CHAPTER - 8

CHAPTER 8 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Conclusions

1. Procurement methods available for building construction works can be divided

into

(i) Traditional methods.

(ii) Alternative methods.

Various types of contracts of the above two methods are described in detail in

chapter 2.

2. In Sri Lanka, the traditional bill of quantities (Measure and pay) types of

contracts are widely used in both the public and private sector in procuring

building construction works.

3. Number of conditions of contracts developed by different institutions are available

in the U.K. for different types of procurement methods. The important feature is

that the building and civil engineering contracts use different conditions of

contracts. The details are explained in chapter 3.

4. FIDIC 3 although intended for measure and pay type civil engineering works,

have been used for building construction works as well in other countries.

5. Problems arising from using FIDIC 3 for building works have been documented.

6. Conditions of contracts used in the public sector work are as follows:

(i) Tenders are international - Conditions of contracts are

FIDIC3/FIDIC4/Modified version of FIDIC 3 or 4.

120
 (ii) Tenders advertise locally:- Conditions of contract is I C T A D 89.

7. Building construction works of the private sector in Sri Lanka uses a modified

version of ICTAD 89, modified version of JCT conditions of contract or RIBA

conditions of contract.

8. Views expressed by professionals involved in the building construction industry

are given in chapter 6. The summary of the views are as follows

(i) About 55% think that the separate conditions of contract for building and

civil engineering construction works are not required. But 35% think

other way.

(ii) Most professionals indicated that it is acceptable to use FIDIC conditions

of contract for building construction works.

(iii) The ICTAD 89 clauses identified by the professionals for modifications

are the general clauses cover for both building and civil engineering

works. These clause numbers are 1, 15, 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 6 , 60, 67 and 7 0 .

(iv) Some consultants have not faced much problems with ICTAD 89. It may

be due to their limited exposure or modifications done in the part II.

9. If ICTAD 89 is to be well accepted by the industry it needs to be modified

considering various differences in building and civil engineering construction

works.

10. Building and civil engineering construction works have some different notable

characteristics. These are

121
In building construction works

(i) More specialist works

(ii) Various finishes, services and more sub-contract works

(iii) Nominated sub-contractor and nominated supplier involvement is

more than in civil engineering construction works

(iv) Measurements are based on SMM

(v) Design and supervision works are usually carried out by chartered

architects, structural engineers and services engineers

(vi) Client (employer) may be an individual or government

(vii) Quantity surveyors involvement here is more than in civil

engineering construction works

In civil engineering construction works

(i) Generally large foundations and massive earth moving operations

(ii) Take place mostly over wide areas

(iii) Measurements are based on CESMM or M M R B

(iv) Design and supervision works are usually carried out by chartered civil

engineers

(v) Client (employer) is mostly government

(vi) More concerned with controlling the natural environment

As a result of the literature survey, interviews, questionnaire survey and

comparison of selected conditions of contracts to review the ICTAD 89, the

comparison gave adequate information to review ICTAD 89.

The following are the summary from the comparison

122
 (i) 25 clauses of the ICTAD 89 can be used without any modifications.

These clause numbers are 5, 9, 13, 15, 18, 2 4 , 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 5 , 38, 4 1 , 4 3 ,

4 5 , 47, 54, 5 5 , 56, 57, 58, 6 1 , 62, 64, 65, 66 and 7 1 .

(ii) 12 clauses of the ICTAD 89 have to be replaced fully by the relevant

clause of FIDIC 4.

These clause numbers are 8, 10, 11, 2 3 , 2 9 , 3 3 , 36, 3 9 , 4 0 , 4 2 , 68 and

72.

(iii) 35 clauses of the ICTAD 89 have to be modified/revised.

These clause numbers are 1, 2, 3 , 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 2 0 , 2 1 ,

2 2 , 2 5 , 26, 27, 28, 30, 34, 37, 4 4 , 4 6 , 4 8 , 4 9 , 5 0 , 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 9 , 6 0 ,

63, 67, 69 and 70.

8.2 Recommendations

1. ICTAD should take steps to introduce, explain and solve problems arising of the ICTAD

conditions of contract to the private sector clients and consultants.

2. Periodic seminars should be held to discuss experiences and to identify revisions required

to the ICTAD 89.

3. A new conditions of contract for building construction works need to be prepared,

considering the following factors

(i) Local practices and views of the professionals involved in building construction

123
 works.

(ii) Financial regulations of the Government of Sri Lanka.

(iii) Involvement of Project manager.

(iv) Studying other conditions of contract (Make use of the comparison done in this

study).

4. Contractors should be taught and allowed to comment freely on any changes made by the

client/consultant in the ICTAD conditions of contract to safeguard their benefits.

5. There should be a national policy to use ICTAD conditions of contract without changing

its character and contents.

6. There should be separate conditions of contract for major and minor building construction

works.

7. ICTAD conditions of contract should be reviewed by a committee representing

consultants, clients and contractors in association with the ACCSL, the I C T A D , the

Institute of Architects, the Institution of Engineers and the Institute of Quantity

Surveyors.

124
REFERENCES
 REFERENCES

Austen, A.D. and Neale, R.H.(1990). "Managing Construction Projects - A Guide to Processes
and Procedures". Genova, International Labour Office, pp 5-33.

Balasooriya, B.M.A.(1991). "Building consultancy services in Sri Lanka". Seminar notes on

engineering consultancy and contracting practices in the SAARC region held in Colombo,
Organised by the Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka with Federation of Engineering Institutions
of South and Central Asia.

Balasooriya, B.M.A. (1992). "Historical aspects of the building industry in Sri Lanka".
Proceedings of a seminar on engineering research and development, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Peradeniya, (Jubilee 1942-92).

Campbell, Burt (1986). Lecture note delivered at the (World bank/UNDP/FIDIC/The

Association of Consulting Engineers, Sri Lanka) seminar held in Hotel Galadari Meridian,
Colombo.

De Mel, JayanUia (1990). Seminar notes on implementation of a formula method for

reimbursement of price fluctuations in construction contracts. ICTAD Seminar.

Dickason, Ivan (1985). "JCT 80 and the builder an introduction", CIOB publication.

Fernando, C.C.T.(1986). "Consulting practice in Sri Lanka". Lecture note delivered at the
(World bank/UNDP/FIDIC/The Association of Consulting Engineers, Sri Lanka) seminar held
in Hotel Galadari Meridian, Colombo.

FIDIC conditions of contract(International) for works of civil engineering construction, Third

edition, March 1977, FIDIC publication.

