Chapter 3

Problem Solutions
311
..
π
1 2 2 π
Q = ∫∫∫ ρ v dv = ∫ ∫ ∫ 2 zrdzdφdr = C
r =0 π z =0 2
φ=
4

31
. .2
2 −2 x + 5
The surface is shown below. Q = ∫∫ ρ s ds = ∫ ∫ 3xy( z = 2) dxdy = 13C .
x =1 y =1

(1, 1, 2)
(1, 3, 2)

(2, 1, 2) y = –2x + 5

31
. .3

The problem is sketched below. A vector from the second charge to the first is
R 21 = (1 − ( −1)) a x + (1 − 0)a y + (1 − ( −2)) a z = 2a x + a y + 3a z whose length is
R 21
R21 = 14 . A unit vector pointing from the second charge to the first is a 21 = .
R21

Coulomb’s law yields

F21 = 9 × 10 9 (100 × 10−6 )(50 × 10−6 ) a 21 = 1718

. a x + 0.859a y + 2.577a z N.
2
R21
z

Q2 = 50 ␮C

(–1, 0, 2)
Q1 = 100 ␮C

(1, 1, 1)

x
3-1
31
. .4

9(
100 × 10 −6 )
2

(a) F=0, (b) F = 4 × 9 × 10 × cos 45o a z ,

( 2) 2

9(
100 × 10 −6 )
9(
100 × 10 −6 )
2 2

(c) F1 = 9 × 10 a x = 90a x , F2 = 9 × 10 a y = 90a y ,

(1) 2 (1)2
F3 =
90
5
(
cos θ a x + sin θ a y , F4 = )
90
5
(
sin θ a x + cos θ a y . But cos θ =
2
5
and )
1
sin θ = . Hence F = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 11415 . a x + 11415
. ax .
5

F2
y ␪ F4
1 F3
␪
1
F1
5 ␪
3 ␪ 2
x
–1 1
5

–1
4

31
. .5
The problem is sketched below. For the forces exerted on Q3 by the other two charges to

be equal and oppositely directed, we must have

9 × 10 9 (18 × 10−6 )(8 × 10−6 ) = 9 × 109 (72 × 10−6 )(8 × 10−6 ) . Solving for d gives
d2 (0.03 − d ) 2
d=1cm.

3 cm
d

Q1 = 18 ␮C Q3 = –8 ␮C Q2 = 72 ␮C

3-2
31
. .6

. × 10 −19 C. Placing the positive charge on the left

The charge of an electron is e = −16
and the negative charge on the right, the force exerted on the electron by the positive
charge is directed to the left and is

F1 = 9 × 10 9 (35 × 10−6 )(16. × 10−19 ) = 5.04 × 10−12 N . The force exerted on the
(10 × 10−2 )
2

electron by the negative charge is of the same magnitude and in the same direction so that
the net force is 1 × 10 −11 N directed toward the positive charge.
31
. .7

The problem is sketched below. In order that the forces balance, the Coulomb force
Q2
acting in the horizontal direction is F = 2
. The component of the
4π ε o (2l sin θ )

restraining force along the string that is horizontally directed is T sin θ and the force of
sin θ
gravity acting downward on the charges is T cos θ = mg . Hence F = mg .
cos θ
Equating the two and solving gives Q 2 =
1
cos θ
(
16πε o l 2 mg sin 3 θ . )

T l
␪
F Q Q

2l sin ␪
mg

3.2.1

The problem is sketched below. The electric field due to the positive charge is
Q
E1 = 9 × 109 12 a y = 2,812.5a y . The electric field due to the negative charge is
(4)
Q
E 2 = −9 × 109 22 a z = −22,500a z . Hence the total electric field is
(2)
V
E = E1 + E 2 = 2,812.5a y − 22,500a z .
m

3-3
 z
(0, 4, 2) E1
Q1 = 5 ␮C z=2

E2
E

y=4

Q2 = –10 ␮C y

3.2.2

The problem is sketched below. The angle θ is θ = 60 o . The distances from the triangle
vertices to the center is, according to the law of cosines, 52 = d 2 + d 2 − 2d 2 cos( 2θ )

giving d=2.887 m. The vector contributions are

E=
Q
4π ε o d 2
+ 2
Q
4π ε o d 2
cos ( )
60 o
= 108
kV
m
.

