INTRODUCTION TO

GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

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• The term Geomatics is an acronym formed by
“Geo” that means the Earth, while the term “matics”
refers to the information.

• It defined as the science, art, and technology of

determining the relative positions of points above,
on, or beneath the earth’s surface, or establishing
such points. (Ghilani and Wolf,2008)

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• Geomatics engineering is a modern discipline,
which integrates acquisition, modelling, analysis,
and management of spatially referenced data, i.e.
data identified according to their locations.

• It uses terrestrial, marine, airborne, and satellite-

based sensors to acquire spatial and other data. It
normally transforms the spatially referenced data
from different sources into common information
systems.

• Geomatics is a new term that formerly known as

surveying.
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• The science and art of making all essential
measurement in space to determine the relative
positions and points and/or physical and cultural
details above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface
and to depict them in usable form, or to establish
the position of points and/ or details.(ASCE &
ACSM)

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• To prepare a topographical map.
• To prepare an engineering map
• To prepare a military map
• To prepare a contour map
• To prepare a geological map
• To prepare an archeological map.
• To prepare a cadastral map

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Plane surveying
• The curvature of earth is not taken into consideration. Thus it
is treats as a flat plane.
• The instrument is always leveled according to the center of
the earth (gravity level/plumb bob).
• Only appropriate for smaller areas.
(less than 250 km2)

Geodetic surveying
• The curvature of the earth is taken into consideration.
• Used for the area exceeding the 250 km2
• Used mostly for national mapping programs/national
boundaries.
• Very precise surveys of great magnitude.
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Topographic surveys
• Preliminary survey-natural & manmade
surface features of an area.

Hydrographic surveys
• Preliminary survey-underwater
features to surface control points
(shorelines, marine features, water
depth)

Route surveys
• Preliminary, layout and control survey
for narrow-long strip of land (highway,
railroads, electric transmission lines,
channel)

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Property surveys
• Preliminary, layout and control survey
involve in determine boundary
location/laying out new property boundary

Construction surveys
Layout survey for engineering works

Final (as-built) surveys

• Similar to preliminary survey
• Provide final record of constructed features
has proceed according to design plan

Aerial surveys
• Preliminary and final survey using aerial
photography and imagery. Use of digital
camera, lidar, radar
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Commonly used in field surveying are:
• Total Station
• Level & Rod
• Theodolite
• Steel Tape

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Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Navigation and identify the coordinate of certain
location.

Remote Sensing Technique

• Using satellite image

Geographical Information System (GIS)

• Computer technology used GIS for data analysis,
storage and updating the database.

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Geographic reference
• Earth reference system – denoted by geographic lines of latitude and longitude
• Latitude - run east/west (parallel to equator)
• Longitude – run north/south converging at the pole
• Use in navigation and geodesy

Grid reference
• Grid system for a states/province
• Ease of calculation (plane geometry) and availability datum for large area
(thousand miles)

Legal reference
• Township subdivide by section and ranges (lot) that unique numbered

Vertical reference
• Can be reference to any datum. Datum most used are Mean Sea Level (MSL).
• MSL is assigned an elevation of 0 ft or 0 meter.

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THANK YOU

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