FIDIC conditions of contract for works of civil engineering construction, FourUi edition,
September 1987, FIDIC publication.
10. Ganeshan, S.(1991). "Development of the national construction industry - A case study of Sri
Lanka". An ICTAD publication in association with the world bank.

11. General conditions of contract for building and civil engineering- GC/WORKS/1 (Edition 3),
(Lump sum with quantities)(December 1989, Revised edition 1990),HMSO, Department of the
Environment Property Holdings, London.

12. "Guide to the use of FIDIC" (Fourth edition),(1989). Conditions of contract for works of civil
engineering construction, FIDIC publication.

13. Gunasekara, Mervyn. P. (1990) "Procuring construction projects in Sri Lanka - Contractor's view
point". Seminar notes on construction management of Asian Productivity Organisation conducted
by the ICTAD and the NI13M.

14. Hugh Clamp and Stanley Cox. (1990). Which contract? choosing the appropriate building
contract, RIBA publications.

15. ICE conditions of contract and forms of tender, agreement and bond for use in connection with
works of civil engineering construction, Filth edition (June 1973) (Reprinted January 1986).

16. ICTAD conditions of contract for building work, Sri Lanka. Unpublished document (Draft).

17. ICTAD conditions of contract (First edition - September 1986), CITP Publication No. SCA/1.

18. ICTAD conditions of contract (Revised edition - January 1989), ICTAD Publication No. SCA/1.

19. JCT Standard form of building contract 1980 edition (Local authorities with quantities), RIBA
publications Ltd, London.

20. Joachim, M.E.(1988). Survey report on construction industry in Sri Lanka (Phase 1)., Asian
Productivity Organisation.
21. Jones, Glyn P.(1979). " A new approach to the international civil engineering contract". New
York, The Construction Press Ltd.

22. Kulasinghe, A.N.S. (1986). "The Development of Consulting Engineering Practice in Sri Lanka".
Lecture note delivered at the (World bank/UNDP/FlDIC/ The Association of Consulting
Engineers, Sri Lanka) Seminar held in Hotel Galadari Meridian, Colombo.

23. Kumarasinghe, Jaliya and Kumarasinghe, Ananda (1990). "Country paper on the construction
industry in Sri Lanka". Seminar notes on construction management of Asian Productivity
Organisation conducted by the ICTAD and the NIBM.

24. Ramus, J.W.(1989). "Contract Practice for Quantity surveyors". Second edition,
U.K.,Heinemann, Newnes.

25. Ratnayake, A.(1991). "Contract administration practices in Sri Lanka". Seminar notes on
engineering consultancy and contracting practices in the SAARC region held in Colombo,
Organised by the Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka with Federation of Engineering Institutions
of South and Central Asia.

26. Rush Brooke, P.L. (1983). Working with FIDIC", A practical approach to its use in the Middle
East, CIOB publication.

27. Sawyer, John.G. and Arthur Gillott, C. (1990). "The FIDIC Digest - Contractual relationships,
responsibilities and claims under the fourth edition of the FIDIC conditions". First edition,
London, Thomas Telford Ltd.

28. Spiers, G.S.(1983). "The standard form of contract in times of change", CIOB publication.

29. Tissera, CH.de.(1990). "ICTAD Profile". Ministry of Policy Planning and Implementation.

30. Wallace, Duncan I.N. (1974). "The international civil engineering contract". First edition,
London, Sweet and Maxwell Ltd.
31. Weerakkody, Felix (1986). "Historical background of the construction industry in Sri Lanka".
Research paper submitted to the master of business administration degree at University of Sri
Jayawardanapura on managerial analysis of the construction industry in Sri Lanka.

32. Zylva, Eddie De., Weddikkara, Chitra., and Emmanuel, M.P.R.(1989). "Sri Lanka construction
industry in the 80's". (Project SRL/86/001-IDA/UNDP/ILO).
INTERVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS
 Professionals Participated in the Interviews a n d Discussions

No. Designation Organisation

1. Senior Architect Development Consultants Lanka

(Pvt.)Ltd.

2. Senior Partner Chandrasena & Partners

3. Chief Quantity Surveyor Design Consortium Ltd.

4. Acting Deputy General Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Manager(Contracts)

5. General Manager Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau

6. Quantity Surveyor Surath Wickremasinghe Associates

7. Director Department of Civil and Structural

Engineering, University of Hong Kong

8. Deputy Director ICTAD

9. Chief Quantity Surveyor/Additional State Engineering Corporation

General Manager (Consultancy)

10 Senior Engineer Penta Ocean/Wakachiku Joint Venture

11. Principal Architects Associated

12. Engineer(Contracts) Department of Buildings

13. Principal Dudley Waas Associates (Pvt.) Ltd.

14. Principal Planning Consultancy

15. Principal Thurairajah Associates

16. Secretary National Construction Contractors

Association of Sri Lanka

17. Executive Director National Construction Contractors

Association of Sri Lanka

18. Director (Industry Development) ICTAD

19. Assistant Director (Industry ICTAD

Development)

20. Senior Engineer Port Development Consultants

APPENDIX - A
A P P E N D I X A:- QUESTIONNAIRE

A T T E N T I O N OF

Dear Sirs,

QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY FOR THE M.ENG. DEGREE IN

CONSTRUCTION M A N A G E M E N T AT UNIVERSITY OF M O R A T U W A

I, N . Logeswaran, an Engineer working for M/s. Chandrasena and Partners at

Matara.

Presently I am engaged in research work on "Review of ICTAD conditions of contract

for building construction works" for the M.Eng. Degree.

Therefore I will be very much grateful to you, if you could give information by filling
the attached questionnaire at your earliest convenience and send it to my Colombo address. For
your convenience, I am enclosing a self-addressed stamped envelope.

Since no telephone facilities are available at my working place, it will be very difficult
to contact you over the telephone during working hours.

I may contact you if possible on any Monday when I am in Colombo to get an

appointment to meet you if necessary to get further information.

Please also note that all information provided by you will be treated strictly confidential
and used solely for the specific purpose of the survey.