5m d 5m

d d
␪ ␪

—Q 5m —Q

3.2.3

The problem is sketched below. (a) First we determine the electric field along the z axis.
Superimposing the fields due to the two charges gives
1 Q 1 Q Ql z Ql z
E= 2
a z − 2
a z = 2 2
a z = az
4π ε o  l 4π ε o  l 2π ε o  l  l 2π ε o  22
z −  z +  z −  z +  l
  z 2 − 
2  2  2  2 4


3-4
(b) Now we determine the electric field along the y axis. Superposing the fields as shown
l
Q 1 2 Ql
gives E = −2 1
az = − 3
az .
4π ε o  2 l 2
 y +   2 l  2 2  2 l 2 2
4  y +  4π ε  y + 
  4
o
4
 
14 4244 3
sin θ

z
z E+ E–

l
2 ␪ y
␪ ␪ y
l
2 E– E E+

3.2.4
The problem is sketched below. Divide the charge into chunks of charge, dQ = ρ l ad
{ φ.
dl

At a distance d from the center and on a line perpendicular to the ring, the horizontal
components cancel out leaving only the vertical components so that
2π 1 ρ l adφ
E= ∫ 2
cos(α ) a z
φ =0 4π ε o R
d
where R = d 2 + a 2 and cos(α ) = . Substituting these gives
R
2π 1 ρ l ad
E= ∫ 3
dφ a z
φ = 0 4π ε o 2
d +a (
2 2
)
1 ρ l ad
= 3
az z>0
2ε o
(d 2 + a 2 ) 2
At a large distance from the center, d >> a , this result reduces to
1 ρla
E= a z d >> a
2ε o d 2
2π a ρ l
= a z d >> a
4π ε o d 2

3-5
 z

E
␣

z=d

R
␣

y
a

␳l ad␾
x

3.2.5 The problem is sketched below. The chunks of charge are dQ = ρ s dr rdφ and
123
ds

again, by symmetry, the horizontal components cancel leaving only the vertical (z-
directed) components. Summing these contributions gives
a 2π ρ rdφ dr 1 d
E= ∫ ∫ s az
4 π ε 2 2 2 2
r = 0φ = 0 d
o 12
4 4+ r
3 14d 2+4r3
1 cos(α )
R2

ρs  d 
= 1 − a z z>0
2 ε o  d 2 + a 2 
π a2ρ s
= az d >> a
4π ε o d 2

E
␣

z=d

R
␣

r y

␳s rdrd␾

3-6
3.2.6

The problem is sketched in the xy plane below. Using the results of Example 3.3 and
superpositioning the fields gives (a)
ρl 1 ρl 1 ρl l
E= ay − ay = ay.
2π ε o  l 2π ε o  l 2π ε o  l2 
y−  y+   y 2 − 
 2   2 4

l
ρl 2
Similarly the fields along the x axis become E = −2 ay.
2
l l2
2π ε o x 2 + x2 +
4 14243 4
cos θ

l l Er+
2 2
—␳ y
␳ y
␪
–
R Er
R Er–

x
␪

x
Er+

3.2.7

The problem is sketched below. Place the strip in the xz plane centered on the origin.
C
Divide the strip into infinite line charges with distribution ρ l = ρ s dz . Use the result
m
W
2 ρ s dz
in Example 3.3, equation (3.10). Accounting for symmetry, E = 2 ∫ cos α ay
z = 0` 2πε o R
d
where R = z 2 + d 2 and cos α = . Hence, using the integral
R
W
1 1 −1  z  ρ sd 2 1 ρs W 
∫ 2 dz = tan   , E = ∫ dz ay = tan −1   ay.
d +z 2 d  d  πε o z = 0` d + z 2
2
( ) πε o d  2d 

3-7
 z

W
2
z
R
E–
␣
W
d ␣ y

R E+

—z
W
—
2

3.3.1
V V
The electric field intensity vector is E = = 105 . The polarization vector is
d m
P = D − ε o E . Substituting D = ε r ε o E gives
1 µC
P = ε o (ε r − 1) E = × 10 −9 (5.4 − 1) × 105 = 389
. .
36π m2
3.4.1

The problem is sketched below. (a) the total charge enclosed is

a 2π π a 2π π
2 3 4
Qenc = ∫ ∫ ∫ ρ v r144
sin θ drdφ dθ = ∫
2443 ∫ ∫ kr sin θ drdφ dθ =π ka . (b) Using
r = 0 φ = 0θ = 0 dv r = 0 φ = 0θ = 0

ka 4
Gauss’ law, ∫ ε o E • ds = ε o E 4π r 2 = Qenc = π ka 4 giving E = a r . (c) The charge
4ε o r 2
kr 2
enclosed is Qenc = π kr 4 . Hence the electric field is E = ar .
4ε o

␳v = kr

r dv

3-8
3.4.2

No. No closed surface can be found for which the electric field is perpendicular to all
sides and hence no simplification of ∫ D • ds can be obtained.

