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Civil engineering
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Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline
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that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance
Interaction of the physical and naturally built environment, including
Help works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage
About Wikipedia systems, pipelines, and railways.[1][2] Civil engineering is
Community portal traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is
Recent changes the second-oldest engineering discipline after military
Contact page
engineering,[3] and it is defined to distinguish non-military
Tools engineering from military engineering.[4] Civil engineering
What links here takes place in the public sector from municipal through to
Related changes national governments, and in the private sector from
Upload file individual homeowners through to international companies.
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Permanent link Contents
Page information 1 History of the civil engineering profession
Wikidata item 1.1 History of civil engineering education
Cite this page
2 History of civil engineering
Print/export 3 The civil engineer
3.1 Education and licensure
Create a book The Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest
4 Sub-disciplines skyscraper, 828 metres (2,717 ft) tall
Download as PDF
Printable version
4.1 Coastal engineering
4.2 Construction engineering
In other projects 4.3 Earthquake engineering
Wikimedia Commons 4.4 Environmental engineering
Wikibooks 4.5 Forensic engineering
Wikiquote 4.6 Geotechnical engineering
4.7 Materials science and engineering
Languages
4.8 Outside plant engineering
Afrikaans
4.9 Structural engineering
Alemannisch
4.10 Surveying
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ 4.11 Transportation engineering
Asturianu 4.12 Municipal or urban engineering A multi-level stack interchange, buildings,
4.13 Water resources engineering houses, and park in Shanghai, China.
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú 5 Civil engineering associations
Български 6 See also
Bosanski 7 References
Català
8 Further reading
Čeština
9 External links
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Eesti
Español
History of the civil engineering
Esperanto profession [edit]
Euskara
See also: History of structural engineering
‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬
Français Engineering has been an aspect of life since the
Frysk beginnings of human existence. The earliest practice
Gaeilge
of civil engineering may have commenced between
Galego
4000 and 2000 BC in ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley
ગુજરાતી
한국어
Civilization, and Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) when
हद humans started to abandon a nomadic existence,
Philadelphia City Hall in the US is still the
Hrvatski creating a need for the construction of shelter. During world's tallest masonry load-bearing
Bahasa Indonesia this time, transportation became increasingly structure.
Interlingua
important leading to the development of the wheel and
Íslenska
sailing.
Italiano
‫עברית‬ Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil
Basa Jawa engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect
ಕನಡ
were mainly geographical variations referring to the same
Kurdî
occupation, and often used interchangeably.[5] The construction of
pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700–2500 BC) were some of the first
Latina
Latviešu instances of large structure constructions. Other ancient historic
മലയാളം civil engineering constructions include the Qanat water
मराठ management system (the oldest is older than 3000 years and
Bahasa Melayu longer than 71 km,[6]) the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece
Монгол
(447–438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), Leonhard Euler developed
the Great Wall of China by General Meng T'ien under orders from the theory explaining the
Nederlands buckling of columns
Nederlands buckling of columns
नेपाल Ch'in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC)[7] and the stupas
日本語 constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the
Norsk extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout
‫ﭘ ﺘﻮ‬ their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbors, bridges, dams and roads.
Polski
Português In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to
Română incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military
Русский engineering.[4] The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was
Scots John Smeaton, who constructed the Eddystone
Shqip
Lighthouse.[3][7] In 1771 Smeaton and some of his colleagues
formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of
Simple English
Slovenčina leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner.
Slovenščina Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it
‫ﮐﻮردی‬ was little more than a social society.
Srpskohrvatski /
српскохрватски In 1818 the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in
Basa Sunda London,[8] and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford
Suomi became its first president. The institution received a Royal
John Smeaton, the "father of civil
Svenska Charter in 1828, formally recognising civil engineering as a
engineering"
Tagalog
profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as:
த
లుగు
ไทย the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience
Türkçe of man, as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and
Türkmençe internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals,
Українська river navigation and docks for internal intercourse and exchange, and in the
‫اردو‬
construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of
Vèneto
navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce, and in the construction
Tiếng Việt
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
and application of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns.[9]
粵語
中文
Edit links
History of civil engineering education [edit]
The first private college to teach civil engineering in the United States was Norwich University,
founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge.[10] The first degree in civil engineering in the United
States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835.[11][12] The first such degree to be
awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905.[13]
In the UK during the early 19th century, the division between civil engineering and military
engineering (served by the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich), coupled with the demands of the
Industrial Revolution, spawned new engineering education initiatives: the Royal Polytechnic
Institution was founded in 1838, the private College for Civil Engineers in Putney was established
in 1839, and the UK's first Chair of Engineering was established at the University of Glasgow in
1840.
History of civil engineering [edit]
Civil
Chichen Itza was a large pre-Columbian city in

