GM RB: 2016

GREEN MARK FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: 2016

CRITERIA
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Copyright© 2017 by Building and Construction Authority.

All rights reserved. The Green Mark Criteria may be used by individuals for reference purposes only. Any user of the Green
Mark Criteria shall retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in it. Any sale, modification, reproduction,
display or distribution of the Green Mark Criteria or any copies thereof is not allowed without BCA’s prior written consent,
which may be obtained by writing to the following address or via email to bca_enquiry@bca.gov.sg.

Green Mark Department

Building and Construction Authority
52 Jurong Gateway Road
#11-01, Singapore 608550
(Above JEM)

Green Mark RB: 2016 Revision Log

Revision Description Date Effective

R0 Launch for Pilot 06/09/2016
R1 Revised Version for Implementation 22/09/2017
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What is BCA Green Mark?

The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) Green Mark scheme was launched in 2005 and is an internationally
recognised green building rating system tailored for the tropical climate. Green Mark sets parameters and
establishes indicators to guide the design, construction and operation of buildings towards increased energy
effectiveness and enhanced environmental performance.

BCA Green Mark comprises a number of distinct rating tools that, together, holistically rate the built environment
for its environmental performance. These include:

 New Buildings including Non-Residential, Residential and Landed Housing

 Existing Buildings including Non-Residential, Residential and Schools
 User Centric including Office Interior, Retail, Supermarket, Restaurant and Data Centres
 Beyond Buildings including Districts, Parks, and Infrastructure

Introducing Green Mark for Residential Buildings GM RB: 2016

Green Mark for Residential Buildings GM RB: 2016 is the fifth edition of the Green Mark scheme for new residential
buildings. Developed with extensive industry collaboration, this version delivers:

 A streamlined criteria that addresses sustainability in a more balanced and holistic manner
 Greater Emphasis – climatically contextual design, energy effectiveness, greater focus on health and
wellbeing of building occupants, smart buildings, and a systematic approach to addressing embodied
energy and resource use.
 Recognises the design process and encourages due processes to respond to site context which facilitates
sustainability to be considered at the early project stages where there is the greatest opportunity for low
cost, high reward options to be implemented.
 Green Mark itself becomes a design guide and accessible to professionals, students and the population
at large
 A collaborative framework – with extensive external industry members involved in its setting of metrics,
assessment methods and performance levels.

The Green Mark RB: 2016 Criteria should be read in conjunction with Green Mark RB: 2016 Technical Guide
and Requirements.

Why Green Mark RB: 2016?

Green Mark provides a consistent method to assess and verify buildings for their overall environmental
performance which assists project teams to deliver a more sustainable built environment and encourages best
practice and market transformation. At the same time, it is a design guide that can be referenced to understand
the attributes of what makes buildings truly sustainable. GM RB: 2016 aims to further stretch building outcomes
to substantially reduce the environmental impacts and increase the life-cycle quality of projects. At the same time,
it provides a platform to recognise and make mainstream the leadership needed to drive creative, organisational
& technical improvements to the overall environmental credentials of projects.
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Outcomes of Green Mark RB: 2016
The indicators within the Green Mark criteria are mapped to internationally recognised sustainability
outcomes. Driving these outcomes through the Green Mark scheme can ensure buildings awarded under
Green Mark will truly be high quality environmentally sustainable developments for our current and future
generations.

Climate
Buildings should demonstrate emissions reduction and resilience to the effects of climate change.

Resources
As stewards of the earth’s resources, buildings should use resources in an efficient manner
to reduce its environmental footprint over the building life cycle.

Wellbeing
Liveable built environments are vital for our health and well-being.

Ecology
Buildings should consider their wider impact on the biosphere through the integration of nature
and protection of natural systems including flora and fauna.
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Assessment Process
The BCA Green Mark Certification Process is as follows:

Application

 Submittal of application with relevant supporting documents for certification upon finalisation of
building design.
 Upon acceptance of application and fee payable, a BCA Green Mark Assessor will be assigned for the
duration of the project.