3.4.3

The problem is sketched below. Since D is directed in the z direction, there is no flux
through the sides. Hence Gauss’ law gives
2π a 2π a 8πa 3 64π
Qenc = ∫ D • ds + ∫ D • ds = ∫
123 123 ∫ ( z = 4)rrdrd
123
φ− ∫ ∫ ( z = 0)rrdrd
123
φ= = C.
φ = 0r = 0 φ = 0r = 0 3 3
top bottom ds ds

z
Dz

x Dz

3.4.4
b 2π π
For r ≥ b Qenc = ∫ ρ v dv = ∫ ∫ ∫
k 2
r = a φ = 0θ = 0 r
1442443 ( )
r sin θ drdφ dθ = 2π k b 2 − a 2 . By symmetry,
dv
the field is radially directed. Hence ∫ D • ds = Qenc so that ε o Er 4π r 2 = 2π k b 2 − a 2 . ( )
Thus Er =
(
k b2 − a 2 ) . For r ≤ a , Er = 0 since no charge is enclosed. For a ≤ r ≤ b ,
2
2ε o r
k  a2 
( )
Qenc = 2π k r 2 − a 2 . Hence ε o Er 4π r 2 = 2π k r 2 − a 2 . Thus Er =( 1 −
2ε o 
)  .
r2 

3.5.1

The problem is sketched below. The work required to move q around the paths is
W = − q ∫ E • dl = − q ∫ xdx − q ∫ ydy − q ∫ zdz . (a)

3-9
 1 2 0 0
W = − q ∫ zdz − q ∫ ydy − q ∫ zdz − q ∫ ydy = 0 . (b)
z =0 y =0 z =1 y =2
1 0 1 0
W = − q ∫ zdz − q ∫ ydy − q ∫ xdx − q ∫ xdx = 0 .
z =0 z =1 x =0 x =1

z=1 (0, 2 m, 1 m)
(0, 0, 1 m)

(0, 2 m, 0)
y=2 y

x=1

3.5.2

The problem is sketched below. Applying superposition and equation (3.37) yields
Q  1 1
V =  −  = 15kV .
4π ε o  2 3

z
+ (0, 3, 2)

– y=3
(0, 0, 0) y
Q = 10 ␮C

3.5.3

The problem is sketched below. Applying superposition and equation (3.37) yields
   
Q1  1 1 Q2  1 1
V = − + − = −13,287.42 − 14782.56 = −28,070V
4π ε o  5 2 + 5 − 3 2 3 4π ε o  5 2 + 5 − 2 2 2 
 ( ) ( )   ( ) ( ) 

3-10
 z

(0, 5, 5)
29
2 =
– 3) +
2 + (5
(5)
Q1 = 10 ␮C
z=3
V (5 – 2)2 + (5)2 = 34

– y=2
y
Q2 = 5 ␮C

3.5.4

The problem is sketched below. Applying superposition and equation (3.37) yields
Q1  1 1  Q2  1 1 
V =  − +  − = −28,287.42 − 7,282.56 = −35,570V
4π ε o  52 + 22 2  4π ε o  52 + 32 3

(0, 0, 5)

52 + 22 52 + 32
V

y = –2 – y=3
y
Q1 = 10 ␮C Q2 = 5 ␮C

3.5.5

The problem is sketched below. Applying superposition and equation (3.37) yields
Q1  1 1  Q2  1 1 
V =  − +  − = −7,282.56 + 28,287.42 = 21,005V .
4π ε o  52 + 32 3 4π ε o  52 + 22 2 