Mexico built by the Maya people of the Post
Classic. The northeast column temple also
A Roman aqueduct [built circa 19 BC]
covers a channel that funnels all the rainwater
near Pont du Gard, France
from the complex some 40 metres (130 ft) away
to a rejollada, a former cenote.
engineering is the application of physical and
scientific principles for solving the problems of
society, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and
mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide-ranging profession, including
several specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials
science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields.
Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried
out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder.
Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures, roads and
infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental.[14]
One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems
applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including
Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions
such as Archimedes' screw. Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in the 7th
century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, for excavation (volume) computations.[15]
The civil engineer [edit]
Education and licensure [edit]

Main article: Civil engineer
Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree
Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree
in civil engineering. The length of study is three to five
years, and the completed degree is designated as a
bachelor of engineering, or a bachelor of science in
engineering. The curriculum generally includes
classes in physics, mathematics, project management,
design and specific topics in civil engineering. After
taking basic courses in most sub-disciplines of civil
engineering, they move onto specialize in one or more
sub-disciplines at advanced levels. While an
undergraduate degree (BEng/BSc) normally provides
Surveying students with professor at the
successful students with industry-accredited Helsinki University of Technology in the late
qualification, some academic institutions offer post- 19th century.
graduate degrees (MEng/MSc), which allow students

to further specialize in their particular area of interest.[16]
In most countries, a bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards
professional certification, and a professional body certifies the degree program. After completing a
certified degree program, the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements (including work
experience and exam requirements) before being certified. Once certified, the engineer is
designated as a professional engineer (in the United States, Canada and South Africa), a
chartered engineer (in most Commonwealth countries), a chartered professional engineer (in
Australia and New Zealand), or a European engineer (in most countries of the European Union).
There are international agreements between relevant professional bodies to allow engineers to
practice across national borders.
The benefits of certification vary depending upon location. For example, in the United States and
Canada, "only a licensed professional engineer may prepare, sign and seal, and submit
engineering plans and drawings to a public authority for approval, or seal engineering work for
public and private clients."[17] This requirement is enforced under provincial law such as the
Engineers Act in Quebec.[18]
No such legislation has been enacted in other countries including the United Kingdom. In Australia,
state licensing of engineers is limited to the state of Queensland. Almost all certifying bodies
maintain a code of ethics which all members must abide by.[19]
Engineers must obey contract law in their contractual relationships with other parties. In cases
where an engineer's work fails, he may be subject to the law of tort of negligence, and in extreme
cases, criminal charges.[20] An engineer's work must also comply with numerous other rules and
regulations such as building codes and environmental law.
Sub-disciplines [edit]
In general, civil engineering is concerned with

the overall interface of human created fixed
projects with the greater world. General civil
engineers work closely with surveyors and
specialized civil engineers to design grading,
drainage, pavement, water supply, sewer
service, dams, electric and communications
supply. General civil engineering is also
referred to as site engineering, a branch of
civil engineering that primarily focuses on
The Akashi Kaikyō Bridge in Japan, currently the
converting a tract of land from one usage to world's longest suspension span.
another. Site engineers spend time visiting
another. Site engineers spend time visiting
project sites, meeting with stakeholders, and
preparing construction plans. Civil engineers apply the principles of geotechnical engineering,
structural engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering and construction
engineering to residential, commercial, industrial and public works projects of all sizes and levels of
construction.
Coastal engineering [edit]