I hope your kind co-operation and assistance to make this survey a success.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

(signed)
N . Logeswaran
R E S E A R C H PROTECT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR M.Eng. D E G R E E IN C O N S T R U C T I O N
M A N A G E M E N T . D E P A R T M E N T O F CIVIL E N G I N E E R I N G . U N I V E R S I T Y O F
MORATUWA

P R O J E C T :- Review of ICTAD conditions of contract for building construction works

RESEARCHER:- N . Logeswaran, Engineer, M/s, Chandrasena & Partners

SUPERVISOR:- Mr. Justin De Silva, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering,

University of Moratuwa

I N T R O D U C T I O N : - This questionnaire is intended to collect data and information from the

building construction industry with a view to finding

(i) The types of conditions of contracts used in Sri Lanka, in the past
and the present.
(ii) The necessity to modify the ICTAD conditions of contract to suit
local building construction works.

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 N a m e and address of your organisation:-

1.2 Nature of business:-

(a) Contracting :-
(b) Consultancy:-
(c) Any other (Please Specify):-

1.3 When was your organisation established?

1.4 Discipline of work:- (If you do work in more than one discipline please indicate the
order of priority)

(a) Building construction works:-

(b) Civil engineering construction works:-
(c) Any other (Please specify):-

1.5 Name, designation, contact address and telephone number of the officer

responding :-

NAME:-
DESIGNATION:-
CONTACT ADDRESS:-
T E L E P H O N E NO:-
2.0 CONDITIONS OF CONTRACTS

2.1 What were/are the types of conditions of contract for building construction works you
or your organisation has used in the past and what are presently being used?

(Eg. FIDIC 3 , FIDIC 4, ICTAD 89, JCT 80 etc., with or without modification or any
other)

PAST:-For the Private Sector

For the Public Sector

PRESENT:- For the Private Sector

For the Public Sector

2.2 If the ICTAD conditions of contract is mentioned in 2.1 above:-

(a) What are the problems you or your organisation encounter while using ICATD
conditions of contract for building construction works?

(b) What are the clauses in the ICTAD conditions of contract do you consider to require
modification with regard to building construction works?

(c) H o w could the ICTAD conditions of contract be modified for the local building
construction works?
(For eg. Based on some other conditions of contract or your own)

2.3 If the ICTAD conditions of contract is not mentioned in 2.1 above:-

(a) Why the ICTAD conditions of contract is not used for building construction works?
 (b) What are the changes to be made to ICTAD conditions of contract in your opinion
to use for building construction works?

(Please specify clause numbers and changes)

2.4 What are your views about having separate conditions of contract for building and civil
engineering construction works?

2.5 ICTAD conditions of contract is the modification of the FIDIC conditions of contract
(Third edition) and the FIDIC is meant only for civil engineering construction works
whereas the ICATD conditions of contract is meant for both building and civil
engineering construction works.

What are your comments in the above regard?

2.6 If you have mentioned the FIDIC conditions of contract at 2.1 above.
What are the specific problems you or your organisation encounter while using it for
building construction works?

2.7 What are your views about the cabinet decision for having one conditions of contract
(ICTAD) for both building and civil engineering construction works?

2.8 If you have mentioned the RIBA conditions of contract at 2 . 1 , what are the main
differences between the RIBA and the ICTAD conditions of contract?
APPENDIX - B
 APPENDIX B
COMPARISON OF CONDITIONS OF CONTRACTS WITH CLAUSE NUMBER AND DESCRITPION

No. FIDIC conditions of contract ICTAD conditions of FIDIC conditions of JCT 80(Local GC/Works/1 (Edition Remarks
(Third edition) = FIDIC 3 contract (Revised edition contract(Fourth Authorities with 3) =GCW1
1989)=ICTAD 89 edition) = FIDIC 4 Quantities)=JCT 80

DEFINITIONS AND DEFINITIONS AND DEFINITIONS AND

INTERPRETATION INTERPRETATION INTERPRETATION 1 Interpretation, 1. Definitions etc.
1. definitions etc.
1.1 Definitions 1.1 Definitions 1.1 Definitions 1.1 Method of
1.2 Singular and Plural 1.2 Singular and Plural 1.2 Headings and Marginal reference to C
1.3 Headings or Notes 1.3 Headings or Notes Notes clauses
1.4 Cost 1.4 Cost 1.3 Interpretation 1.2 Articles etc. to
1.4 Singular and Plural be read as a
1.5 Notices, Consents, whole
Approvals, Certificates 1.3 Definitions
and Determinations

ENGINEER AND ENGINEER AND ENGINEER AND

ENGINEER'S ENGINEER'S ENGINEER'S
REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTATIVE 4. Delegations and
2 2.1 Engineer's Duties and 4 Architect's/ Representatives C
2 Duties and Powers of 2 Duties and Powers of Authority Supervising
Engineer and Engineer's Engineer and Engineer's 2.2 Engineer's ^ Officer's
Representative Representative Representative instructions
2.3 Engineer's Authority to
Delegate 12 Clerk of Works
2.4 Appointment of
Assistants
2.5 Instructions in Writing
2.6 Engineer to Act
Impartially
TJ^ - No change.
E* - Similar to FIDIC 3 .
Continued.

No. FIDIC conditions of contract ICTAD conditions of FIDIC conditions of JCT 80(Local GC/Works/1 (Edition Remarks
(Third edition)=FIDIC 3 contract (Revised edition contract(Fourth Authorities with 3) =GCW1
1989)=ICTAD 89 edition) = FIDIC 4 Quantities) = JCT 80

ASSIGNMENT AND SUB­ ASSIGNMENT AND SUB­ ASSINGMENT AND SUB­ 19 Assignment and
LETTING LETTING CONTRACTING Sub- Contracts
3 3 Assignment 3 Assignment 61 Assignment
3.1 Assignment of Contract 19.1 Assignment C
62 Sub-letting
4 4 Sub-letting 4 Sub-letting 19.2 Sub-letting-
4.1 Sub-Contracting Domestic
4.2 Assignment of Sub Sub-Contractors.-
-Contractor's Obligations Architect's/
Supervising
Officer's consent

19.3 Sub-letting-list in
Contract Bills

19.4 Sub-letting
-Determination
of Employment of
Domestic Sub
-Contractor

19.5 Nominated Sub

Contractors
Continued.