3-11
 z

z=2
Q2 = –10 ␮C
52 + 22

(0, 5, 0) y

x=3 52 + 32
Q1 = 5 ␮C
x

3.5.6

The problem is sketched below. Applying superposition and equation (3.38) yields
ρ1  2  ρ2  3 
V = ln  + ln   = −89,145 + 119,622 = 30,477V .
2π ε o  52 + 22  2π ε o  52 + 32 

z=5

52 + 32 52 + 22
V

y = –3 – y=2
y
␳l = –10 ␮C/m ␳1 = 5 ␮C/m

3.5.7

The problem is sketched below. By the law of cosines, the distance from each charge to
the center of the triangle is related to the side length as l 2 = d 2 + d 2 − 2d 2 cos 120o so ( )
l
that d = . Applying superposition and equation (3.42) yields
1732
.
Q Q
V =3 = 4.677 × 1010 = 31177V
, .
 l  l
4π ε o  
 1732
. 

3-12
 Q

d
l l
120° 120°

d d
120°
Q Q
l

3.5.8

The problem is sketched below. Using (3.44) gives

2π ρ l adφ ρ la
V = ∫ = . The potential is only a function of z and hence
φ = 0 4π ε o z 2 + a 2 2ε o z 2 + a 2

the gradient is
aρ l ∂ 2 − 12 aρ l
E = − gradientV = −
∂V
∂z
az = −
2ε o ∂ z
z + a2 ( ) az =
2ε o
z
3
a z which
(z 2
+a 2
) 2

agrees with the results of Problem 3.2.4.

y
a

␳l ad␾C
x

3-13
3.5.9

The problem is sketched below. Using (3.44) gives

a 2π ρ s rdrdφ ρ
V = ∫ ∫ = s  z 2 + a 2 − z  . The potential is only a function of z
 
r = 0 φ = 0 4π ε o z 2 + r 2 2ε o 

and hence the gradient is

∂V ρ ∂  2 ρ  z 
E = − gradientV = − az = − s z + a 2 − z a z = s 1 − a z which
∂z 2ε o ∂ z   2ε o  z 2 + a 2 

agrees with the results of Problem 3.2.5.

␳s r y

␳s rdrd␾

3.5.10

(a)
∂V ∂V ∂V
E = − gradientV = − ax − ay − a
∂x ∂y ∂z z
x y z
= 3
ax + 3
ay + 3
az
(x 2 2
+y +z 2
) 2
(x 2 2
+y +z 2
) 2
(x 2 2
+y +z 2
) 2

(b)
∂V 1∂V ∂V
E = − gradientV = − ar − aφ − a
∂r r ∂φ ∂z z
= − e − z cos φ a r + e − z sin φ a φ + re − z cos φ a z

3-14
(c)
∂V 1∂V 1 ∂V
E = − gradientV = − ar − aθ − aφ
∂r r ∂θ r sin θ ∂ φ
sin θ cos φ cos θ cos φ sin φ
=2 ar − aθ + aφ
r3 r3 r3
3.6.1
V kV µC µC
E = = 10 , D = ε oε r E = 0.478 2 , P = D − ε o E = 0.389 2 ,
d m m m
A
C = ε r ε o = 477.5 pF .
d
3.6.2
2
A π (01
.)
C = εo = εo −
= 277.8pF .
d 10 3
3.6.3
A A
There are two capacitors in series: C1 = ε r1ε o and C2 = ε r 2ε o . Capacitors in
d1 d2
ε r1ε r 2
C1C2 d1d 2
series add like resistors in parallel so that C = = εoA . The total free
C1 + C2 ε r1 ε r 2
+
d1 d2
charge on the upper (and lower) plate is Q f = CV . Using Gauss’ law and surrounding
Qf CV
the upper plate with a closed surface yields DA = Q f . Therefore D = = . In the
A A
D CV
upper dielectric, E1 = = and in the lower dielectric,
ε r1ε o ε r1ε o A
D CV V
E2 = = . Evaluating these gives C = 70.74pF , E1 = 4000 ,
ε r 2ε o ε r 2ε o A m
V
E2 = 2000 .
m
3.6.4
A A
There are two capacitors in parallel: C1 = ε r1ε o 1 and C2 = ε r 2ε o 2 . Capacitors in
d d
(ε A + ε r 2 A2 ) . Using
parallel add like resistors in series so that C = C1 + C2 = ε o r1 1
d

Gauss’ law and surrounding each portion of the upper plate with a closed surface yields
D1 C1V
D1 A = Q f 1 and D2 A = Q f 2 . Therefore E1 = = and
ε r1ε o ε r1ε o A1

3-15
 D2 C2V
E2 = = . Evaluating these gives C1 = 88.42pF , C2 = 707.4pF ,
ε r 2ε o ε r 2ε o A2
V V
C = 795.8pF , E1 = 5000 , E2 = 5000 . Observe that V = E1d = E2 d = 10V and
m m
Q f = Q f 1 + Q f 2 = CV = 7.96nC .