Main articles: Coastal engineering and Coastal management
Coastal engineering is concerned with managing

coastal areas. In some jurisdictions, the terms sea
defense and coastal protection mean defense against
flooding and erosion, respectively. The term coastal
defense is the more traditional term, but coastal
management has become more popular as the field
has expanded to techniques that allow erosion to
claim land.
Construction engineering [edit] Oosterscheldekering, a storm surge

Main article: Construction engineering barrier in the Netherlands.
Construction engineering involves planning and

execution, transportation of materials, site development based on hydraulic, environmental,
structural and geotechnical engineering. As construction firms tend to have higher business risk
than other types of civil engineering firms do, construction engineers often engage in more
business-like transactions, for example, drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical
operations, and monitoring prices of supplies.
Earthquake engineering [edit]
Main article: Earthquake engineering
Earthquake engineering involves designing structures to withstand hazardous earthquake

exposures. Earthquake engineering is a sub-discipline of structural engineering. The main
objectives of earthquake engineering are[21] to understand interaction of structures on the shaky
ground; foresee the consequences of possible earthquakes; and design, construct and maintain
structures to perform at earthquake in compliance with building codes.
Environmental engineering [edit]

Main article: Environmental engineering
Environmental engineering is the contemporary term for

sanitary engineering, though sanitary engineering traditionally
had not included much of the hazardous waste management
and environmental remediation work covered by
environmental engineering. Public health engineering and
environmental health engineering are other terms being used.
Environmental engineering deals with treatment of chemical,

biological, or thermal wastes, purification of water and air, and
remediation of contaminated sites after waste disposal or Water pollution
accidental contamination. Among the topics covered by
environmental engineering are pollutant transport, water
purification, waste water treatment, air pollution, solid waste treatment, and hazardous waste
management. Environmental engineers administer pollution reduction, green engineering, and
industrial ecology. Environmental engineers also compile information on environmental
consequences of proposed actions.
Forensic engineering [edit]

Main article: Forensic engineering
Forensic engineering is the investigation of materials, products, structures or components that fail
or do not operate or function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property. The
consequences of failure are dealt with by the law of product liability. The field also deals with
retracing processes and procedures leading to accidents in operation of vehicles or machinery.
The subject is applied most commonly in civil law cases, although it may be of use in criminal law
cases. Generally the purpose of a Forensic engineering investigation is to locate cause or causes
of failure with a view to improve performance or life of a component, or to assist a court in
determining the facts of an accident. It can also involve investigation of intellectual property claims,
especially patents.
Geotechnical engineering [edit]

Main article: Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering studies rock and soil supporting

civil engineering systems. Knowledge from the field of soil
science, materials science, mechanics, and hydraulics is
applied to safely and economically design foundations,
retaining walls, and other structures. Environmental efforts
to protect groundwater and safely maintain landfills have
spawned a new area of research called geoenvironmental A phase diagram of soil indicating
engineering.[22][23] the weights and volumes of air, soil,
water, and voids.
Identification of soil properties presents challenges to
geotechnical engineers. Boundary conditions are often well
defined in other branches of civil engineering, but unlike steel or concrete, the material properties
and behavior of soil are difficult to predict due to its variability and limitation on investigation.
Furthermore, soil exhibits nonlinear (stress-dependent) strength, stiffness, and dilatancy (volume
change associated with application of shear stress), making studying soil mechanics all the more
difficult.[22]
Materials science and engineering [edit]

