1.

0 SUMMARY:
2.0 OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the effect of varying total filtering area to the separation efficiency.
2. To study the efficiency of the pulse jet bag filter in removing particulate matter.
3. To compare the weight calculated between 4 filtering bags and 2 filtering bags.
4. To determine the efficiency of filtering between 4 filtering bags and 2 filtering bags.
5. To understand the important of dust pollution control by using fabric filters.
6. To familiarize with jet bag equipment in the laboratory.
3.0 INTRODUCTION & THEORY:

A baghouse (BH, B/H), bag filter (BF) or fabric filter (FF) is an air pollution control device
that removes particulates out of air or gas released from commercial processes or combustion
for electricity generation. These baghouses are often used to control emission of air pollutants
usually by power plants, pharmaceutical producers, food manufacturers, steel mills, chemical
producers and other industrial companies. In the late 1970s, the use of baghouses became
widespread thanks to the invention of high-temperature fabrics which are used in the filter
media and are capable of withstanding temperatures over 350 °F (Zhang, 2017).

Figure 1. Types of Baghouse Configurations

In pulse-jet baghouses, individual bags are supported by a metal cage (filter cage),
which is fastened onto a cell plate at the top of the baghouse. Dirty gas enters from the bottom
of the baghouse and flows from outside to inside the bags. The metal cage prevents collapse of
the bag. Bags are cleaned by a short burst of compressed air injected through a common
manifold over a row of bags. The compressed air is accelerated by a venture nozzle mounted
at the reverse-jet baghouse top of the bag. Since the duration of the compressed-air burst is
short (0.1s), it acts as a rapidly moving air bubble, traveling through the entire length of the
bag and causing the bag surfaces to flex. This flexing of the bags breaks the dust cake, and the
dislodged dust falls into a storage hopper below. Reverse-pulse-jet dust collectors can be
operated continuously and cleaned without interruption of flow because the burst of
compressed air is very small compared with the total volume of dusty air through the collector.
Because of this continuous-cleaning feature, reverse jet dust collectors are usually not
compartmentalized (Findanis & Southam, 2012).

The bag house is divided into two sections: top and bottom sections. The top section is
made of mild steel and connected to the compressed air tank that is part of the pulsed-jet
cleaning mechanism. The bottom section is made of durable clear polycarbonate with dust
collector in the form of removable drawer. Student can view through this bottom section the
filtering and cleaning activities of the bag filter system. The cleaning mechanism consists of a
compressed air tank, a solenoid valve with remote selectable timer and a portable air
compressor. Four units of polyester fabric filters are installed in a row inside the bottom section
of the baghouse (Findanis & Southam, 2012).

Woven filters have a definite repeated pattern. Low energy cleaning methods such as
shaking or reverse air allow for woven filters. Various weaving patterns such as plain weave,
twill weave, or sateen weave, increase or decrease the amount of space between individual
fibers. The size of the space affects the strength and permeability of the fabric. A tighter weave
corresponds with low permeability and, therefore, more efficient capture of fine particles
(Findanis & Southam, 2012).

This cleaning system works with the help of digital sequential timer attached to the
fabric filter. This timer indicates the solenoid valve to inject the air to the blow pipe. The short
cleaning cycle of reverse-jet collectors reduces recirculation and redeposit of dust. These
collectors provide more complete cleaning and reconditioning of bags than shaker or reverse-
air cleaning methods. Also, the continuous-cleaning feature allows them to operate at higher
air-to-cloth ratios, so the space requirements are lower (Zhang, 2017).
4.0 DATA & RESULT:

Number Weight Weight Efficiency

of Bag Loaded Calculated (%)
(g) (g)
2 200 153 76.5
4 200 167 83.5

Efficiency

Filtering bags 2

Weight Calculated (g) 153𝑔

𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦(%) = 𝑋 100 = 𝑋 100 = 76.5
Weight Loaded (g) 200𝑔

Filtering bags 4

Weight Calculated (g) 167𝑔

𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦(%) = 𝑋 100 = 𝑋 100 = 83.5
Weight Loaded (g) 200𝑔

Efficiency (%) VS Number of Bag

86
83.5
84

82
Efficiency(%)

80

78 76.5
76

74

72
2 4
Number of Bag
5.0 ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION:

The objectives of this experiment are to know the operating system of the pulse jet bag
system, to study the effect different number of filtering bag, and to determine the efficiency of
the filtering bag in removing particulate matter in air. Finally, to study the efficiency of the
filtering bag.

This experiment is using pulse jet bag system in removing the particulate matter. The
removing of particulate matter is done by placing in the pulse jet bag system with different
number of filtering bag which are two filtering bags and four filtering bags. The feed used in
this pulse jet bag system is kaolin powder.

Pulse jet bag filters or pulse jet filters are also commonly called pulse jet baghouses
(Shah, 2017). In a pulse jet filter, the bags are cleaned by introducing a high-pressure pulse of
compressed air at the top of each bag. The mechanism is the kaolin powder will enter into the
system. Then, the kaolin will trap in the filtering bag while other kaolin that is not trap will be
collected in the dust collector container.

The kaolin powder used in the feed is 200g. The result obtain is for the weight of kaolin
powder collected for two and four filtering bags are 153g and 167g respectively. The kaolin
powder lost from two filtering bag is 47g and from four filtering bag is 33g. Then, the efficiency
of the pulse jet bags for two filtering bags and four filtering bags are calculated. The efficiency
for two filtering bags is 76.5% and for four filtering bags is 83.5%.

Based on the calculation, pulse jet bag system with four filtering bags is more efficient
compare to two filtering bags. Pulse jet bag system with four filtering bags is more efficient
because the quantity of kaolin powder trap in is more. The more the number of filtering bags,
the higher the amount of dust trap due to the total filtering area bags is more to trap the dust.
The dust that will be collected in the dust collector will be decrease.
6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:
7.0 REFERANCES:

Findanis, N., & Southam, M. (2012). Control and management of particulate emissions. Procedia
Engineering, 4, 228-238.
Zhang, M. (2017, November 22). Baghouse Filter Bag. Retrieved from Linkedin:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-industrial-dust-collector-baghouse-filter-bag-mellisa-
zhang
Shah, K. P. (2017, January). Working, Design Considerations and Maintenance of Bag Type Fabric
filters. Retrieved from Practical Maintenance: http://practicalmaintenance.net
8.0 APPENDICES:

Calculation of Efficiency:

Filtering bags 2

Weight Calculated (g) 153𝑔

𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦(%) = 𝑋 100 = 𝑋 100 = 76.5
Weight Loaded (g) 200𝑔

Filtering bags 4

Weight Calculated (g) 167𝑔

𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦(%) = 𝑋 100 = 𝑋 100 = 83.5
Weight Loaded (g) 200𝑔