HEAT TRANSFER Assignment 2

Steady State Heat Conduction

1. Derive an expression under one dimensional steady state heat conduction for temperature
distribution for plane wall or Slab.
2. Derive an expression for temperature distribution under one dimensional steady state heat
conduction and without internal heat generation for a hollow cylinder or tube.
3. Find the log mean are for a hollow cylinder. What is its purpose?
4. Derive an expression for temperature distribution under one dimensional steady state heat
conduction for a hollow sphere.
5. Find the log mean area for hollow sphere
6. Explain electrical analogy for heat transfer. Find thermal resistance for conduction and
convection heat transfer.
7. Write the expression for thermal resistance of cylindrical wall.
8. Write the expression for thermal resistance of spherical wall.
9. Define overall heat transfer coefficient? Write the overall heat transfer coefficient for a plane
wall.
10. Draw the analogous electric circuit of heat flow for a complex composite wall as shown in figure
below

B E

A D

C F G

11. What is thermal contact resistance?

12. Find the heat transfer through a composite sphere. ( draw only the electrical network for the
thermal system and write the heat loss equation)

Note: Draw the equivalent electrical network of the thermal System wherever necessary.

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 HEAT TRANSFER Assignment 2

13) The temperature distribution at certain instant of time in a plane wall is 50cm thick is given by the
relation T = 450 – 500x + 100x2 + 150 x3, where temperature T is in degree celsius and x in
meters measured from the hot surface at 4500C. The thermal conductivity of the wall material is
10W/mK. Calculate the rate of heat energy stored per unit area of the wall at that instant of time.
14) The wall of a building is a composite consisting of 250mm layer of common brick (k = 0.72
W/mK) and 10mm layers of Gypsum plaster (k = 0.12 W/mK) on both the sides of the bricks.
During a hot day (at steady state), the temperature of outside plaster (exposed to the ambient air)
is 400C and the temperature of the inside plaster (exposed to the inside air) is 25 0C. Find (i) the
heat flow through the wall per unit area of the wall (ii) the temperature of the interface of brick
and outside plaster.
15) One side of the plane wall is maintained at 1000C while other side is exposed to a convection
environment having T = 100C and h = 10 W/m2K. The wall has the dimensions of 3mx5m, has
k= 1.6 W/mK and is 40cm thick. Calculate heat transfer rate through the wall.
16) The total thickness of a furnace wall which is made of an inner layer of fire brick covered with a
layer of insulation is 32cm. Thermal conductivities of fire brick and the insulation are 0.84 and
0.16 W/mK respectively. The furnace temperature is 13250C and the temperature of surrounding
is 250C. Calculate the thickness of the fire brick and that of the insulation for minimum heat loss
through the wall. Assume the maximum heat loss through the wall. Assume that the maximum
temperature in the insulating material should not exceed 12000C.
17) A mild steel tank of wall thickness 10mm contains water at 900C where atmospheric temperature
is 150C. The thermal conductivity of mild steel is 50W/mK and heat transfer coefficient for the
inside and outside of the tank are 2800 and 11 W/m2K respectively. Calculate:
(i) The rate of heat loss per unit area of tank surface
(ii) Temperature of the outside surface of the tank.
18) Two aluminium plates 5mm thick with ground roughness of 2.54mm are bolted together with a
contact pressure of 20 bar. The overall temperature difference across the plate is 800C. Calculate
the temperature drop across the contact joint. The contact resistance of the joint is estimated to be
0.88 x 10-4 m2 K/m and the thermal conductivity of aluminium is 202 W/mK.

19) A composite wall is made of different slabs as shown in figure. If the heat flow is one
dimensional, find the heat transfer per unit area. The temperature between the two sides 6000C
and 1000C. Thickness of wall A, B, C, D are 10cm each. And the thermal conductivity of wall A,
B, C, D are 50, 100,25, 10 W/mK.

B
A D
C
20) A square plate heater of surface area 200 cm2 is inserted between two slabs of a same surface
area. Slab –I is 1cm thick with k=50 W/mK. And slab - II is 2cm thick with k = 100 W/mK. If the
outside heat transfer coefficient on side I and side II are 50 and 100 W/m2K respectively and

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 HEAT TRANSFER Assignment 2

surrounding temperature of air is 300C, find the maximum temperature of the system. The rating
of heater is 1kW.

21) A refrigerator having inside dimension of 0.5m x 0.5m x 1m height is maintained at 60C. The
walls of the refrigerator are constructed from two mild steel sheets 3mm thick (k= 46.5 W/mK)
with 50mm glass wool insulation (k= 0.460 W/m) between them. The average heat transfer
coefficient at the inner and outer surface are 11.6 and 14.5 W/m2K respectively. The surrounding
temperature is 250C. Find the rate at which heat must be removed from the interior and the
temperature at outer surface of the refrigerator.

22) A 50cm diameter pipeline in the arctic carries hot oil at 300C and it is exposed to surrounding
temperature of – 200C. Special powder insulation 50mm thick having a thermal conductivity of 7
x 10-3 W/mK surrounding pipe. The film heat transfer coefficient on the outside of the pipe is 12
W/m2K. Calculate the rate of heat loss from the pipe per meter length, neglecting thermal
resistance of the pipeline.
23) A standard iron pipe having 5cm inner diameter and 2.5mm of thickness is insulated with
magnesium insulation ( k = 0.02 W/mK). Temperatures at the interface between the pipe and the
insulation is 3000C. The permissible heat loss through the pipe is 600 W/m and the temperature
of the outer surface of the insulation in not allowed to exceed 100 0C. Calculate the minimum
thickness of insulation required and the temperature of inside surface of the pipe.
24) A 20cm diameter, 1.2m long cylinder loses heat from its periphery surface by convection. Surface
temperature is constant at 1000C and the field temperature is constant at 200C. The average
convection heat transfer coefficient over the surface of the cylinder is 20 W/m2K. Find the heat
transfer.

Transient Heat Conduction

1. What is transient or Unsteady heat conduction?

2. What is a lumped heat capacity system? What are the assumptions for lumped capacity analysis?
When it is applicable.
3. What is Biot number? Explain its physical significance.
4. What is Fourier number? Explain its physical significance.
5. Find the expression of cooling of a lumped body
Or
Find the temperature- time history of a lumped body
Or

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 HEAT TRANSFER Assignment 2

Show that for lumped heat capacity system

6. Find the expression for heat transfer from a lumped body?

7. What is time constant? Explain the significance of time constant?
8. Find the characteristic length in transient heat conduction for the following
(i) Plane wall of thickness 2L
(ii) Long cylinder of radius r
(iii) Sphere of radius r
(iv) Cube of side L
(v) Solid cylinder of radius and length L

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