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INFORME 3
SIMULATION AND ASSEMBLY CLASS C, WITH ENGINE
Cristian Cristancho, 45151043; Sebastian Ordoñez, 42131044; Stiven Rios,
45151002
@unisalle.edu.co, jordonez44@unisalle.edu.co,@unisalle.edu.co
Ingeniería eléctrica/Ingeniería Automatización,
Universidad de la Salle
Bogotá, Colombia
2018
1. Objetivo
a) Controlar la velocidad y el frenado regenerativo de un motor DC por medio de un
chopper clase C
Objetivos generales
a) Analizar el funcionamiento de un Conversor DC/DC Clase C con motor.
b) Diseñar un driver de control para este tipo de conversor y una etapa de optoacople.
c) Verificar su funcionamiento
d) Calcular los valores de corriente y tensión en cada uno de los elementos del circuito.
e) Determinar las formas de onda en corriente y tensión sobre la carga.
f) Calcular la potencia de salida, el rendimiento del conversor.
g) Determinar las características eléctricas de los semiconductores a utilizar en la etapa
de potencia.
2. Marco Teorico
a) Modelo a usar
that is to say, a regenerative braking, to understand its operation we refer to the following
graph where it can be appreciated the current graphs on both the load and the source
To understand the operation of this, we will analyze it separating in different times the stages
of the operation of this:
● t1 a t2: In this time interval, S1 is closed or short and S2 open or high impedance,
Fig-3 t1-t2
As you can see, the circuit at this moment consists of E, S1 and the load
UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE CONVERSORES DC/DC _ Clase C, motor
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● t2 a t3: In this time interval, S2 is closed or short and S1 open or high impedance
Fig-5 t2-t3
In this interval the circuit will be formed by the load and D1, in addition the EMF (force
against electromotive) induced in the coil will take effect by inhibiting its polarity and
decreasing the current to 0, the reason why no current flows through S2 is due to which is a
semiconductor like a BJT, MOSFET or a TR and this does not allow conduction in reverse
polarization.
● t3 a t4: In this time interval, S2 is closed or short and S1 open or high impedance,
Fig-7 t3-t4
Now, thanks to the EMF of the coil, a negative current loop is generated on the load
circulating on the load and S2.
UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE CONVERSORES DC/DC _ Clase C, motor
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● t4 a t5: In this time interval, S1 is closed or short and S2 open or high impedance,
Fig-9 t4-t5
Now that S2 is opened, driving through D2 is allowed, allowing the current stored in the coil
to flow towards the source.
Already in this last stage the current returns to the source recharging in the process, this
would be the interval where the regenerative braking is appreciated.
Ley de Biot-Savart: The law of Biot-Savart, dating from 1819 and named in honor of the
French physicists Jean-Baptiste Biot and Felix Savart, indicates the magnetic field created
by stationary electric currents. It is one of the fundamental laws of magnetostatics, as much
as Coulomb's law is in electrostatics.
UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE CONVERSORES DC/DC _ Clase C, motor
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In a magnetostatic approximation, the magnetic field can be determined if the current density
is knownj:
B=K m ∫ j×r
r2 dV
Being:
Fuerza de Lorentz:
In physics, the Lorentz force is the force exerted by the electromagnetic field that receives a
charged particle or an electric current. For a particle subjected to an electric field combined
with a magnetic field, the total electromagnetic force or Lorentz force on that particle is given
by:
f = q (E + v × B )
where v is the velocity of the charge, E is the electric field intensity vector and B is the
magnetic induction vector. The following expression is related to the Laplace force or force
on a wire through which current flows:
f = ∫ I · dl × B
L
where L is the length of the conductor, I, is the current intensity and B the magnetic
induction. In spite of being a direct consequence of it, this last expression was historically
found before the previous one, because the electric currents were handled before it was
clear whether the electric charge was a continuous fluid or was constituted by small discrete
charges.
d) Tools
· Orcad CIS with Capture
e) Cálculos
Equations
Demonstrations
Maximum
Minimum
UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE CONVERSORES DC/DC _ Clase C, motor
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3) Results:
➢ Diseñe un prototipo de chopper Clase C, para controlar la velocidad y sistema de
frenado regenerativo de un motor DC, de 24V / 2Amp.
➢ Identifique el valor de R, L y V del motor a utilizar
➢ Calcule la corriente máxima y mínima por la inductancia
➢ Calcule el rizado de la corriente en la bobina
➢ Calcule la corriente media por la bobina
➢ Calcule el voltaje medio de salida para un ciclo de trabajo de 0.5
setup_timer_2(t2_div_by_1,pr2,preescaler);
T P W M *f OSC
P R2 = 4*P REESCALER −1
50uS *20M Hz
P R2 = 4*1 −1
P R2 = 249
2. Configurar el módulo CCP para que opere en modo PWM.
setup_ccp1(ccp_pwm);
duty = read_adc();
set_pwm1_duty(duty);
➔ Calculo de la Fcem:
Vb=24V-(2*2.944)=18.11V
Donde:
a. The value of the voltage and the average current on the load
T ON
V dc = T * E = 0, 5 * 24V = 12V
4) Process
Tiempo 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms
i. Análisis de resultados
UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SALLE CONVERSORES DC/DC _ Clase C, motor
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ii. Conclusiones
void main()
{
//los valores del pr2 y el preescaler se calculan para obtener una frecuencia de 20 KHz
pr2=250;
preescaler = 1;
estado=0;
while(true)
{
//Ahora si el pin a1, que es nuestro boton de arranque, si este es activado y el estado indica que el
sistema esta apagado,
//se procede a activar la bandera de estado a 1.
if(input(PIN_A1) == 1 && estado == 0)
{
estado=1;
}
//Ahora si el sistema esta encendido y se activa el frenado se procede a conmutar las salidas.
if(input(PIN_A2) == 1 && estado == 1)
{
//En una primera estancia se procede a apagar el pwm
set_pwm1_duty(-1);
output_low(PIN_C2);
//Se desactiva la bandera de estado, indicando que se apago el sistema.
estado = 0;
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