CE 386

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Chapter-3
Structural Design of Reinforced
Concrete Frame
 Transfering the slab loads to the beams

One-way slab: m  2 Two-way slab: m  2

Case I : ll  ls
A ls ls ls ls
Triangular
dist.

ll Trapezoidal
ll dist.

450

B
1 2 3 Case II : ll  ls

Triangular
dist.
Uniform
distribution
450
 5m 5m 5m
D h=14 cm
1m 1m 1m
4m Pd=1.0 t/m2

450
C
<<<< EXAMPLE: Let’s consider
a plan of a building
6m 1m 1m 1m

450
B
2m
A
1 2 3 4

1x(A-D) axis:

Upstair floor columns

no
load

Downstair floor columns

D C B A
Bx(1-5) axis:


Pd t / m 2  2l  P 22 t / m  P
d d
ls
2
??? (Questionable)

1 2 3 5
 •Would it be possible that, triangular or trapezoidal load can be converted into uniformly
distributed load ?


ls
Pd
2 
Pd t / m  Pd t / m 2  l3 equivalent distribute d load 
s

triangular
equivalent

 l 
   l3  32  1 
ls
Pd Pd t / m  Pd t / m 2 s
 m  l 
2
 2m 2   ls 
trapezoid
equivalent

To convert t/m2 (slab load) into t/m (beam load), use a suitable factor as shown above…
 Kiriş atalet momentleri
Flanged beams
b=bw+0.2 lp
lp = a . l
b<= bw+12t
a=0.6 edge span in continuous beams
a= 0.8 inner span in continuous beams

b=bw+0.1 lp a =1 simply supported beams

b<= bw+6t a= 1.5 cantilevers

After transfering the slab loads to the beams,
it is required that the beam loads should be converted to reactions
such as end and mid moments as well as end shear forces.

For this, actually PCA method is utilized.

Let’s go into details for that…
 Example: PCA method 5 story reinforced concrete building

5
5m 5m 5m 5m

5m
40*40 3 3*5=15m

h= 12cm 2
6m
3m

5m
5m 6m 5m

Elevation view
Plan view

l 600  Slab load (equivalent):

h   50cm 
12 12 
 Beams 25 x50cm Pd(t/m2) gd: (t/m2)
h 50
bw    25cm 
2 2  Pd : (t/m2)
1.4G+1.6Q
After factoring
A B C D

5m 6m 5m

b
12
1
1 50 I bw h 3 .2
h
I  bh 3 12
12
b 25

•The moment of inertia of flanged section is approximately twice that of rectangular’s.

 The most unfavorable loading conditions

• To calculate the bending

moment for a support, live load
is applied to left and right hand
-Mmax sides. Moreover, checker board
+Mmax
loading conditions is considered
for other spans.

-Mmax
 1
I beam  * 2.5 * 53 * 2  52dm 4
12
1
I column  * 4 * 43  21.3dm 4
12
I 52
LAB 50
DK AB    0.42
I  I  I 52  21. 3  21. 3
LAB L bottomcolumn Ltopcolumn 50 30 30
52
DK BA  50  0.31
52  52  21.3  21.3
50 60 30 30
52
DK BC  60  0.26
52  52  21.3  21.3
50 60 30 30
BEAM FEM: 1/12

1 1
M  Pd l 2 , M  Pd l 2
12 24
1/24
gd=2 t/m gd=2,5 t/m
qd=1t/m qd=1,2t/m

1
 M AB g d  * 2 * 52  4.17 tm
12
1
 M AB pd  * 3 * 52  6.25 tm ,  M AB pd  3.13 tm
12
1
 M BC g d  * 2.5 * 62  7.5 tm
12
1
 M BC pd  * 3.7 * 62  11.1tm ,  M BC pd  5.5 tm
12
 A 5m B 6m C 5m D

DK 0.42 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.31 0.42

(DL) Mg 4.17 -4.17 7.5 -7.5 4.17 -4.17
(DL+LL)MP 6.25 -6.25 11.1 -11.1 6.25 -6.25
1 3
2 4
Distribution -0.19 -1.3 0.9 -0.9 1.3 0.19
Sum 6.06 -7.55 12.0 -12.0 7.55 -6.06
Balance -2.54 -1.38 -1.16
Sum 3.52 -8.93 10.84

 1
1)  6.25  7.50.31    0.19
 2
1
2) (6.25  0)(0.42)( )  1.3
2
 1
3) 11.1  4.17 0.26     0.9
 2
 1
4)  11.1  4.17 0.26     0.9
 2
 Balance

M1 M2

A  M  6.06  0  6.06 tm 
 A balance : 6.06  2.54  3.52 tm
 M  6.06 * 0.42  2.54 tm 

B  M  12  7.55  4.45 tm
 M 1  4.45 * 0.31  1.38 tm
 M 2  4.45 * 0.26  1.16 tm

For mid span:

M
 M AB 
1
Pd l 2  1  DK )   3.13  0.19 1  0.42   1.3 (1  0.31)  4.11tm
24 2 2 2
 M BC  5.5 
0.9
1  0.26  0.9 1  0.26  6.7 tm
2 2
 Drawing of the beam moments along the given axis:

10,84 10,84
8,93 8,93
3,52 3,52

1 2

Evaluation of the moments at the first joint:

I 21.3
l up 30
1 M columnupper  M  3.52 *  1.76 tm
I  I 21.3 21.3
lup llover 
3,52 tm 30 30
3,52
M columnlower  M  M up  1.76 tm
M  0
 10,84 10,84
8,93 8,93
3,52 3,52

1 2

Evaluation of the moments at the second joint:

M  0
2
M  10.84  8.93  1.91tm
1.91
M columnupper  M columnlower   0.95 tm
8,93 10,84 2
 Calculations of shear forces:
5
Pd= 3 t/m
M  0 8.93  3.52  3 * 5 *  VB .5  0
2
A B VB  8.58 t
F
5m 8.93
3.52
Y 0 VA  8.58  3 * 5  0
VA VB
VA  6.42t

A B C D
 Pd= 3.7 t/m 6
MB  0 10.84  10.84  3.7 *6*  VC *6  0
2
B C
VC  11.1t
6m 10.84
10.84
VB VC FY 0 VB  11.1  3.7 *6  0
VB  11.1t

A B C D
Drawing of shear forces:

11,1
6,42 8,58

A B C D
8,58 6,42
11,1
(in tones)

So, the beam design can be performed after obtaining critical moments and shear forces.
As well as it is possible to design each column of the structure.