3.6.5

We observe that there are essentially two spherical capacitors in series. First we obtain
the capacitance of a spherical capacitor with a homogeneous dielectric filling the interior.
Using Gauss’ law and surrounding the inner sphere with a sphere of radius r gives
Qf Qf
D= 2
. Hence the electric field is radially directed and is E = . The voltage
4π r 4π ε r 2
a Qf Q f  1 1
between the spheres is V = − ∫ dr =  −  . Hence the capacitance is
b 4π ε r
2 4π ε  a b 
Qf 4π ab
C= = . This result was derived in Exercise Problem 3.8. Hence the
V (b − a )
4π ar1 4π br1
capacitances are C1 = and C2 = . Since these are in series and capacitors
(r1 − a ) (b − r1 )
in series add like resistors in parallel we obtain
CC 1
C = 1 2 = 4π ε o . Substituting the values gives
C1 + C2 1  1 1 1 1 1
 − +  − 
ε r 2  r1 b  ε r1  a r1 

0.303pF.
3.6.6

The per-unit-length capacitance for a coaxial cable filled with a homogeneous dielectric
2π ε F
was obtained in Example 3.15 as c = . For this problem we observe that there
 b m
ln  
 a
2π ε oε r1 2π ε oε r 2
ae two such capacitors in series: c1 = and c2 = . Since capacitors in
 r1   b
ln   ln  
 a  r1 

3-16
 c1c2 2π ε oε r1ε r 2
series add like resistors in parallel, c = = . Evaluating this
c1 + c2  b  r1 
ε r1 ln   + ε r 2 ln  
 r1   a

for the given dimensions yields 82.06 pF m .

3.7.1

Converting the radius from mils to meters gives

1inch 2.54cm 1meter
16mils × × × = 4.064 × 10 −4 m . Hence the resistance is
1000mils 1inch 100cm
1000m
R= . Ω.
= 3323
7
(
σ = 5.8 × 10 × A = π 4.064 × 10 −4 2
)
3.7.2
V V
The electric field is E =. Hence the current density is J = σ E = σ . The total
d d
V V d
current is I = JA = Aσ . Hence the resistance is R = = Ω . Evaluating this
d I σA

gives 50mΩ.
3.7.3
Qf
The electric field intensity at a radius r was determined in Problem 3.6.5 as E = .
4π ε r 2

The voltage between the spheres was also determined as

a Qf Q f  1 1
V = −∫ dr =  −  . The current flowing between the two spheres is
b 4 π ε r 2 4π ε  a b
Qf 2 Qf
I = JA = σ EA = σ 4π r = σ . Hence the resistance is
4π ε r 2 ε
V 1  1 1
R= =  −  . Evaluating this for the given dimensions yields 106.1Ω.
I 4π σ  a b 

3.7.4

The voltage between the inner wire and the shield was determined in Example 3.15 in
C ρ l  b
terms of the charge distribution on the inner wire of ρ l as V = ln   .
m 2π ε  a 

Similarly, the electric field in this region was determined in Example 3.7 to be

3-17
 ρl
E= . Hence the current flowing from one cylinder to the other (per-unit-of line
2π ε r
ρl ρl
length) is I = JA = σ 2π r = σ . Thus the resistance per unit length is
2π ε r ε
V 1  b
r= = ln   .Ω/m
Ω / m . Evaluating this for the given dimensions yields 01
I 2π σ  a 

3.7.5

From the results of Example 3.16, the magnetic flux density vector at a perpendicular
L
µ I 2
distance from the midpoint of the current element is B = o a φ . (a) At
2π r L2
r2 +
4
(0,3m,0) the field is 0.2858 a φ µ T . (b) Off the ends of the curent element dl × a R is

zero and hence the field is zero off the ends.