Main article: Materials science
Materials science is closely related to civil engineering. It studies fundamental characteristics of

materials, and deals with ceramics such as concrete and mix asphalt concrete, strong metals such
as aluminum and steel, and thermosetting polymers including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and
carbon fibers.
Materials engineering involves protection and prevention (paints and finishes). Alloying combines
two types of metals to produce another metal with desired properties. It incorporates elements of
applied physics and chemistry. With recent media attention on nanoscience and nanotechnology,
materials engineering has been at the forefront of academic research. It is also an important part
of forensic engineering and failure analysis.
Outside plant engineering [edit]

Main article: Outside plant engineering
"Outside plant engineering" or OSP engineering is related to both Civil engineering and
Telecommunications engineering. It is concerned with the design of the aerial and underground
structures that interconnect communications nodes. Some of the typical components of outside
plant are cables, poles, messenger wire, down guys, pole anchors, underground vaults, service
boxes/hand-holes, and conduit.
Structural engineering [edit]

Main article: Structural engineering
Structural
engineering is
concerned with the
structural design
and structural
analysis of
buildings, bridges,
towers, flyovers
Play media (overpasses), Play media
Shallow foundation construction tunnels, off shore Burj Khalifa animation of
example construction process
structures like oil
and gas fields in
the sea, aerostructure and other structures. This involves identifying the loads which act upon a
structure and the forces and stresses which arise within that structure due to those loads, and
then designing the structure to successfully support and resist those loads. The loads can be self
weight of the structures, other dead load, live loads, moving (wheel) load, wind load, earthquake
load, load from temperature change etc. The structural engineer must design structures to be safe
for their users and to successfully fulfill the function they are designed for (to be serviceable). Due
to the nature of some loading conditions, sub-disciplines within structural engineering have
emerged, including wind engineering and earthquake engineering.[24]
Design considerations will include strength, stiffness, and stability of the structure when subjected
to loads which may be static, such as furniture or self-weight, or dynamic, such as wind, seismic,
crowd or vehicle loads, or transitory, such as temporary construction loads or impact. Other
considerations include cost, constructability, safety, aesthetics and sustainability.
Surveying [edit]
Main articles: Surveying and Construction surveying
Surveying is the process by which a surveyor measures

certain dimensions that occur on or near the surface of the
Earth. Surveying equipment, such as levels and
theodolites, are used for accurate measurement of angular
deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope distances. With
computerisation, electronic distance measurement (EDM),
total stations, GPS surveying and laser scanning have to a
large extent supplanted traditional instruments. Data
collected by survey measurement is converted into a
graphical representation of the Earth's surface in the form
of a map. This information is then used by civil engineers,
contractors and realtors to design from, build on, and
trade, respectively. Elements of a structure must be sized
A student using a dumpy level
and positioned in relation to each other and to site
boundaries and adjacent structures. Although surveying is
a distinct profession with separate qualifications and licensing arrangements, civil engineers are
trained in the basics of surveying and mapping, as well as geographic information systems.
Surveyors also lay out the routes of railways, tramway tracks, highways, roads, pipelines and
streets as well as position other infrastructure, such as harbors, before construction.
Land surveying
In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and most

Commonwealth countries land surveying is considered to be a
separate and distinct profession. Land surveyors are not
considered to be engineers, and have their own professional
associations and licensing requirements. The services of a
licensed land surveyor are generally required for boundary
surveys (to establish the boundaries of a parcel using its legal
description) and subdivision plans (a plot or map based on a
survey of a parcel of land, with boundary lines drawn inside
the larger parcel to indicate the creation of new boundary
BLM cadastral survey marker
lines and roads), both of which are generally referred to as from 1992 in San Xavier, Arizona.
Cadastral surveying.
Construction surveying
Construction surveying is generally performed by specialised technicians. Unlike land surveyors,

the resulting plan does not have legal status. Construction surveyors perform the following tasks:
Surveying existing conditions of the future work site, including topography, existing buildings
and infrastructure, and underground infrastructure when possible;
"lay-out" or "setting-out": placing reference points and markers that will guide the construction
of new structures such as roads or buildings;
Verifying the location of structures during construction;
As-Built surveying: a survey conducted at the end of the construction project to verify that the
work authorized was completed to the specifications set on plans.
Transportation engineering [edit]