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS CONTRACT DOCUMENTS CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

5 5.1 Language and Law 5.1 Language and Law 5.1 Language and Law 2.3 Discrepancies in or 2 Contract Documents A
5.2 Priority of Contract divergences between
5.2 Documents Mutually 5.2 Documents mutually Documents documents GC.5*
Explanatory Explanatory JC5*
F4.5*
IC.5*

6 6.1 Custody of Drawings
6.2 One Copy of Drawings to
be kept on Site
6.3 Disruption of Progress
6.4 Delays and cost of delay of
Drawings
6.1 Custody of Drawings
6.2 One Copy of Drawings to be
kept on Site
6.3 Disruption of Progress
6.4 Delays and Cost of Delay of
Drawings
6.1 Custody and Supply of
Drawings and Documents
6.2 One Copy of Drawings to be
kept on Site
6.3 Disruption of Progress
6.4 Delays and Cost of Delay of
Drawings
6.5 Failure by Contractor to
Submit Drawings
5. Contract Documents - 2 Contract Documents c
other documents - issue of
certificates
5.1 Custody of Contract Bills
and Contract Drawings
5.2 Copies of Documents
5.3 Descriptive Schedules etc-
Master Programme of
Contractor
5.5 Availability of certain
documents
5.6 Return of Drawings etc.
5.7 Limits to use of
documents

7. 7. Further drawings and 7. Further drawings and 7.1 Supplementary drawings and 5.4 Drawings or details No clause c
instructions instructions instructions.

7.2 Permanent works designed by

contractor

7.3 Responsibility unaffected by

approval

1C.5* - Similar to FIDIC 3, but modified to suit local conditions.

F4.5* - Similar to FIDIC 3 . but the additional cost is not included here.
JC.5* - Additional cost involve is omitted here.
GC.5* - Additional cost involve is omitted here.
Continued.

GENERAL OBLIGATIONS GENERAL OBLIGATIONS GENERAL OBLIGATIONS

B
8. 8 Contractor's General 8 Contractor's General 8.1 Contractor's General 2 Contractor's 31.1]
Responsibilities Responsibilities Responsibilities obligations 31.21 Quality
D* 8.2 Site Operations and 2.1 Contract Documents 31.3 J
Methods of Construction JC.8* E*
F4.8*

9 9. Contract Agreement 9. Contract Agreement 9.1 Contract Agreement No clause No clause A

D* D*

10 10. Performance Bond 10. Performance Bond 10.1 Performance Security No clause No clause B
D* 10.2 Period of Validity of
Performance Security
10.3 Claims under
Performance Security
F4.10*

11 11. Inspection of Site 11. Inspection of Site 11.1 Inspection of Site No clause 7.1' Conditions B
D* D* 7.2 . affecting
7.6 Works
E*

12 12. Sufficiency of Tender 12. Sufficiency of Tender. 12.1 Sufficiency of Tender No clause 7.3") Conditions C
Adverse Physical Adverse Physical 12-2. Adverse Physical 7.4( affecting
Conditions and Artificial Conditions and Artificial Obstructions or Conditions 7.5j Works
Obstructions Obstructions

13 13. Work to be to the 13. Work to be to the 13.1 Work to be in Accordance 2.1 Contract Documents No clause A
Satisfaction of Engineer Satisfaction of Engineer with Contract E*
D* * F4.13
33 Programme C
14 14 Programme to be 14 Programme to be 14.1 Programme to be Submitted 5.3.1.2
Furnished Furnished 14.2 Revised Programme Descriptive
14.3 Cash Flow Estimate to be Schedules etc-
Submitted Master Programme
14.4 Contractor not Relieved of of Contractor
Duties or Responsibilities
t-4.8* - Clearly explained and covers more conditions.
JC.8* - Not clearly covered as FIDIC 3 .
E* - Similar to FIDIC3.
D* - No change.
F4.10* - Clearly explained and covers more conditions.
F4.13* - No change, but only the heading differs.
Continued.

15 15. Contractor's 15.1 Construction 15.1 Contractor's 10 Person-in-charge 5 Contractor's A

Superintendence Management Services Superintendence agent
JC.10*
15.2 Contractor's GC.5*
Superintendence
D*
IC.15*

16 16. Contractor's Employees 16. Contractor's Employees 16.1 Contractor's Employees 8.5 Exclusion from 6 Contractor's C
16.2 Engineer at Liberty to the Works of employees
Object persons employed
thereon

17 17. Setting-out 17. Setting-out 17.1 Setting out 7. Levels and setting 9. Setting-out C
out of the Works
and clause 2
(extracts)

18 18. Boreholes and Exploratory 18. Boreholes and Exploratory 18.1 Boreholes and No clause No clause A
Excavation Excavation Exploratory Excavation

D* D*

D* - No change.
IC.15* - 15.1 is a new clause, all others are similar to FIDIC 3.
JC.10* - Differs from FIDIC 3 .
GC.5* - Similar to JCT 8 0 .
Continued.

19 19. Watching and lighting 19. Watching and lighting 19.1 Safety. Security and No Clause 13 Protection of C
Protection of the Works
Environment
14 Nuisance and
19.2 Employer's pollution
Responsibilities

20 20.1 Care of Works 2 0 . 1 . Care of Works 20.1 Care of Works No Clause 54 Emergency C
Work
20.2 Excepted Risks 20.2. Excepted Risks 20.2 Responsibility to Rectify
Loss or Damage

20.3 Loss or Damage Due to

Employer's Risks

20.4 Employer's Risks

Continued.

21. 21. Insurance of Works, 21. Insurance of Works, 2 1 . 1 . Insurance of Works 22. Insurance of 8. Insurance C
etc. etc. and Contractor's the Works
Equipment 22A. Erection of
F3.21* IC.21* 21.2. Scope of Cover new buildings
21.3. Responsibility for - Al! Risks
Amounts not Insurance of
Recovered the Works by
21.4. Exclusions the Contractor
22B Erection of
new
buildings
- All Risks
Insurance of
the
Works by the
Employer
22C. Insurance of
existing
structures
- Insurance of
Works or
extensions to
existing
structures
2 2 D . Insurance for
Employer's
ikftftlt*^. loss
of liquidated

* s % damages

F3.21* - Clause 25 can be combined with this clause.

IC.21* - Clause 25 can be combined with this clause.

I ill
Continued.

22 22.1 Damage to Persons 22.1 Damage to Persons 22.1 Damage to Persons 20 Injury to persons 19 Loss or Damage C
and Property and Property and Property and property and
22.2 Indemnity by 22.2 Indemnity by 22.2 Exceptions indemnity to
Employer Employer 22.3 Indemnity by Employer Employer

23 23.1 Third Party Insurance
23.2 Minimum Amount of
Third Party Insurance
23.3 Provision to
Indemnify Employer
23.1 Third Party Insurance
23.2 Minimum Amount of
Third Party insurance
23.3 Provision to
Indemnify Employer
23.1 Third Party Insurance 21 Insurance against 8 Insurance B
(Including Employer's injury to persons or
Property) property
23.2 Minimum Amount of
Insurance
23.3 Cross Liabilities

D* F4.23* E* E*

TJ* - No change.
F4.23* - Similar to FIDIC 3 , but this says that the insurance should be in the joint names of the Employer and the Contractor.
E* - Similar to FIDIC 3 .
Continued.

