Performance Analysis of Three Phase

Half Controlled Full Wave Rectifier on

R and RL Load

PRESENTED BY:
DEEKSHA CHAUDHARY(1502921061)
SAHIL AGARWAL (1502932048)
 OBJECTIVE

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
THREE PHASE HALF
CONTROLLED FULL WAVE
RECTIFIER ON R & RL LOAD
 ABSTRACT
Three phase fully controlled converters are very popular
in many industrial applications particularly in situations
where power regeneration from the dc side is essential.
It can handle reasonably high power and has acceptable
input and output harmonic distortion. The configuration
also lends itself to easy series and parallel connection
for increasing voltage and current rating or
improvement in harmonic behavior. However, this
versatility of a three phase fully controlled converters
are obtained at the cost of increased circuit complexity
due to the use of six thyristors and their associated
control circuit. This complexity can be considerably
reduced in applications where power regeneration is not
necessary. In that case three thyristors of the top group
or the bottom group of a three phase fully controlled
converter can be replaced by three diodes. The resulting
converter is called a three phase half controlled
converter. Replacing three thyristors by three diodes
reduces circuit complexity but at the same time prevents
negative voltage appearing at the output at any time.
Therefore the converter cannot operate in the inverting
mode.
 INTRODUCTION
The three phase half controlled converter has several
other advantages over a three phase fully controlled
converter. For the same firing angle it has lower input
side displacement factor compared to a fully controlled
converter. It also extends the range of continuous
conduction of the converter. It has one serious
disadvantage however. The output voltage is periodic
over one third of the input cycle rather than one sixth as
is the case with fully controlled converters. This implies
both input and output harmonics are of lower frequency
and require heavier filtering. For this reason half
controlled three phase converters are not as popular as
their fully controlled counterpart.
Although, from the point of view of construction and
circuit complexity the half controlled converter is
simpler compared to the fully controlled converter, its
analysis is considerably more difficult. In this lesson the
operating principle and analysis of a three phase half
controlled converter operating in the continuous
conduction mode will be presented.
 THEORY
The three phase half controlled converter has several
other advantages over a three phase fully controlled
converter. For the same firing angle it has lower input
side displacement factor compared to a fully controlled
converter. It also extends the range of continuous
conduction of the converter. It has one serious
disadvantage however. The output voltage is periodic
over one third of the input cycle rather than one sixth as
is the case with fully controlled converters. This implies
both input and output harmonics are of lower frequency
and require heavier filtering. For this reason half
controlled three phase converters are not as popular as
their fully controlled counterpart.
Although, from the point of view of construction and
circuit complexity the half controlled converter is
simpler compared to the fully controlled converter, its
analysis is considerably more difficult. In this lesson the
operating principle and analysis of a three phase half
controlled converter operating in the continuous
conduction mode will be presented.
 WORKING
AND
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
vcb is the load voltage from ωt=0º to 60º. As the first
subscript indicates conducting element in the positive
group, vcb shows that T3 is already conducting through
diode D2 of negative group. Voltages vab, vac indicates
that , according to the first subscript T1 conducts for
120º and it begins to conduct at ωt = 60º for α =0º.
Similarly ,vbc , vba indicate that T2 conducts for 120º
and it begins to conduct at ωt = 180º for α=0º. An SCR
with zero degree firing angle behaves like a simple
diode thus, firing angle should be measured from ωt =
60º for T1, from ωt=180º for T2 , from ωt=300º for T3
and so on.
For α=60º ,the thyristors are fired so that current returns
through one diode during each 120º conduction period.
For voltage vac, T1 and D3 conducts simultaneously for
120º .Similarly, other elements conduct. FD does not
comes into play even for α=60º. Also , the voltage
pulses vab , vbc,vca do not appear in the output voltage
waveform for α=60º. It will be seen that for α>=60º ,
the voltage pulses vab , vbc,vca are eliminated. The load
current , assumed continuous for α=60º.
For firing angle delay of 90º , the output voltage is
discontinuous. As v0 is made up of vcb , vac , vba , vcb
....tends to be negative at ωt=120º ,240º,360º, FD gets
forward biased. Therefore for each periodic cycle of
120º ,output voltage is equal to the line voltage for only
90º and for the remaining 30º , when FD conducts v0
=0. For α=90º,conduction angles of SCRs and diodes is
seen to be less than 120º for every output pulse. In other
words , the conduction angle for both positive and
negative group elements is 90º and for the remaining
30º , current completes its path through FD for α=90º.
Voltage pulses vab , vbc,vca are absent from output
voltage v0 for this firing angle as well. Without FD V,
after load voltage reaches zero , a diode from the
negative group would begin to conduct reducing v0 to
zero till next SCR in sequence is triggered , for
example, at ωt=120º , v0 = vcb =0 and without FD , D3
from negative group would start conducting through T3
from ωt = 120º to 150º when SCR T1 is gated at α=90º.
This means that without FD,T3 would conduct for 120º
from ωt=30º to 150º , D2 for 90º from ωt=30º to 120º
and D3 for 30º from ωt=120º to 150º for this periodic
cycle of 120º extending from ωt=30º to 150º and for
α=90º.
For firing angle delay of 120º , the load current is now
assumed discontinuous. For each periodic cycle of 120º
v0 is seen to have three components. When an SCR is
gated , thyristor and diode conducts for 60º only. As v0
reaches zero and tends to become negative , FD gets
forward biased and therefore starts conducting for some
angle and holds the load voltage to zero. When all the
energy stored in the inductor is discharged , FD stops
conducting and as a result , load voltage rises to load
counter emf E. When v0 =E , none of the elements of
the semiconverter bridge is conducting.
So in a 3 ϕ semiconverter , SCRs are gated at an
interval of 120º in a proper sequence , while in a 1 ϕ
semiconverter , SCRs are fired at an interval of 180º. In
order to obtain full control of the DC output voltage ,
the range of firing angle is from 0º to 180º.
A 3 ϕ semiconverter has unique feature of working as a
6 pulse converter for α<60º and as a 3 pulse converter
for α>=60º.
For a 3 ϕ semiconverter , each periodic cycle of output
voltage has a periodicity of 120º. Average output
voltage should , therefore be calculated over 120º only.