Transportation engineering
Main article: Transportation engineering
Transportation engineering is concerned with moving

people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner
conducive to a vibrant community. This involves
specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining
transportation infrastructure which includes streets,
canals, highways, rail systems, airports, ports, and
mass transit. It includes areas such as transportation
design, transportation planning, traffic engineering,
some aspects of urban engineering, queueing theory,
The engineering of this roundabout in
pavement engineering, Intelligent Transportation Bristol, England, attempts to make traffic flow
System (ITS), and infrastructure management. free-moving
Municipal or urban engineering [edit]

Main article: Urban engineering
Municipal engineering is concerned with municipal

infrastructure. This involves specifying, designing,
constructing, and maintaining streets, sidewalks, water
supply networks, sewers, street lighting, municipal
solid waste management and disposal, storage depots
for various bulk materials used for maintenance and
public works (salt, sand, etc.), public parks and cycling
infrastructure. In the case of underground utility
networks, it may also include the civil portion (conduits Lake Chapultepec
and access chambers) of the local distribution
networks of electrical and telecommunications
services. It can also include the optimizing of waste collection and bus service networks. Some of
these disciplines overlap with other civil engineering specialties, however municipal engineering
focuses on the coordination of these infrastructure networks and services, as they are often built
simultaneously, and managed by the same municipal authority. Municipal engineers may also
design the site civil works for large buildings, industrial plants or campuses (i.e. access roads,
parking lots, potable water supply, treatment or pretreatment of waste water, site drainage, etc.)
Water resources engineering [edit]

See also: Hydraulic engineering and Hydrology
Water resources engineering is concerned with the

collection and management of water (as a natural
resource). As a discipline it therefore combines elements
of hydrology, environmental science, meteorology,
conservation, and resource management. This area of
civil engineering relates to the prediction and
management of both the quality and the quantity of water
in both underground (aquifers) and above ground (lakes,
rivers, and streams) resources. Water resource engineers Hoover Dam
analyze and model very small to very large areas of the
earth to predict the amount and content of water as it
flows into, through, or out of a facility. Although the actual design of the facility may be left to other
engineers.
Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. This
area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network,
drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees, storm sewers), and canals.
Hydraulic engineers design these facilities using the concepts of fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid
dynamics, and hydraulics, among others.
Civil engineering associations [edit]
American Society of Civil Engineers

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering
Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering
Surveyors
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Engineers Australia
European Federation of National Engineering
Associations
International Federation of Consulting Engineers
The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland
Indian Geotechnical Society
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institute of Engineering (Nepal)
International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE)
Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh
Institution of Engineers (India)
Institution of Engineers of Ireland
Institute of Transportation Engineers
Pakistan Engineering Council
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
Transportation Research Board
See also [edit]
Architectural engineering
Civil Engineering portal
Civil engineering software
Engineering drawing Engineering portal
Glossary of civil engineering