24 24.1 Accident or Injury to 24.1 Accident or Injury to 24.1 Accident or Injury to 21 Insurance against 8 Insurance A
Workmen Workmen Workmen injury to persons
24.2 Insurance against 24.2 Insurance against 24.2 Insurance against or property
Accident, etc., to Accident, etc., to Accident to
Workmen Workmen Workmen
JC.21* GC.8*
D* D*

25 25 Remedy on Contractor's 25 Remedy on Contractor's 25.1 Evidence and Terms of No clause No clause C
Failure to Insure Failure to Insure Insurances
25.2 Adequacy of Insurances
F3.25* IC.25* 25.3 Remedy on Contractor's
Failure to Insure
25.4 Compliance with Policy
Conditions

D* - No change.
JC.21* and GC.8* - Partly covers the FIDIC 3 contents.
F3.25* and IC.25* - Refer clause 2 1 .
Continued.

26 26.1 Giving of Notices and 26.1 Giving of Notices and 26.1 Compliance with Statutes, 6 Statutory 11 Statutory C
Payment of Fees Payment of Fees Regulations, etc. obligations, notices
notices, fees and
26.21 Compliance with Statutes, 26.2") Compliance with Statutes, charges

26.3 Regulations, etc. 26.3J Regulations, etc.

27 27 Fossils etc. 27 Fossils etc. 27.1 Fossils 34 Antiquities 32 Excavations C

28 28 Patent Rights and 28 Patent Rights and 28.1 Patent Rights 9 Royalties and 12 Patents C
Royalties Royalties 28.2 Royalties patent rights
29 29 Interference with Traffic 29 Interference with Traffic 29.1 Interference with Traffic No clause No clause B
and Adjoining Properties and Adjoining Properties and Adjoining Properties.

D* F4.29*

30 30.1 Extra ordinary Traffic
30.2 Special Loads
30.3 Settlement of Extra
ordinary Traffic Claims
30.4 Water borne Traffic
30.1 Avoidance of Damage to 30.1 Avoidance of Damage to No clause No clause C
Highway, etc. Roads
30.2 Transport of 30.2 Transport of Contractor's
Constructional Plant Equipment or Temporary
30.3 Water bome Traffic Works
30.3 Transport of Materials or
Plant
30.4 Water borne Traffic

D* - No change.
F4.29* - No change, but FIDIC4 covers for execution and completion of the works.
Continued.

31 31. Opportunities for Other 31.1 Facilities for Other 31.1 Opportunities for Other 29 Works by 65 Other works A
Contractors Contractors Contractors Employer or
31.2 Delay and Extra work 31.2 Facilities for Other persons employed
Contractors or engaged by
IC.31* Employer
E*
E* E*

32 32. Contractor to keep Site 32.1 Contractor to keep Site 32.1 Contractor to keep Site No clause 34.2 Commencement A
Clear Clear Clear and Completion

D* D*

33 33. Clearance of Site on 33 Clearance of Site on 33.1 Clearance of Site on No clause 34.2 Commencement B
Completion Completion Completion and Completion

• D* F4.33*

D* - No change.
IC.31* - Similar to FIDIC 3, but 31.2 is a new clause from ICE conditions of contract (5th edition).
F4.33* - Little elaborated. Even contractor shall be entitled to retain on site upto the end of the defects liability period.
Continued.

LABOUR LABOUR LABOUR

34 34.1 Engagement of labour 34.1 Engagement of Labour 34.1 Engagement of Staff and 19A Fair Wages 15 Returns C
34.2 Supply of Water 34.2 Supply of Water Labour
34.3 Alcoholic Liquor or 34.3 Alcoholic Liquor or
Drugs Drugs
34.4 Arms and Ammunition 34.4 Arms and Ammunition
34.5 Festivals and Religious 34.5 Festivals and Religious
Customs Customs
34.6 Epidemics 34.6 Epidemics
34.7 Disorderly Conduct, 34.7 Disorderly Conduct,
etc. etc.
34.8 Observance by Sub 34.8 Rates
-Contractors 34.8 Observance by Sub
34.9 Other Conditions -Contractors
affecting Labour and 34.9 Other Conditions
Wages affecting Labour and
Wages

35 35 Returns of Labour, etc. 35 Returns of labour 35.1 Returns of Labour and

Contractor's Equipment No clause 15 Returns A
D*
F4.35* E*

F4.35* - No change, but the name Engineer's Representative is changed as Engineer.

Continued.

MATERIALS AND MATERIALS AND MATERIALS, PLANT AND

WORKMANSHIP WORKMANSHIP WORKMANSHIP

36 36.1 Quality of Materials and 36.1 Quality of Materials and 36.1 Quality of Materials, Plant 8 Materials, goods No clause B
Workmanship and Tests Workmanship and Tests and Workmanship and Tests and workman
36.2 Cost of Samples 36.2 Cost of Samples 36.2 Cost of Samples ship to conform
36.3 Cost of Tests 36.3 Cost of Tests 36.3 Cost of Tests to description,
36.4 Cost of Tests not 36.4 Cost of Tests not testing and
Provided for, etc. Provided for inspection
IC.36* 36.5 Engineer's Determination 8.1 Kinds and
where Tests not Provided standards
for 8.2 Vouchers -
materials and
F4.36* goods
8.3 Inspection-tests
8.4 Removal from
the site-work.
materials or
goods

JC.8*

37 37 Inspection of Operations 37 Inspection of Operations 37.1 Inspection of Operations 11 Access for 31.4 Quality C
37.2 Inspection and Testing Architect/ 31.5 -do-
37.3 Dates for Inspection and Supervising 31.6 -do-
Testing Officer to the 31.7 -do-
37.4 Rejection works
37.5 Independent Inspection

F4.36* - Similar to HD1C 3 , but the plant is also included here.

IC.36* - Similar to FIDIC 3 , but any test by an independent person is not included here.
JC.8* - Not clearly covered as FIDIC 3 .
Continued.

