WL Module 1 2 Unit 1 The Dangers of Being Overweight

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THE DANGERS OF BEING

OVERWEIGHT
Weight gain and health risks
Introduction
2
Here’s what you’ll learn in this unit:

 What clinical weight loss is
 Fat gain: From survival advantage to survival

disadvantage
 The weight gain battle
 Health complications of excess body fat

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 Why portion control isn’t the answer
 What makes people overweight
 Do lean people live longer?

What’s clinical weight loss?
3
 Clinical weight loss is when a person’s body weight

reduction occurs as the result of implementing a
personalised programme delivered by a professional
through the use of healthy and scientifically proven
techniques.
 A clinical weight loss programme includes the regular
monitoring of body composition changes and is commonly
designed to help a person reach an optimal weight for

health promotion and disease prevention.
 Its foundation is a scientific approach to fat loss, which
may also include the application of behavioural strategies
to promote autonomous motivation for change and
positive weight control.
Your learning experience
4
Throughout your course, you’ll learn how to:

 calculate optimal weight
 conduct a body composition analysis
 plan a personalised weight control diet
 use diaries and client interviewing as motivational tools

 put forward nutritional strategies that work
 detect suspected weight gain factors, from stress to food

intolerances and toxic load
 apply principles of weight loss psychology
Now, let’s compare clinical weight loss with general dieting.

Clinical Weight Loss vs. Dieting
5
Clinical Weight Loss Dieting

Based on medically approved May not necessarily use body
body composition parameters composition parameters such as
Measurements such as BMI, weight, height, body weight but subjective
body fat mass, lean mass, perception instead (clothing
visceral circumference. size, body image, feelings).
Rigorous and regular No required progress tracking.

Progress tracking monitoring of body composition May not consistently record

changes and data capturing. data.
Evidence-based. Use of Trend-based. Use of popular

credible sources of information. websites or books. Includes
Evidence-based journals, books homeopathic, holistic, or
Diet and nutrition
or websites. Concepts widely alternative methods. May not
accepted by the medical use medically proven concepts
community (e.g. calories). (e.g. calories).
World Health Organisation stats
6
 Today, an estimated 1.46 billion adults worldwide are

overweight and at least 500 million adults are obese.
 WHO overweight means: BMI ≥ 25 and obese: BMI ≥ 30.
 Once associated with developed countries, obesity is now
also prevalent in developing countries.
 3 million people each year die as a result of obesity and
associated comorbidities.
 According to WHO projections, by 2015, approximately
2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700
million obese – a lot of people you can potentially help!
Source: World Health Organisation Fact Sheet No311 Obesity

A survival disadvantage?
7
 Excess body fat is what makes you overweight or obese –

rather than having heavy muscles or bones.
 One would say that those who genetically store fat more
efficiently may have had a survival advantage thousands
of years ago when food was scarce, or in a famine.
 However, in today’s modern food environment they are
the ones with the survival disadvantage.

Did you know?
8
People whose
parents are obese
have a tenfold
increased risk of
being obese…
… However
9
Obese families
tend to even have
obese pets.
This is obviously
not genetic !
The weight gain battle
10
 People in developed and developing countries have the

luxury of bombarding themselves with nutrient-deficient,
high-calorie foods, often called “empty-calorie foods”.
 Empty-calorie foods mean that they are deficient in vital
nutrients and fibre.
 More of us than ever before are eating these high-calorie
foods while remaining inactive – a dangerous

combination.
 The obesity epidemic is spiralling in the modern world,
and it’s considered to be the number one health problem.
 Excess body fat can lead to serious health problems, as
well as shorten your life expectancy.
A heavy reality…
11
It is estimated that
there are around
35,000 obesity-
related deaths in
England each year.

This accounts for one
in every 16 deaths…
The risks of obesity
12
Being obese increases the risk of developing a number of

serious and potentially life-threatening diseases, e.g.
 Type 2 diabetes
 heart disease
 some types of cancer, such as breast or colon
 brain stroke
This poses a serious challenge to General Practitioners

(GPs). Medical systems as they are today don’t make an
impact on the long-term weight loss in most patients. This is
why the role of a Clinical Weight Loss specialist is so
important.
There’s more…
13
 If you are obese, you are also more

likely to develop complications in
pregnancy, such as gestational
diabetes or pre-eclampsia (which is
when a woman experiences a
potentially dangerous rise in blood
pressure during pregnancy).
In addition, obesity can damage your quality of life and can

often trigger depression.
Excess body fat
14
 Did you know that being overweight

and having excess body fat
are two different things?
 For instance, a professional bodybuilder may fall on the
“overweight” category per the Body Mass Index, but
typically carries a very small percentage of body fat.
 On the other hand, you may be a “normal weight” person

with a very high percentage of body fat for your height
and weight! (We’ll look at this in more detail later on.)
 Carrying a large percentage of body fat increases your
risk of health problems. We list some of them on the next
page.
Complications of excess body fat
15
 High blood pressure (hypertension) – this is a major risk

factor for developing a serious cardiovascular disease (a
condition that affects the heart and the circulation of blood
around the body)
 Infertility
 Asthma
 Osteoarthritis – a condition that affects the joints
 Back pain
 Liver disease
 Kidney disease
 Sleep apnoea – a condition that causes interrupted
breathing during sleep
 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and gastro-intestinal
diseases
Why portion control isn’t the answer
16
 For the majority of people, being overweight is not caused

