PROJECT ON

VERTICAL AXIS WIND MILL

ABSTRACT
We know that there is enough wind globally to satisfy much, or even most, of humanity's
energy requirements – if it could be harvested effectively and on a large scale. If the
efficiency of a wind turbine is increased, then more power can be generated thus decreasing
the need for expensive power generators that cause pollution. Vertical axis wind turbines
(VAWTs), which may be as efficient as current horizontal axis systems, might be practical,
simpler and significantly cheaper to build maintain than horizontal axis wind turbines
(HAWTs). wind turbine also have other inherent advantages, such as they are always facing
the wind, which might make them a significant player in our quest for cheaper, cleaner
renewable sources of electricity. VAWTs might even critical in mitigating grid interconnect
stability and reliability issue currently facing electricity producers and suppliers.
Additionally, cheap VAWT’s may provide an alternative to the rain forest destruction for the
growing of bio-fuel crops. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are a type of wind turbine
where the main rotor shaft is set vertically. Among the advantages of this arrangement are
that generators and gearboxes can be placed close to the ground, and that VAWTs do not
need to be pointed into the wind.

INTRODUCTION
If the efficiency of a wind turbine is increased, then more power can be generated thus
decreasing the need for expensive power generators that cause pollution. This would also
reduce the cost of power for the common people. The wind is literally there for the taking and
doesn't cost any money. Power can be generated and stored by a wind turbine with little or no
pollution. If the efficiency of the common wind turbine is improved and widespread, the
common people can cut back on their power costs immensely. Ever since the Seventh
Century people have been utilizing the wind to make their lives easier. The whole concept of
windmills originated in Persia. The Persians originally used the wind to irrigate farm land,
crush grain and milling. This is probably where the term windmill came from. Since the
widespread use of windmills in Europe, during the Twelfth Century, some areas such as the
Netherlands have prospered from creating vast wind farms. Something to take into
consideration about a tower is that it must support the weight of the windmill along with the
weight of the tower. The first windmills, however, were not very reliable or energy efficient.
Only half the sail rotation was utilized. They were usually slow and had a low tip speed ratio
but were useful for torque. Since its creation, man has constantly tried to improve the
windmill. As a result, over the years, the number of blades on windmills has decreased. Most
modern windmills have 5-6 blades while past windmills have had 4~8 blades. Past windmill
also had to be manually directed into the wind, while modern windmills can be automatically
turned into the wind..
PRINCIPLE OPERATION :-
3D view :-

2D view :-

Aerodynamically, it is a drag-type device, consisting of four scoops. Looking down on the

rotor from above, a four-scoop machine would look like an "C" shape in cross section.
Because of the curvature, the scoops experience less drag when moving against the wind than
when moving with the wind. The differential drag causes the turbine to spin.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VAWT :
1)Wind Speed :- This is very important to the productivity of a windmill. The wind turbine
only generates power with the wind. The wind rotates the axis (horizontal or vertical) and
causes the shaft on the generator to sweep past the magnetic coils creating an electric current.
2) Blade Length :-This is important because the length of the blade is directly proportional to
the swept area. Larger blades have a greater swept area and thus catch more wind with each
revolution. Because of this, they may also have more torque.
3)Base Height :- The height of the base affects the windmill immensely. The higher a
windmill is, the more productive it will be due to the fact that as the altitude increases so does
the winds speed.
4) Base Design :- Some base is stronger than others. Base is important in the construction of
the windmill because not only do they have to support the windmill, but they must also be
subject to their own weight and the drag of the wind. If a weak tower is subject to these
elements, then it will surely collapse. Therefore, the base must be identical so as to insure a
fair comparison.

FLOW CHART :-

WIND MILL

DYNAMO

BATTERY

INVERTER OUTPUT
OBJECTIVES :-
The objective of this project is to design and build a self-staring vertical axis wind turbine
that is capable of producing power in real world situations. The design of the turbine will
include exploration of various self-starting options, as well as construction of both model
and full-scale turbines. The full-scale turbine will be designed such that it can be
connected to a generator and a torque transducer to measure the output power, torque and
rotational speed of the turbine. Application of all the basic knowledge we knew about the
wind turbine and convert it to electrical energy. To conserve all the renewable source of wind
energy by using VERTICAL AXIS WIND MILL.

BILL OF MATERIAL :-
Sl. No MATERIAL QTY RATE AMOUNT

1 24’ Inch bicycle rim 2 350 700

2 Battery (24V) 1 2000 2000

3 Dynamo (24V) 1 1500 1500

4 1’ inch Hollow steel pipe 10 mtr 150/mtr 1500

5 Clamps L shape 16 10/piece 160

6 Rope (10mm) 2 mtr 30 30

7 Electric wire 30 mtr 500 500

8 LED Bulb (12 watt) 2 150 300

9 Screw (5mm) 30 30 30

10 Voltmeter 1 300 300

11 PVC pipe (8inch) 8 mtr 200/mtr 1600

12 Iron angle (1inch) 10 mtr 1000

13 Fabrication 500

Total = 10120
SPECIFICATION OF THE PARTS

1) Battery  Exide 12 volt (22Amp)

Lead Acid Battery
It requires 12 to 16 hours to get charged.

2) Dynamo 12 volt
It generate power at 200rpm.

3) Wheel (Cycle rim)  Diameter 600mm

4) Blades  Wind speed at this region varies from 8 to 15km/h (4.2 m/s)
Aerodynamically as the number of blades increases there’s no loss of
wind energy. The wind which strikes the tip of the blade is most important, the blades
angle and shape of the blade is major in which the maximum utilization of wind to
produce the electric energy. The light material which is preferable to withstand the
wind is to be choose. Plastic pipe or aluminium. The standard blade angle is to be
structured from 20’ to 30’ degree. 5 to 7 blades are efficient to choose.

5) Step up gear  It is mainly used to increase the dynamo rotor speed (RPM) by using
respective gears.

6) Inverter  Its regulates and converts the Direct current(DC) to Alternating

current(AC). From 12v to 220v by using 300watt inverter.