38 38.1 Examination of Work 38.1 Examination of Work 38.1 Examination of Work 8.3 Inspection-tests 16 Foundations A
before Covering up before Covering up before Covering up 17 Covering work
38.2 Uncovering and Making 38.2 Uncovering and Making 38.2 Uncovering and Making
Openings Openings Openings JC.8.3* GC. 16/17*
F4.38*
D*

39 39.1 Removal of Improper 39.1 Removal of Improper 39.1 Removal of Improper 8.4 Removal from 53 Non B
Work and Materials Work or Materials Work or Materials or Plant the site-work, -compliance with
39.2 Default of Contractor in 39.2 Default of Contractor in 39.2 Default of Contractor in materials or Instructions
Compliance Compliance. Compliance goods
D* F4.39* GC.53*
-
JC.84 *

SUSPENSION
40 40.1 Suspension of Work 40.1 Suspension of work 40.1 Suspension of Work No clause 40.2g PM's B
40.2 Suspension Lasting more 40.2 Suspension lasting more 40.2 Engineer's Determination Instructions
than 90 days ' than 90 days following Suspension
D* 40.3 Suspension Lasting more GC.40*
than 84 Days
F4.40*

D* - No change-
F4.38* - Similar to FIDIC 3 , but the name Engineer is used throughout.
F4.39* - Similar to FIDIC 3, but the plant and the Contractor's design is also included here.
F4.40* - Similar to FIDIC 3, only the days differ.
JC.8.3* and JC.8.4* - Not clearly covered as FIDIC 3.
GC.53*, GC.40* and GC. 16/17* - Not clearly covered as FIDIC 3.
Continued.

C O M M E N C E M E N T TIME C O M M E N C E M E N T TIME COMMENCEMENT AND

AND DELAYS AND DELAYS DELAYS

41 41 Commencement of Works 41 Commencement of Works 41 Commencement of Works No clause No clause A

D* D*

42 42.1 Possession of Site 42.1 Possession of Site 42.1 Possession of Site and 23.1 Date of 34.1 Commencement B
42.2 Wayleaves, etc. 42.2 Wayleaves, etc. Access thereto Possession - and Completion
42.2 Failure to Give Progress to
Possession Completion Date GC.34*
D* 42.3 Wayleaves and Facilities
F4.42* JC.23*

43 43 Time for Completion 43 Time for Completion 43.1 Time for Completion
D* D* No clause No clause A

F4.42* - No change, but the headings are diffemt.

JC.23* - Not covered folly as FIDIC 3 .
GC.34* - Not covered fully as FIDIC 3 .
Continued.

44 44 Extension of Time for 44.1 Extension of Time for 44.1 Extension of Time for 25 Extension of 36 Extensions of C
Completion Completion Completion time time
44.2 Assessment of Extension 44.2 Contractor to Provide
During the Course of Work Notification and Detailed
44.3 Assessment of Due Date Particulars
for Completion 44.3 Interim Determiantion of
Extension

45 45 No Night or Sunday Work 45 No Night or Sunday Work 45.1 Restriction on Working No clause No clause A
Hours
D*
F4.45*

46 46 Rate of Progress 46 Rate of Progress 46.1 Rate of Progress No clause 35 Progress C

meetings

D* - N o change.
F4.45* - Similar to FIDIC3,but (a) The wording Sunday is removed here, and
(b) Engineer's Representative is replaced by Engineer.
Continued.

47 47.1 Liquidated Damages for 47.1 Liquidated Damages for 47.1 Liquidated Damages for 24 Damages for 55 Liquidated A
Delay Delay Delay non-completion Damages
47.2 Reduction of Liquiated 47.2 Reduction of Liquidated 47.2 Reduction of Liquidated
Damages Damages Damages 18.1.4 Liquidated E*
47.3 Bonus for Completion 47.3 Bonus for Completion F4.47» damages -
D* relevant part
E*

48 48.1 Certification of 48.1 Certification of 48.1 Taking-Over Certificate 17.1 Certificate of 37 Early C
Completion of Works Completion of Works 48.2 Taking Over of Sections Practical Possession
48.21 Certification of 48.2] Certification of or Parts Completion
4 8 . 3 \ Completion by Stages 48.3 Completion by Stages 48.3 Substantial Completion of 18.1 Employer's
48.4J 48.4. Parts wish-
48.4 Surfaces Requiring Contractor's
Reinstatement consent
23.3 Possession by
Contractor-use or
occupation by
Employer

D* - No change.
F4.47* - No change, but the bonus clause is omitted here.
Continued.

MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE AND DEFECTS LIABILITY 17.2 Defects, 21 Defects in

DEFECTS DEFECTS 49.1 Defects Liability Period shrinkages or Maintenance C
49 49.1 Definition of "Period of 49.1 Definition of "Period of 49.2 Completion of Out other faults Periods
Maintenance" Maintenance" -standing Work and 17.3 Defects etc.
49.2 Execution of Work of 49.2 Execution of Work of Remedying Defects Architect's 39 Certifying work
Repair, etc. Repair, etc. 49.3 Cost of Remedying /Supervising
49.3 Cost of Execution of 49.3 Cost of Execution of Defects Officers
Work of Repair, etc. Work of Repair, etc. 49.4 Contractor's Failure to instructions
49.4 Remedy on Contractor's 49.4 Remedy on Contractor's Carryout Instructions 17.4 Certificate of
Failure to Carryout Work Failure to Carryout Work Completion of
Required Required Making Good
Defects
17.5 Damage by
frost
18.1.1 Practical
Completion -
relevent part
18.1.2 Defects etc. -
relevant part
18.1.3 Insurance -
relevant part

50 50 Contractor to Search 50 Contractor to Search 50 Contractor to Search 8.3 Inspection - tests 21 Defects in C
17.3 Defects etc. - Maintenance
Architects Periods
/Supervising
Officers instructions

c S «
% £ W
Continued.

ALTERATIONS. ALTERATIONS. ALTERATIONS.