by how much they eat but by what they eat!
 The theory that people get heavy because they consume a
high volume of food is incomplete.
 Fact: eating large amounts of the right type of food has
been shown to be the key to weight loss success and what
makes new eating habits workable for the rest of your life.
What makes people overweight
17
 What makes people overweight is not that they eat so

much more, but that they get a higher percentage of their
calories from low-nutrient foods, such as sugar, refined
carbohydrates, and non-essential fats.
 A high-calorie, low-nutrient diet that is very low in fibre
establishes a favourable cellular environment for weight
gain and for disease to flourish.
 Regardless one’s metabolism or genetics, your client can

achieve a normal weight once they start a high-nutrient
diet – something that we’ll cover later on in your course.
 The good news: even those with a strong family history of
obesity will effectively lose weight with the appropriate
dietary modifications!
Did you know?
18
It’s estimated that 1 in 4 people in

the UK are obese. Meanwhile, GPs
have been measuring up how many
(or perhaps that should be how
few) obese patients pass through
their clinics during a little over a

year: around 4.4 million. Although
the UK has more than 12 million
obese people!
Do lean people live longer?
19
 In a popular Nurses’ Health Study, researchers examined

the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and
mortality from 115,195 women over the course of 16
years:
 After limiting the analysis to non-smokers, it was very
clear that the longest-lived women were the leanest.
 Dr I-Min Lee, of the Harvard School of Public Health,

confirmed in a 27-year study the direct relationship
between body weight and mortality:
 The thinnest fifth of men experienced the lowest
mortality, and mortality increased progressively with
heavier and heavier weight.
Test Your Knowledge!
20
List 3 things that Clinical Weight Loss is, and 3 things that it isn’t:
Clinical Weight Loss is … Clinical Weight Loss isn’t …

Measurements
Progress tracking
Diet and nutrition

Test Your Knowledge!
21
What are the health risks of excess body fat?
Portion control isn’t the answer because …

What’s causing the obesity epidemic? List 3 reasons:
What makes people overweight?

Additional Resources
22
 WHO Fact Sheet No.311

 Britain: the fat man of Europe. NHS Choices.
 Obesity stats for England are alarming. NHS Choices.
 Obesity. NHS Choices.
 Complications of Obesity. NHS Choices.
 Very overweight children: advice for parents. NHS Choices.
 Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet - England, 2013.

www.hscic.gov.uk Health & Social Care Information Centre.
 N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 14;333(11):677-85. Body weight and
mortality among women.
 JAMA. 1993 Dec 15;270(23):2823-8. Body weight and
mortality. A 27-year follow-up of middle-aged men.
Useful Websites
23
Here’s a list of go-to websites for when you need additional information:
 Food Standards Agency www.food.gov.uk
 American Dietetic Association www.eatright.org
 British Dietetic Association https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts
 NHS Choices http://www.nhs.uk/Pages/HomePage.aspx
 Drink Aware https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/
 Vegetarian Society www.vegsoc.org

 Diabetes UK www.diabetes.org.uk
 The Mayo Clinic www.mayoclinic.com
 WebMD www.webmd.com
 Beat (Beat Eating Disorders) www.b-eat.co.uk

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Copyright - TheHealthSciencesAcademy.

THE DANGERS OF BEING

Here’s what you’ll learn in this unit:

 Fat gain: From survival advantage to survival

 Health complications of excess body fat

 Why portion control isn’t the answer

 What makes people overweight

 Do lean people live longer?

 Clinical weight loss is when a person’s body weight

designed to help a person reach an optimal weight for

Throughout your course, you’ll learn how to:

 conduct a body composition analysis

 plan a personalised weight control diet

 use diaries and client interviewing as motivational tools

 put forward nutritional strategies that work

 detect suspected weight gain factors, from stress to food

Now, let’s compare clinical weight loss with general dieting.

Clinical Weight Loss Dieting

Rigorous and regular No required progress tracking.

Progress tracking monitoring of body composition May not consistently record

Evidence-based. Use of Trend-based. Use of popular

 Today, an estimated 1.46 billion adults worldwide are

Source: World Health Organisation Fact Sheet No311 Obesity

 Excess body fat is what makes you overweight or obese –

the ones with the survival disadvantage.

 People in developed and developing countries have the

foods while remaining inactive – a dangerous

England each year.

Being obese increases the risk of developing a number of

 some types of cancer, such as breast or colon

This poses a serious challenge to General Practitioners

 If you are obese, you are also more

pressure during pregnancy).

In addition, obesity can damage your quality of life and can

 Did you know that being overweight

 On the other hand, you may be a “normal weight” person

 High blood pressure (hypertension) – this is a major risk

 For the majority of people, being overweight is not caused

 What makes people overweight is not that they eat so

 Regardless one’s metabolism or genetics, your client can

It’s estimated that 1 in 4 people in

their clinics during a little over a

 In a popular Nurses’ Health Study, researchers examined

 Dr I-Min Lee, of the Harvard School of Public Health,

Clinical Weight Loss is … Clinical Weight Loss isn’t …

Diet and nutrition

What are the health risks of excess body fat?

Portion control isn’t the answer because …

What’s causing the obesity epidemic? List 3 reasons:

What makes people overweight?

 WHO Fact Sheet No.311

 Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet - England, 2013.

 Vegetarian Society www.vegsoc.org

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