3.7.6

Utilizing the result obtained in Example 3.16 for an infinite current, the magnetic flux
µ I Wb
density at a distance r is B = o . Hence the total magnetic flux penetrating the loop
2π r m 2
is ψ = ∫ B • ds . By the right-hand rule the B field is directed into the page and hence the

dot product can be removed. However, the B field depends on distance away from the
current and cannot be removed from the integral. Hence
l r2 µ I
ψ= ∫ ∫ o drdz = µ o Il ln  r2  Wb . For the given parameters we obtain
 
z = 0 r = r1 2π r 2π  r1 

ψ = 0139
. µWb .

3.7.7

The problem is sketched below. Using the results of Example 3.16 we may superimpose
the contributions from the four identical sides. Observe that the contributions from
opposite sides cause the net B from those two to be directed in the +z direction. similarly
µoI l
the other two sides cause a similar result. Hence B = 4 2 cos α a z where
2π R 2 l2
R + 4

3-18
 2
l
R= z + 4 and cos α = 2 . Combining these gives
2 l
R
l2
2µ o I 4
B= a z . For l = 2m and I = 10A , at the center of the
π  z2 + l  z2 + l2
2
 4 
 2

loop, z = 0 , we obtain B = 5.66µ Ta z .

z
␣ ␣

R R

l l
I (– , , 0)
2 2

␣ ␣ I
I
l y
l
2 2
I l l
( , , 0)
2 2
x

3.7.8

The problem is sketched below. Using the results of Example 3.16 we may superimpose
the contributions from the three identical sides. The radial distance from the center of
l
each side to the center of the triangle is r = 0.577 . Using (3.60) of Example 3.16 we
2
µ I l 9µ o I
obtain B = 3 o 2 = into the page. For l = 5cm and I = 4A we obtain
2π r 2 l2 2π l
r + 4

B = 144µ T .

3-19
 30°
l I l
I
r r

I
l

3.7.9

The problem is sketched below. According to the Biot Savart law, the magnetic field off
the ends of a current is zero since dl × a R is zero. Hence there are no contributions to the
magnetic field at point P due to sides DA and BC. For side CD dl × a R = rdθ and is out

of the page. Hence the Biot Savart law gives for this contribution
θ µoI µ I µ I
∫ r dθ = o θ . Similarly the contribution from the segment AB is o θ
2 2
θ = 0 4π (r2 ) 4π r2 4π r1

µoI θ  1 1 
which is into the page. Hence the total is B =  −  which is directed into the
4π  r1 r2 

page since r2 > r1 .

C
I
B
I

I
␪
P
D I A
r1
r2

3-20
3.9.1

The problem is sketched below. Use the result for the magnetic field from an infinitely
I
long current filament obtained in Example 3.19: H = . (a) At the center, the H fields
2π r
I 2I
add giving H = 2 = . (b) At a distance D from the center and in a plane
 d π d
2π  
 2

containing the currents we superimpose the fields to give

I I I d
H= − = .
( )
2π D − d 2 2π D + d 2 ( )
2π  2 d 2 
D −
 4 

I I

d d
2 2

3.9.2

The problem is sketched below. Place the strip on the z axis centered about the origin.
Treat the linear current density as filaments of current Kdz A . Superimpose the magnetic

fields using equation (3.81) of Example 3.19. The magnetic field intensity vector is
w
2 Kdz d
H=2 ∫ cos α a z where R = d 2 + z 2 and cos α = . Hence
z = 0 2π R R
w w
Kd 2 1 K  −1 z  2 K −1 w
H= ∫ dz =  tan = tan . For an infinite strip as
(
π z =0 d 2 + z 2 )
π  d  z = 0 π 2d

K
w → ∞, H → which agrees with the result for an infinite strip in Example 3.21.
2

3-21
 z

w
z=
2 ␣
Kdz ␣
R

␣
d y

w
z=_
2

3.9.3
2π NI
For (b) a < r < b , ∫ Hφ rdφ = NI . Hence Hφ = . For (a) r < a and (c) r > b the
φ =0 2π r

net current penetrating this loop of radius r is zero and hence H=0.
3.9.4

The problem is sketched below. Construct a rectangular contour as shown. By symmetry,

the magnetic field is directed along the solenoid and is directed right to left. Applying
Ampere’s law to this yields ∫ H • dl = HL = I enclosed = InL . Hence H = nI and

B = µ r µ o H = µ r µ o nI .

