x = A sin (ωt + α) (1)

2π
ω= (2)
T
1
T= (3)
f
r
k
ω= (4)
m
1 1
K = mv2 = mω2 A2 cos2 (ωt + α) (5)
2 2
1
K = mω2 A2 − x2


(6)
2
1 1
U = kx2 = mω2 x2 (7)
2 2
s
2 v20
A = x0 + 2 (8)
ω

d2x
2
+ ω2 x = 0 (9)
dt
b
γ= (10)
2m

d2x dx
+ 2γ + ω20 x = 0 (11)
dt 2 dt

x(t) = A1 e−(γ−q)t + A2 e−(γ+q)t (12)

x(t) = e−γt (A + Bt) (13)

q
ωd = ω20 − γ2 (14)

x(t) = Ae−γt sin(ωd t + φ0 ) (15)

1
τ= (16)
2γ
1 t
E = mω20 A2 e− τ (17)
2
 
E ωd
Q = 2π = ωd τ = (18)
|∆E| ciclo 2γ
∆ω 1
= (19)
ω0 Q

d2x dx
2
+ 2γ + ω20 x = F0 cos ω f t (20)
dt dt
F0 /m
A = r 2 (21)
ω20 − ω2f + 4γ2 ω2f
 2γω f
tan δ = (22)
ω20 − ω2f

y(x,t) = f (x ∓ vt) (23)

2π
k= (24)
λ
λ ω
v = λf = = (25)
T k

y(x,t) = ym sin (kx − ωt − φ) (26)

∂2y 1 ∂2y
= (27)
∂t 2 v2 ∂x2
s
T
v= (28)
µ
s
B
v= (29)
ρ
r
T
v = 331 1+ (30)
273
∆E P
I= = (31)
∆t∆A ∆A
1 (∆Pm ax)2
I = ρv(ωsm ax)2 = (32)
2 2ρv
P
I= (33)
4πr2
 
I
β = 10 log (34)
10−12
 
0 v ± vo
f =f (35)
v∓vf
   
φ φ
y = 2A cos sin kx − ωt + (36)
2 2

∆r = nλ (37)

nλ
∆r = (38)
2

y = 2A sin kx cos ωt (39)

nλ
x= (40)
2
nλ
x= (41)
4
s
n T
fn = (42)
2L µ
 ~E(x,t) = jˆEmax cos(kx ∓ ωt) (43)

~B(x,t) = k̂Bmax cos(kx ∓ ωt) (44)

1 1 1 c
v= √ = √ √ =√ (45)
εµ KKm ε0 µ0 KKm
1 1 2
u = ε0 E 2 + B = ε0 E 2 (46)
2 2µ0
1 dU ε0
S= = ε0 cE 2 = √ E2 (47)
A dt ε0 µ0
r
ε0 2 EB
S == E = (48)
µ0 µ0

~S = 1 ~E × ~B (49)
µ0
2
Emax Bmax Emax
I = S prom = = (50)
2µ0 2µ0 c
r
1 ε0 2 1 2
I = S prom = Emax = ε0 cEmax (51)
2 µ0 2
dp EB S
= = (52)
dV µ0 c2 c2
1 d p S EB
= = (53)
A dt c µ0 c
I
prad = (54)
c
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1)(n − 1) 3
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + x +··· (55)
2! 3!
2
IEs f era = MR2 (56)
5