ADDITIONS AND ADDITIONS AND ADDITIONS AND
OMISSIONS OMISSIONS. OMISSIONS

51 51.1 Variations 51.1 Variations 51.1 Variations 13 Variations and 40 PM's C

51.2 Orders for 51.2 Orders for Variations 51.2 Instructions for Variations provisional sums Instructions
Variations to to be in Writing 13.1 Definition of
be in Writing Variation
13.2 Instructions
requiring a
Variation

52 52.1 Valuation of 52.1 Valuation of 52.1 Valuation of 13 Variations and 41 Valuation of C

Variations. Variations Variations. provisional sums Instructions -
52.2 Power of Engineer 52.2 Power of Engineer 52.2 Power of Engineer 13.4 Valuation of Principles
to Fix Rates to Fix Rates to Fix Rates Variations and 42 Valuation of
52.3 Variations 52.3 Variations 52.3 Variations provisional sum Variation
Exceeding 10% Exceeding 10% Exceeding 15% work Instructions
52.4 Day work 52.4 Day work 52.4 Day work 13.5 Valuation rules 43 Valuation of other
52.5 Claims 52.5 Claims 13.7 Valuations- Instructions
Procedure for Claims addition to or
deduction from
53.1 Notice of Claims Contract Sum
53.2 Contemporary Records
53.3 Substantiation of Claims
53.4 Failure to comply
53.5 Payment of Claims
Continued.

P L A N T . TEMPORARY PLANT.TEMPORARY CONTRACTOR'S

W O R K S AND
MATERIALS
53 53.1 Plant, etc.. Exclusive
Use for the Works
53.2 Removal of Plant,
etc.
53.3 Employer not Liable
for Damage to Plant,
etc.
53.4 Re-export of Plant
53.5 Customs Clearance
53.6 Any others shall be
set out in Part 11
WORKS AND
MATERIALS
53.1 Plant, etc.. Exclusive
Use for the Works
53.2 Removal of Vehicles
53.3 Removal of Plant,
etc.
53.4 Employer not Liable
for Damage to Plant,
etc.
53.5 Re-export of Plant
53.6 Customs Clearance
53.6a Import of
Machinery
53.7 Any others shall be
set out in Part II
EOUIPMENT.
TEMPORARY W O R K S
AND MATERIALS 16 Materials and goods 30 Vesting C
54.1 Contractor's unfixed or off-site
Equipment, 16.1 Unfixed materials and
Temporary Works and goods - on site
Materials; Exclusive 16.2 Unfixed materials and
Use for the Works goods - off site
54.2 Employer not Liable
for Damage
54.3 Customs Clearance
54.4 Re-export of
Contractor's
Equipment
54.5 Conditions of Hire of
Contractor's
Equipment
54.6 Costs for the
Purpose of Clause 63
54.7 Incorporation of
Clause in Sub Contracts

54 54 Approval of Materials > 54 Approval of Materials, 54.8 Approval of Materials No clause No clause A
etc., not implied etc., not implied not Implied

D* E*

D* - N o change.
E* - Similar to FIDIC 3 .
Continued.

MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT

55 55 Quantities 55 Quantities 55.1 Quantities No clause 3.4 Bills of Quantities A

D* D* E*

56 56 Works to be Measured 56 Works to be Measured 56.1 Works to be Measured 13.6 Contractor's right to 18 Measurement A
be present at
D* D* measurement GC.18*

JC.13.6*

57 57 Method of Measurement 57 Method of 57.1 Method of No clause No clause A

Measurement Measurement
57.2 Breakdown of Lump
IC.57* Sum Items
F4.57*

TJ' - No change.
IC.57* - Similar to FIDIC 3 , but the Contractor has to submit a cashflow statement
within 28 days to Engineer for approval of all Lump Sum items .
JC.13.6* - Similar to FIDIC 3 , but not fully covered.
GC.18* - Similar to FIDIC 3 , but not fully covered.
F4.57* - Similar to FIDIC 3 .
Continued

PROVISIONAL SUMS PROVISIONAL SUMS PROVISIONAL SUMS 13.3 Instructions on 64 Provisional Sums
58 58.1 Definition of 58.1 Definition of 58.1 Definition of provisional sums
"Provisional Sums" "Provisional Sums" "Provisional Sums"
58.2 Use of Provisional 58.2 Use of Provisional 58.2 Use of Provisional
Sums Sums Sums
58.3 Production of 58.3 Production of 58.3 Production of
Vouchers, etc. Vouchers, etc. Vouchers, etc.
IC.58* F4.58*

NOMINATED SUB­ NOMINATED SUB­ NOMINATED SUB­ Part 2: Nominated Sub­

CONTRACTORS CONTRACTORS CONTRACTORS contractors and Nominated
59 59.1 Definition of 59.1 Definition of 59.1 Definition of Suppliers 63 Nomination
"Nominated Sub- "Nominated Sub- "Nominated Sub-
Contractors" Contractors" Contractors" 35 Nominated Sub-
59.2 Nominated Sub- 59.2 Nominated Sub- 59.2 Nominated Sub- Contractors
ContractorsjObjection to ContractorsjObjection ContractorsjObjection
Nomination to Nomination to Nomination 36 Nominated Suppliers
59.3 Design Requirements 59.3 Design Requirements 59.3 Design Requirements
to be Expressly Stated to be Expressly Stated to be Expressly Stated.
59.4 Payments to 59.4 Payments to 59.4 Payments to
Nominated Sub- Nominated Sub- Nominated Sub-
Contractors Contractors Contractors
59.5 Certification of 59.5 Certification of 59.5 Certification of
Payments to Payments to Payments to
Nominated Nominated Nominated
Sub-contractors Sub-Contractors Sub-Contractors
59.6 Assignment of 59.6 Assignment of
Nominated Nominated
Sub-contractors Sub-Contractors
Obligations Obligations

1C.58* - Similar to FIDIC J, but the construction managment services are also included here.
F4.58* - Similar to FIDIC 3 > u t only the wordings differ.
Continued.

CERTIFICATES AND CERTIFICATES AND CERTIFICATES AND

PAYMENT PAYMENT PAYMENT

60 60.1 Certificates and 60.1 Advance Payment 60.1 Monthly Statements 30 Certificates and Payments 47 Finance Charges C
Payment 60.2 Monthly Statements 60.2 Monthly Payments 48 Advances on Account
60.2 Advances on 60.3 Monthly Payments 60.3 Payment of Retention 49 Final Account
Constructional Plant 60.4 Payment of Retention Money 50 Certifying payments
and Materials Money 60.4 Correction of 51 Recovery of Sums
60.3 Payment in Foreign 60.5 Correction and Certificates 52 Cost Savings
Currencies Withholding of 60.5 Statement at
Certificates Completion
60.6 Final Account 60.6 Final Statement
60.7 Time for Payment 60.7 Discharge
60.8 Currency Account 60.8 Final Certificate
and Rates of Exchange 60.9 Cessation of
60.9 Payments to Employer's Liability
Contractor 60.10 Time for Payment
60.10 Payments to the
Employer
60.11 Advances on
Constructional Plant
and Materials
60.12 Payments in Foreign
Currency

61 61 Approval only by 61 Approval only by 61-1 Approval only by No clause No clause A

Maintenance Certificate Maintenance Defects Liability
Certificate Certificate
D* F4.61*
TJ* - No change.
F4.61* - N o change, but the name differs.
Continued.

