Data analysis

Data Analysis

1) Gender

 Male = 1
 Female = 2

Rank, 𝑥 Frequency 𝑓𝑥 x − 𝑋̅ (x − ̅
X)2 𝑓(x − ̅
X)2
,𝑓

1 34 34 -0.43 0.1849 6.2866

2 26 52 0.57 0.3249 8.4474

∑𝑓 =60 ∑𝑓𝑥 = 86 ∑𝑓(x −
̅)2 =14.734
X

(i) Sample Mean

∑𝑓𝑥
̅
X=
∑𝑓
86
=
60
 = 1.43

(ii) Sample Variance

∑𝑓(x − ̅
X)2
𝑠2 =
∑𝑓 − 1
14.734
=
60 − 1
= 0.2497

(iii) Sample Standard deviation

̅)2
∑𝑓(x − X
𝑠=√
∑𝑓 − 1

= √0.2497

= 0.4997

(iv) 95% Confidence interval for population mean, μ (α = 0.05)

𝑠 𝑠
𝑋̅ − 𝑧𝛼/2 < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + 𝑧𝛼/2
√∑𝑓 √∑𝑓
0.4997 0.4997
1.43 − 𝑧0.025 < 𝜇 < 1.43 + 𝑧0.025
√60 √60
1.43 − 0.122 < 𝜇 < 1.54 + 0.122
1.418 < 𝜇 < 1.662

(v) Analysis and Comment

Based on the pie chart above, 43.3% of our the total respondents are female whereas 56.7%
are male. The mean value calculated is 1.43 which lies in the middle of Rank 1 (male) and
Rank 2 (female). Thus, it shows that, the our survey is not bias because the proportion of
males to females is nearly equal.
2) Level of study

 Year 1 = 1
 Year 2 = 2
 Year 3 =3
 Year 4 = 4

Rank, 𝑥 Frequency, 𝑓 𝑓𝑥 x − 𝑋̅ (x − ̅
X)2 𝑓(x − ̅
X)2
1 11 11 -1.47 2.1609 23.7699
2 25 50 -0.47 0.2209 5.5225
3 9 27 0.53 0.2809 2.5281
4 15 60 1.53 2.3409 35.1135
∑𝑓 =60 ∑𝑓𝑥 =148 ̅)2 =66.934
∑𝑓(x − X

(i) Sample Mean

∑𝑓𝑥
̅
X=
∑𝑓
148
=
60
= 2.47
(ii) Sample Variance
̅) 2
∑𝑓(x − X
𝑠2 =
∑𝑓 − 1
66.934
=
60 − 1
= 1.13
(iii) Sample Standard deviation

̅)2
∑𝑓(x − X
𝑠= √
∑𝑓 − 1

= √1.13

= 1.063

(iv) 95% Confidence interval for population mean, μ (α = 0.05)

𝑠 𝑠
𝑋̅ − 𝑧𝛼/2 < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + 𝑧𝛼/2
√∑𝑓 √∑𝑓
1.063 1.063
2.47 − 𝑧0.025 < 𝜇 < 2.47 + 𝑧0.025
√60 √60
2.47 − 0.170 < 𝜇 < 2.47 + 0.170
1.54 < 𝜇 < 1.88

(v) Analysis and Comment

Based on the result obtained, most of the respondents are from Year 2, followed by Year
1 and then Year 3. The least of our respondents are from Year 4. None of the respondent
is from Master student or PhD students. This is because most of the respondents that we
approached are taking the degree courses.
3) Number of lab practicals done in a semester

 2times = 2
 3 times = 3
 4 times = 4

Rank, 𝑥 Frequency, 𝑓 𝑓𝑥 x − 𝑋̅ (x − ̅
X)2 𝑓(x − ̅
X )2
2 28 56 -0.73 0.5329 14.9212
3 20 60 0.27 0.0729 1.458
4 12 48 1.27 1.6129 19.3548
∑𝑓 =60 ∑𝑓𝑥 =164 ̅) 2 =
∑𝑓(x − X
35.734

(i) Sample Mean

∑𝑓𝑥
̅=
X
∑𝑓
164
=
60
= 2.73

(ii) Sample Variance

 ̅) 2
∑𝑓(x − X
2
𝑠 =
∑𝑓 − 1
35.734
=
60 − 1
= 0.6057
(iii) Sample Standard deviation

