Gabriel Guevara M.

Paralelo: 1

Failure under mechanical loading

Fatigue Creep Fracture

Material type Metal and polymers Ceramics, polymers and Ceramics, polymers and
metals metals

Failure test Bending stress Compressive constant load Impact

Crack displacement

 Stress  High temperature  Overload in

Influential concentration  High stress structures
factors  Abrupt changes  Material casting error  Large discontinuities
of section
 Cracks

Warning signal No warning Visible due slow Imminent

deformation
Rapidly on brittle and
Failure process Rapidly Slowly Slowly in ductile
flow

 Repeated cyclic  Displacements  Development of

load deferred in time due to certain displacement
 As a crack grows a load discontinuity surfaces
the stress on the  Sliding of grains, within the solid.
Mechanism cross section formation of cavities  stress concentration
increases until it along edges of grains. at flaws
reach enough to
cause the
fracture
 Ductile fracture has a
grey and fibrous
 Lack of plastic  Failures may appear in appearance
deformation in a ductile or brittle  Visible plastic
macroscopic manner. deformation on brittle
Important scale  The failure fracture
feature  Smooth area in temperature would be  Brittle fracture has
fracture surface 40% above the melting low energy release
point  Very little plastic
deformation on brittle
fracture