62 62.1 Maintenace Certficate 62.1 Maintenace Certficate 62.1 Defects Liability No clause No clause A
62.2 Cessation of 62.2 Cessation of Certificate
Employer's Liability Employer's Liability 62.2 Unfulfilled
62.3 Unfulfilled Obligations 62.3 Unfulfilled Obligations
Obligations
F4.62*
D*

REMEDIES AND REMEDIES AND REMEDIES

POWERS POWERS
63 63.1 Default of Contractor 63.1 Default of Contractor 63.1 Default of Contractor 27 Determination by 24 Corruption C
63.2 Valuation at Date of 63.2 Valuation at Date of 63.2 Valuation at Dale of Employer 56 Determination
Forfeiture Forfeiture Termination 57 Consequences of
63.3 Payment after 63.3 Payment after 63.3 Payment after Determination for
Forfeiture Forfeiture Termination Default
63.4 Assignment of 58 Consequences of
Benefit of Agreement other Determination

64 64 Urgent Repairs 64 Urgent Repairs 64.1 Urgent Remedial 33 War damage 54 Emergency Work A
D* Work
F4.64* JC.33* GC.54*

F4.62* - 62.2 of FIDIC 3 is omitted here. D* - No change.

F4.64* - No change, but Engineer's representative is replaced by Engineer.
JC.33* - This is applicable only in the U.K., but the contents similar to FIDIC 3.
GC.54* - Partly covers the FIDIC 3 contents.
Continued.

SPECIAL RISKS SPECIAL RISKS SPECIAL RISKS

65 65.1 No Liability for War, 65.1 No liability for War, 65.1 No Liability for 32 Outbreak of hostilities No clause
etc., Risks etc.. Risks Special Risks
65.2 Damage to Works, 65.2 Damage to Works, 65.2 Special Risks
etc., by Special Risks etc., by Special Risks 65.3 Damage to Works by
65.3 Projectile, Missile, 65.3 Projectile, Missile, Special Risks
etc. etc. 65.4 Projectile, Missile,
65.4 Increased Costs 65.4 Increased Costs etc.
arising from Special arising from Special 65.5 Increased Costs
Risks Risks arising from Special
65.5 Special Risks 65.5 Special Risks Risks
65.6 Outbreak of War 65.6 Outbreak of War 65.6 Outbreak of War
65.7 Removal of Plant on 65.7 Removal of Plant on 65.7 Removal of
Termination Termination Contractor's
65.8 Payment if Contract 65.8 Payment if Contract Equipment on
Terminated Terminated Termination
65.8 Payment if Contract
IC.65* Terminated

F4.65* St-32*

IC.65* - Special Risks include whether riot is directed against the State, persons or property.
F4.65*- Special risks exclude loss or damage due to (a) the use or occupation by the Employer of any section and (b) the Engineer's design of the works.
IC.32* - Partly covers FIDIC 3 contents.
Continued.

FRUSTRATION FRUSTRATION RELEASE FROM

PERFORMANCE

66 66 Payment in Event of 66 Payment in Event of 66.1 Payment in Event of 32 Outbreak of Hostilities No clause A
Frustration Frustration Release from
D* Performance JC.32*
F4.66*

SETTLEMENT O F SETTLEMENT OF SETTLEMENT O F ARTICLE 5:-

DISPUTES DISPUTES DISPUTES

67 67 Settlement of Disputes 67 Settlement of 67.1 Engineer's Decision Settlement of disputes 59 Adjudication C

- Arbitration Disputes 67.2 Amicable Settlement - Arbitration
67.3 Arbitration 60 Arbitration
67.4 Failure to Comply
with Engineer's Part 4:- Settlement of disputes
Decision - Arbitration

F4.66* No change but only the name differs.

JC.32"- Partly covers FIDIC 3 contents.
 NOTICES NOTICES NOTICES

68 68.1 Service of Notices on 68.1 Service of Notices on 68.1 Notice to Contractor N o clause 1.3 Definitions etc.
Contractor Contractor 68.2 Notice to Employer
68.2 Service' of Notices on 68.2 Service of Notices and Engineer
Employer or Engineer on Employer or 68.3 Change of Address
68.3 Change of Address Engineer
68.3 Change of Address F4.68* GC.l*

DEFAULT OF DEFAULT OF DEFAULT OF

EMPLOYER EMPLOYER EMPLOYER

69 69.1 Default of Employer 69.1 Default of Employer 69.1 Default of Employer 28 Determination by No clause
69.2 - do- 69.2 - do - 69.2 Removal of Contractor
69.2 - do- 69.2 - do- Contractor's
Equipment
69.3 Payment on
Termination
69.4 Contractor's
Entitlement to
Suspend work
69.5 Resumption of Work

M . 6 8 * - No change, but in addition the cable, telex or lacsimile transmission is included here.
G C . l * - Partly covers FIDIC 3 contents.
Continued.

CHANGES IN COSTS CHANGES IN COSTS CHANGES IN COSTS PART 3 : Fluctuations

AND LEGISLATION AND LEGISLATION AND LEGISLATION
37 Choice of fluctuation
70 70.1 Increase or Decrease 70.1 Increase or Decrease 70.1 Increase or Decrease provisions - entry in No clause c
of Costs of Costs of Costs Appendix
70.2 Subsequent Legislation 70.2 Subsequent 70.2 Subsequent
Legislation Legislation

CURRENCY AND CURRENCY AND CURRENCY AND

RATES O F RATES OF RATES OF
EXCHANGE EXCHANGE EXCHANGE

71 71 Currency 71 Currency 71.1 Currency No clause No clause A

Restrictions Restrictions Restrictions

F4.71*
IC.71*

72 72.l]Rates of Exchange 72.1]Rates of Exchange 72.1 Rates of Exchange No clause No clause B

72.2V 72.21 72.2 Currency
72.3J 72.3J Proportions
72.3 Currencies of
IC.72* Payment for
Provisional Sums

F4.72*
rrf\
iocs / Oi \&'A
!*. - &\ t \
! 8
A i|
^ Is
I C 7 1 * , I C 7 2 * , F4.71* and F4.72* - Number of days are changed from 30 to 28.