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Consonants Organised by Place of Articulation Features.
LABIALS
p b ɸ β m w f v ɱ ʋ
bilabial + + + + + +
labial + + + + + + + + + +
labiodental + + + +
CORONALS
t̪ d̪ θ ð n̪ l̪
(Dentals)
anterior + + + + + +
coronal + + + + + +
distributed + + + + + +
(Alveolars) t̪ d̪ s z n̪ l̪ r ɾ ɹ
anterior + + + + + + + + +
coronal + + + + + + + + +
distributed
(Retroflexes) ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ ɳ ɭ ɽ ɺ
anterior
coronal + + + + + + + +
distributed
(Palatals) c ɟ c ʝ ʃ ʒ ɲ ʎ j
anterior
coronal + + + + + + + + +
distributed + + + + + + + + +
DORSALS &
PHARYNGEALS
(Velars) k ɡ x ɣ ŋ ɰ
ʟ
dorsal + + + + + + +
(Uvulars) q ɢ χ ʁ ɴ ʀ
dorsal + + + + + +
pharyngeal + + + + + +
(Pharyngeals) ħ ʕ
1
pharyngeal + +
LARYNGEALS
ʔ h ɦ
constricted glottis +
spread glottis + +
2
Consonants Organised by Manner of Articulation Features.
STOPS p b t̪ d̪ t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ c ɟ
consonantal + + + + + + + + + +
continuant
nasal
sonorant
voice + + + + +
k ɡ q ɢ ʔ
consonantal + + + + +
continuant
nasal
sonorant
voice + +
FRICATIVES ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʂ ʐ ʃ
consonantal + + + + + + + + + + +
continuant + + + + + + + + + + +
nasal
sonorant
strident + + + + + + +
voice + + + + +
ʒ c ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
consonantal + + + + + + + + + + +
continuant + + + + + + + + + + +
nasal
sonorant
strident + + +
voice + + + + + +
NASALS m ɱ n̪ n̪ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
consonantal + + + + + + + +
continuant
nasal + + + + + + + +
sonorant + + + + + + + +
voice + + + + + + + +
LIQUIDS l̪ l̪ ɭ r ɾ ɽ ʎ ʀ
ʟ
consonantal + + + + + + + + +
continuant + + + + + + + +
lateral + + + + +
nasal
sonorant + + + + + + + + +
voice + + + + + + + + +
3
APPROXIMANTS w ʋ ɹ ɺ j ɰ
consonantal
continuant + + + + + +
nasal
sonorant + + + + + +
voice + + + + + +
Feature Specifications for Vowels.
All vowels are [consonantal, +continuant, +sonorant].
All vowels are [nasal, +voice], unless otherwise specified.
i ɪ e ɛ æ y ø œ ɶ ɨ ə ɜ ɐ a
ATR + - + - + + - - + - + -
back - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
fron̪t̪ + + + + + + + + + - - - - -
high + + - - - + - - - + - - - -
l̪ow - - - - + - - - + - - - + +
roun̪d̪ - - - - - + + + + - - - - -
ʉ ɵ ɞ u o ɔ ɒ ɯ ɤ ʌ ɑ
ʊ
ATR + + + - + - + + -
back - - - + + + + + + + + +
fron̪t̪ - - - - - - - - - - - -
high + - - + + - - - + - - -
l̪ow - - - - - - - + - - - +
roun̪d̪ + + + + + + + + - - - +
4
5
6