Index of civil engineering articles
List of civil engineers
List of engineering branches
List of Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
Macro-engineering
Railway engineering
Site survey
References [edit]
1. ^ "History and Heritage of Civil Engineering" . ASCE. Archived from the original on 16 February
2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
2. ^ "What is Civil Engineering" . Institution of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
3. ^ a b "What is Civil Engineering?" . The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. Archived from the
original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
4. ^ a b "Civil engineering" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
5. ^ The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance Jacob Burckhardt ISBN 0-8052-1082-2
6. ^ p. 4 of Mays, L. (30 August 2010). Ancient Water Technologies. Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-8631-
0.
a b
open in browser PRO version ^
Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com
7. ^ a b
Oakes, William C.; Leone, Les L.; Gunn, Craig J. (2001). Engineering Your Future. Great Lakes
Press. ISBN 1-881018-57-1.
8. ^ "Our history" . Institution of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
9. ^ "Institution of Civil Engineers' website" . Retrieved 26 December 2007.
10. ^ "Norwich University Legacy Website"
11. ^ Griggs, Francis E Jr. "Amos Eaton was Right!". Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering
Education and Practice, Vol. 123, No. 1, January 1997, pp. 30–34.
12. ^ RPI Timeline
13. ^ "Nora Stanton Blatch Barney" . Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
14. ^ Victor E. Saouma. "Lecture Notes in Structural Engineering" (PDF) . University of Colorado.
Retrieved 2 November 2007.
15. ^ Henry Thomas Colebrook, Algebra: with Arithmetic and mensuration (London 1817)
16. ^ ,"Cite Postgrad" . Archived from the original on 2008-11-06.
17. ^ "Why Should You Get Licensed?" . National Society of Professional Engineers. Archived from
the original on 4 June 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
18. ^ "Engineers Act" . Quebec Statutes and Regulations (CanLII). Archived from the original on 5
October 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
19. ^ "Ethics Codes and Guidelines" . Online Ethics Center. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
20. ^ "Singapore's Circle Line criminal trial started" . New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
21. ^ Chen W-F, Scawthorn C. Earthquake Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8493-
0068-1, Chapter 2
22. ^ a b
Mitchell, James Kenneth (1993), Fundamentals of Soil Behavior (2nd ed.), John Wiley and
Sons, pp 1–2
23. ^ Shroff, Arvind V.; Shah, Dhananjay L. (2003), Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,
Taylor & Francis, 2003, pp 1–2
24. ^ Narayanan, R, A Beeby. Introduction to Design for Civil Engineers. London: Spon, 2003.
Further reading [edit]
W . F . Chen and J . Y . Richard Liew, eds. (2002). The Civil Engineering Handbook. CRC
Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0958-8.
Jonathan T. Ricketts, M. Kent Loftin, Frederick S. Merritt, eds. (2004). Standard handbook for
civil engineers (5 ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071364730.
External links [edit]
The Institution of Civil Engineers Library resources about

Civil engineering
Civil Engineering Software Database
Resources in your library
The Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
Resources in other libraries
Civil engineering classes, from MIT OpenCourseWare
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Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Wikipedia

Main page This section needs additional citations for verification.

History of civil engineering [edit]

Chichen Itza was a large pre-Columbian city in

The civil engineer [edit]

Education and licensure [edit]

Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree

graduate degrees (MEng/MSc), which allow students

In general, civil engineering is concerned with

Coastal engineering [edit]

Coastal engineering is concerned with managing

Construction engineering [edit] Oosterscheldekering, a storm surge

Construction engineering involves planning and

Earthquake engineering involves designing structures to withstand hazardous earthquake

Environmental engineering [edit]

Environmental engineering is the contemporary term for

Environmental engineering deals with treatment of chemical,

Forensic engineering [edit]

Geotechnical engineering [edit]

Geotechnical engineering studies rock and soil supporting

Materials science and engineering [edit]

Materials science is closely related to civil engineering. It studies fundamental characteristics of

Outside plant engineering [edit]

Structural engineering [edit]

Surveying is the process by which a surveyor measures

In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and most

Construction surveying is generally performed by specialised technicians. Unlike land surveyors,

Transportation engineering [edit]

Transportation engineering is concerned with moving

Municipal or urban engineering [edit]

Municipal engineering is concerned with municipal

Water resources engineering [edit]

Water resources engineering is concerned with the

Civil engineering associations [edit]

American Society of Civil Engineers

See also [edit]

Glossary of civil engineering

External links [edit]

The Institution of Civil Engineers Library resources about

Mechanical Acoustical · Aerospace · Automotive · Marine · Mechatronics · Railway · Thermal ·

V· T · E · Glossaries of science and engineering

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Categories: Civil engineering Engineering disciplines

This page w as last edited on 29 April 2018, at 22:00.

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