#Difference_Between_Morphology_and_Syntax

#Difference_Between_Morphology_and_Syntax
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Linguistics is the study of language and its structure. Morphology and syntax are two major
subdisciplines in the eld of linguistics. Other subdisciplines of linguistics include phonetics,
phonology, semantics, and pragmatics. Syntax is the study of the formation of sentences and
morphology is the study of the formation of words. The nal aim of both these elds is to
study how meaning is produced in language. The main difference between morphology and
syntax is that morphology studies how words are formed whereas syntax studies how
sentences are formed. In this article, we’ll look at these elds in more detail.

This article covers,

1. What is Morphology
2. Types of Morphemes
2. What is Syntax
3. Difference Between Morphology and Syntax

ˉ What is Morphology
ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ
Morphology is another important subdiscipline of linguistics. Morphology studies the
structure of words. It speci cally examines how words are formed by putting together
morphemes. A morpheme is the smallest grammatical and meaningful unit of a language.
Different languages have different morphemes and different rules about the formation of
words.

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ˉ Types of Morphemes

Morphemes can be divided into two basic categories called free morphemes and bound
morphemes. A free morpheme is a meaningful unit that can stand alone as a word. In other
words, it is a word made up of only one morpheme. For example;

mat, trust, slow, cat, old, fast, bring, man

A bound morpheme is a morpheme that cannot stand alone; it is always bound to another
morpheme.  Thus, a bound morpheme has no meaning on its own. For example;

slowly, talked, unthankful, blackish

Bound morphemes attached to the front of a word are called pre xes (distaste, untrue, etc.)
and bound morphemes attached to the back of a word are called suf xes (valuable, sexual,
etc.).

Bound Morphemes can be divided further into two categories called derivational and
in ectional morphemes. Derivational morphemes are morphemes that are added to the base
form of a word to create a new word.

ˉ Example 1:

Able ⇒ Ability
(adjective)  → (noun)

Send ⇒ Sender

(verb)→ (noun)

ˉ Example 2:

Use⇒ Misuse
Stable ⇒ Unstable

(Meaning is totally changed.)

As seen from these examples, adding a derivational morpheme will change either the meaning
or the class of the word.

In ectional morphemes are a type of bound morphemes that do not cause a change in the
meaning or word class: they serve as grammatical markers and indicate some grammatical
information about a word.

Laughed –Past Tense

cats  – Plural

Swimming – Progressive
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ˉ What is Syntax?
Syntax is a discipline of linguistics that studies the structure of sentence. Syntax is the study
of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in any language. It
pays attention to components such as word order, agreement, and the hierarchical structure
of language. The meaning of any sentence in any language depends on the syntax.

For example, the sentences in the English language often formed by following a subject with a
verb and the direct object. It is the positions of these words that convey the subject-object
relationship. Look at the following sentences.

The cat ate the mouse.

The mouse ate the cat.

These two sentences convey two different meanings although they contain the exact same
words. It is the word order of the sentences that affect the meaning of these two sentences.
The parts of a language are divided into different syntactic categories. Most sentences can be
divided into two sections called subject and predicate. These two parts are also made of
different words. Syntactical classes of words are known as parts of speech.
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ˉ #Difference_Between_Morphology_and_Syntax

ˉ #De nition

ˉ Morphology: Morphology studies the structure of words.

ˉ Syntax: Syntax studies the structure of sentences.

ˉ Smallest Unit
Morphology: Morphemes are the smallest units in morphology.

ˉ Syntax: Words are the smallest unit in syntax.

ˉ Content
ˉ Morphology: Morphology studies how words are formed.

ˉ Syntax: Syntax  studies the word order and agreement.

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