Churikov Eng

The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups
(The CFSG)
Dmitriy Churikov
Novosibirsk State University
1/6
Algebraic group
An algebraic structure G = hG , ◦i with binary operation

◦ : G × G → G is called a group, if
for any a, b, c ∈ G , a ◦ (b ◦ c) = (a ◦ b) ◦ c,
there exists an e ∈ G such that a ◦ e = e ◦ a = a for all a ∈ G
(e is a neutral element).
for any a ∈ G , there is an element a−1 ∈ G such that
a−1 ◦ a = a ◦ a−1 = e,
A group G = hG , ◦i is finite, if |G | < ∞.
2/6
Examples of groups
Z = h{..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...}, +i is a group with 0 as a neutral

element,
Z2 = h{..., −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, ...}, +i is a group with 0 as a
neutral element (Z2 ⊂ Z),
R = hR \ {0}, ∗i is a group with 1 as a neutral element,
3/6
Examples of groups
Z = h{..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...}, +i is a group with 0 as a neutral

element,
Z2 = h{..., −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, ...}, +i is a group with 0 as a
neutral element (Z2 ⊂ Z),
R = hR \ {0}, ∗i is a group with 1 as a neutral element,
hsymmetries of a regular polygon, composition of symmetriesi
is a group with ’doing nothing’ as a neutral element.
3/6
’Factorization’ of groups
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic

Every positive integer can be factored into a product of primes in
exactly one way (aside from rearranging the factors).
So we have prime numbers to be ’atoms’ of all positive integers.
4/6
’Factorization’ of groups
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic

Every positive integer can be factored into a product of primes in
exactly one way (aside from rearranging the factors).
So we have prime numbers to be ’atoms’ of all positive integers.

Similar to positive integers, every finite group can be ’factored’
into a ’product’ of the so-called simple groups.
Finite simple group problem (Holder, 1890)

Characterize in some way all finite simple groups.
4/6
A brief history of The CSFG
1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

groups.
5/6

groups.
1870 Camille Jordan (1838 – 1922) published a paper, where he
listed all known at that time finite simple groups.
5/6

groups.
1890 Otto Holder (1859 - 1937) put The CFSG problem.
5/6

groups.
1911 William Burnside (1852 – 1927) conjectured that almost all
finite simple group has even size.
5/6

groups.
1972 Daniel Gorenstein (1923 – 1992) proposed a 16-step pro-
gram for classifying finite simple groups.
5/6

groups.
1982 Robert Griess (1945) constructed the Monster by hand
(|M| ≈ 8 ∗ 1053 ).
5/6

groups.
(|M| ≈ 8 ∗ 1053 ).
1983 Statement of The CFSG became so as we know it now.
5/6

groups.
(|M| ≈ 8 ∗ 1053 ).
2004 Michael Aschbacher (1944) filled the last gap in the classi-
fication known at that time.
5/6

groups.
(|M| ≈ 8 ∗ 1053 ).
2004 Michael Aschbacher (1944) filled the last gap in the classi-
fication known at that time.
2014 Minor gaps were filled.
5/6
The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups (1890 – 2014)
Let G be a finite simple group. Then G either
a cyclic group of prime order;
an alternating group of degree n ≥ 5;
a finite simple group of Lie type; or
one of 26 sporadic simple groups.
6/6
The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups (1890 – 2014)
Let G be a finite simple group. Then G either
a cyclic group of prime order;
an alternating group of degree n ≥ 5;
a finite simple group of Lie type; or
one of 26 sporadic simple groups.
Of course, The CFSG has a lot of great corollaries.

Since the proof of The CFSG is extremely long, it is a good idea to
simplify the proof of The CFSG (so-called ’next generation
classification’).
6/6

Churikov Eng

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Churikov Eng

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups

Novosibirsk State University

An algebraic structure G = hG , ◦i with binary operation

Z = h{..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...}, +i is a group with 0 as a neutral

Z = h{..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...}, +i is a group with 0 as a neutral

Fundamental theorem of arithmetic

So we have prime numbers to be ’atoms’ of all positive integers.

Fundamental theorem of arithmetic

So we have prime numbers to be ’atoms’ of all positive integers.

Finite simple group problem (Holder, 1890)

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

1832 Evariste Galois (1811 – 1832) noticed the way to ’factorize’

Of course, The CFSG has a lot of great corollaries.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi