump in the White House</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683815807/Bob-Woodward" target="_blank">Bob Woodward</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (738)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/182560283/Wolf-Hall-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Wolf Hall: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182560283/149x198/0601b1931c/1701145155?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182560283/298x396/f6a21d4103/1701145155?v=1 2x" alt="Wolf Hall: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Wolf Hall: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684981840/Hilary-Mantel" target="_blank">Hilary Mantel</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (3811)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224419023/John-Adams" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">John Adams</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224419023/149x198/7e946216e0/1695045625?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224419023/298x396/08758c4819/1695045625?v=1 2x" alt="John Adams" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">John Adams</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/683814315/David-McCullough" target="_blank">David McCullough</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (2409)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/423387462/On-Fire-The-Burning-Case-for-a-Green-New-Deal" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/423387462/149x198/8447b35521/1715002460?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/423387462/298x396/a2fe7cb5cf/1715002460?v=1 2x" alt="On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/684364153/Naomi-Klein" target="_blank">Naomi Klein</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (74)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224306619/The-Light-Between-Oceans-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Light Between Oceans: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224306619/149x198/5a300f585d/1710925558?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224306619/298x396/21c3e990fc/1710925558?v=1 2x" alt="The Light Between Oceans: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Light Between Oceans: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/685040006/M-L-Stedman" target="_blank">M.L. Stedman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (789)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/212863738/The-Unwinding-An-Inner-History-of-the-New-America" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/212863738/149x198/486257e90d/1714630079?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/212863738/298x396/40684a0550/1714630079?v=1 2x" alt="The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/681650763/George-Packer" target="_blank">George Packer</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (45)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/359457348/Manhattan-Beach-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Manhattan Beach: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/359457348/149x198/a54d82062c/1666150267?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/359457348/298x396/ace0ab76b6/1666150267?v=1 2x" alt="Manhattan Beach: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Manhattan Beach: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/442472030/Jennifer-Egan" target="_blank">Jennifer Egan</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (792)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224420008/The-Constant-Gardener-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Constant Gardener: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224420008/149x198/7a7e91eff2/1685971848?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224420008/298x396/7fdc43e330/1685971848?v=1 2x" alt="The Constant Gardener: A Novel" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Constant Gardener: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/685258256/John-le-Carre" target="_blank">John le Carré</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (104)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/239588474/Rise-of-ISIS-A-Threat-We-Can-t-Ignore" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/239588474/149x198/8a4150948e/1707940557?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/239588474/298x396/644cc7285e/1707940557?v=1 2x" alt="Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/690084409/Jay-Sekulow" target="_blank">Jay Sekulow</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 3.5 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (137)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224756706/Little-Women" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Little Women</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224756706/149x198/d1bb56ef3a/1700647976?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224756706/298x396/b22c169fe6/1700647976?v=1 2x" alt="Little Women" aria-label="livre" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->D'Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Little Women</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://fr.everand.com/author/708507917/Louisa-May-Alcott" target="_blank">Louisa May Alcott</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (104)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></div></section></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper_soqyu- GridColumn-module_hide_below_xl4_bYNFRN GridColumn-module_extended_xl5_1_497ANP GridColumn-module_extended_xl4_1_aVCUXY GridColumn-module_extended_xl3_1_OyhfPD GridColumn-module_extended_xl2_1_zU58Qn GridColumn-module_extended_xl_1_w5JR10 GridColumn-module_extended_l_1_SLXmKl 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