H H

I I

3.11.1

The magnetic flux density along the axis of the solenoid was obtained in Problem 3.9.4 as
B = µ r µ o nI . Since this is uniform over the cross section of the core and is axially
2
directed, the flux is ψ = ∫ B • ds = Bπ a . The flux linkages per unit length are
core
cross section

3-22
 Λ H
Λ = nψ . Hence the per-unit-length self inductance is l = = µ r µ o n 2π a 2 . For
I m
2
 turns  2 H
the given dimensions, l = 1000 × 4π × 10 −7 ×  2000  π ( 0.01) = 158
. .
 m  m

3.11.2

Treating this as a long parallel wire line of length l and separation w and neglecting the
contribution from the end segments gives, using the result of Example 3.25 for an infinite
µ l  w
line, L ≅ o ln   .
π  a
3.11.3

The problem is sketched below. Assuming the plate width is much greater than the plate
separation we can use the result in Example 3.18 for the magnetic flux density from an
A
infinite plate carrying a linear current density of K . The magnetic flux density is
m
µ K
parallel to the plate and opposite to the direction of the current: B = o .
2
Superimposing the fields due to both plates gives B = µ o K which is constant across the

cross section between the plates. The flux penetrating the surface between the plates is
ψ = ∫ B • ds = Bs∆l = µ o Ks∆l . The total current on each plate is I = Kw . Hence the
ψ
s s
flux is ψ = µ o I∆l . Thus the inductance per unit length is l = I = µ o .
w ∆l w

w
B

3-23
3.11.4

First we solve the basic problem shown below. The magnetic field intensity due to the
µ I
infinitely long current is B = o . The flux through the loop is obtained by integration
2π r
b µoI µ Il  b 
as ψ = l ∫ dr = o ln   . Applying this to the original problem and
r = a 2π r 2π  a

superimposing the fluxes due to each current gives

ψ2 = ln
(
 s w )  (
µ o Il  D − 2 + 2  µ o I  D + 2 + 2
− ln
s w )  . Hence the mutual inductance
2π (
 2 2 )
 D − s − w  2π  D + s − w
  ( 2 2 ) 
is M = = ln
(
 s w )(
ψ 2 µ ol  D − 2 + 2 D + 2 − 2 
s w 
.
)
I (
 2 2 )(
2π  D − s − w D + s + w 
2 2  )

a l
I
b

3.12.1

The particle is traveling with constant velocity so that F = ma = 0 . In order for the
vertical forces to balance so that the particle passes through the hole we must have the
electric force, Fe = qE , equal the magnetic force, Fm = qvB . Solving gives the critical
E
velocity of the particle as v = . Evaluating this for the given conditions yields
B
2000 m
v= −3
= 2 × 10 6 .
1 × 10 s

3.12.2

The magnetic flux density vector is radially directed about each wire and is given by
µ I
B = o . The magnetic flux density at wire 2 due to the current of wire 1 is therefore
2π r

3-24
 µ o I1
B21 = and is perpendicular (into the page) to current I 2 . The force exerted on a ∆l
2π s
µ I
section of wire 2 is, according to the Lorentz force equation, F21 = I 2 ∆lB21 = I 2 ∆l o 1 .
2π s
F µ II N
Hence the force per unit length exerted on wire 2 is f 21 = 21 = o 1 2 .
∆l 2π s m

3.12.3

From the previous problem, the force exerted on the left side of the loop is
µ II µ II
F1 = o 1 2 w , and the force exerted on the right side of the loop is F3 = o 1 2 w .
2π a 2π b

Along the upper and lower segments of the loop, the B field varies along the wire. Hence
b µ I I
the force along the upper segment is F2 = ∫ o 1 2 dr = µ o I1 I 2 ln  b  = F .
  4
r = a 2π r 2π  a

3.12.4

The sliding bar cuts the magnetic field resulting in a voltage source , Bvw , inserted in it
Bvw
as shown below. Hence the current is I = − .
R

R +
– Bvw
I

3.12.5

The vertical side of the loop cuts the magnetic field so that a voltage is induced in it. The
horizontal sides have no inserted source since v × B is perpendicular to the wire. Shown
below is a view in the xy plane. The tangential velocity is v = lω and
v × B = lω B sin(ω t ) assuming that the loop starts at the x axis at t=0. The voltage

source is inserted as shown below so that the current through the resistor is
wlω B sin(ω t )
I=− .
R

3-25
 B

l

t
v

I
–
+ l
B sin
t
R

3-26