∑𝑓(x − ̅
X) 2
𝑠=√
∑𝑓 − 1

= √0.6057

= 0.7783

(iv) 95% Confidence interval for population mean, μ (α = 0.05)

𝑠 𝑠
𝑋̅ − 𝑧𝛼/2 < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + 𝑧𝛼/2
√∑𝑓 √∑𝑓
0.7783 0.7783
2.73 − 𝑧0.025 < 𝜇 < 2.73 + 𝑧0.025
√60 √60
2.73 − 0.100 < 𝜇 < 2.73 + 0.100
2.398 < 𝜇 < 3.022

(v) Analysis and Comment

Based on the result obtained, average of the respondents seldom skip class or skip class
once a week. The factors that they skipped classes maybe are overslept, have other non-
academic activities and not interested in the subject.
4) Average time taken for a lab practical session

 2 hours = 2
 3 hours = 3
 4 hours = 4
 5 hours = 5

Rank, 𝑥 Frequency, 𝑓 𝑓𝑥 x − 𝑋̅ (x − ̅
X)2 𝑓(x − ̅
X )2
2 9 18 -0.97 0.9409 8.4681
3 46 138 0.03 0.0009 0.0414
4 3 12 1.03 1.0609 3.1827
5 2 10 2.03 4.1209 8.2418
∑𝑓 =60 ∑𝑓𝑥 =178 ∑𝑓(x − ̅
X)2 =
19.934

(vi) Sample Mean

∑𝑓𝑥
̅
X=
∑𝑓
178
=
60
= 2.97
(vii) Sample Variance
∑𝑓(x − ̅
X)2
𝑠2 =
∑𝑓 − 1
19.934
=
60 − 1
= 0.3379
(viii) Sample Standard deviation

∑𝑓(x − ̅
X) 2
𝑠=√
∑𝑓 − 1

= √0.3379

= 0.5813

(ix) 95% Confidence interval for population mean, μ (α = 0.05)

𝑠 𝑠
𝑋̅ − 𝑧𝛼/2 < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + 𝑧𝛼/2
√∑𝑓 √∑𝑓
0.5813 0.5813
2.97 − 𝑧0.025 < 𝜇 < 2.97 + 𝑧0.025
√60 √60
2.97 − 0.100 < 𝜇 < 2.97 + 0.100
2.398 < 𝜇 < 3.022

(x) Analysis and Comment

Based on the result obtained, average of the respondents seldom skip class or skip class
once a week. The factors that they skipped classes maybe are overslept, have other non-
academic activities and not interested in the subject.
5) Average time taken to do a lab report

 1hours = 1
 2 hours = 2
 3 hours = 3
 4 hours = 4
 5 hours = 5

Rank, 𝑥 Frequency, 𝑓 𝑓𝑥 x − 𝑋̅ (x − ̅
X)2 𝑓(x − ̅
X )2
1 1 1 -2.53 6.4009 6.4009
2 10 20 -1.53 2.3409 23.409
3 15 45 -0.53 0.2809 4.2135
4 24 96 0.47 0.2209 5.3016
5 10 50 1.47 2.1609 21.609
∑𝑓 =60 ∑𝑓𝑥 =212 ̅) 2 =
∑𝑓(x − X
60.934

(xi) Sample Mean

∑𝑓𝑥
̅=
X
∑𝑓
212
=
60
= 3.53
(xii) Sample Variance
∑𝑓(x − ̅
2
X)2
𝑠 =
∑𝑓 − 1
60.934
=
60 − 1
= 1.033
(xiii) Sample Standard deviation

∑𝑓(x − ̅
X) 2
𝑠=√
∑𝑓 − 1

= √1.033

= 1.016

(xiv) 95% Confidence interval for population mean, μ (α = 0.05)

𝑠 𝑠
𝑋̅ − 𝑧𝛼/2 < 𝜇 < 𝑋̅ + 𝑧𝛼/2
√∑𝑓 √∑𝑓
1.016 1.016
3.53 − 𝑧0.025 < 𝜇 < 3.53 + 𝑧0.025
√60 √60
3.53 − 0.100 < 𝜇 < 3.53 + 0.100
2.398 < 𝜇 < 3.022

(xv) Analysis and Comment

Based on the result obtained, average of the respondents seldom skip class or skip class
once a week. The factors that they skipped classes maybe are overslept, have other non-
academic activities and not interested in the subject.