Pre-Assessment (Optional)

 Conducted to aid the project team in understanding the criteria and evaluation of the certification level
sought.
 Optional step if the project team is familiar with the criteria (except for incentive projects).

Assessment

 To be conducted when design and documentary evidences are ready.

 Comprises design and documentary reviews to verify if the building project meets the intents of the
criteria and certification level; as well as the prerequisite requirements.
 For projects with potential BCA Green Mark GoldPLUS and Platinum rating, a presentation to BCA panel
for evaluation is required.

Verification

• To be conducted upon project completion.

• Includes review of delivery records, updated documents on green features and building energy
performance data. Site inspection and measurement will be conducted.

Green Mark RB: 2016 Ratings

The environmental performance of a building development shall be determined by the numerical
scores (i.e. Green Mark points) achieved in accordance with the applicable criteria using the scoring
methodology and the prerequisite requirements on the level of building performance as specified in
this Green Mark scheme document. Under this assessment framework, points are awarded for
incorporating sustainable design features and practices, which would add up to a final Green Mark
Score. Depending on the level of building performance and Green Mark Score, the building
development will be eligible for certification under one of the ratings namely BCA Green Mark Gold,
GoldPLUS or Platinum. The design of the building development shall also meet all the relevant
mandatory requirements regulated under the Building Control Regulations.

The Green Mark Score of the building design is the total of all the numerical scores (i.e. Green Mark
points) assigned based on the degree of compliance with the applicable criteria. The following table
states the corresponding Green Mark Score to attain the respective Green Mark rating namely BCA
Green Mark Gold, GoldPLUS and Platinum. Buildings must also fulfil their respective pre-requisite
requirements to attain the respective Green Mark rating. The total points scored include the bonus
points scored under Advanced Green Efforts.
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BCA Green Mark Award Rating Scores

Green Mark Rating Green Mark Score
Green Mark Platinum 70 and above
Green Mark GoldPLUS 60 to <70
Green Mark Gold 50 to <60

Criteria Overview
To dovetail the criteria with the sustainable outcomes of Green Mark RB: 2016, the criteria has been
re-structured into 5 sections, with 16 criteria and 48 sustainability indicators. The total points is 140
points, inclusive of 20 points from Section 5: Advanced Green Efforts

Within the main criteria, criteria within the grey boxes with the 'Advanced Green Efforts' icon are
scored under 5.01 Enhanced Performance.
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CONTENTS
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1

GM RB: 2016 Pre-Requisites

P.01-P.13 .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

Climatic Responsive Design (35 points)

1.01 Leadership .......................................................................................................................................... 11
a Climatic and Contextually Responsive Brief ........................................................................................ 11
b Integrative Design Process .................................................................................................................. 11
c Environmental Credentials of Project Team ....................................................................................... 11
d Building Information Modelling ......................................................................................................... 12
e User Engagement ................................................................................................................................ 12
1.02 Urban Harmony .................................................................................................................................. 12
a Sustainable Urbanism ......................................................................................................................... 12
b Integrated Landscape and Waterscape .............................................................................................. 13
1.03 Tropicality .......................................................................................................................................... 14
a Tropical Façade Performance ............................................................................................................. 14
b Internal Organisation .......................................................................................................................... 14
c Ventilation Performance ..................................................................................................................... 14

Building Energy Performance (25 points)

2.01 Energy Efficiency ................................................................................................................................. 17
a Air Conditioning System Efficiency ..................................................................................................... 17
b Lighting Efficiency ............................................................................................................................... 17
c Car Park Energy ................................................................................................................................... 17
2.02 Energy Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................... 18
a Energy Efficiency Practices, Design and Features ............................................................................... 18
2.03 Renewable Energy .............................................................................................................................. 18
a Feasibility Study .................................................................................................................................. 18
b Solar Ready Roof ................................................................................................................................. 18
c Adoption of Renewable Energy .......................................................................................................... 18

Resource Stewardship (35 points)

3.01 Water ................................................................................................................................................. 19
a Water Efficiency Measures ................................................................................................................. 19
b Water Usage Monitoring .................................................................................................................... 19
c Alternative Water Sources .................................................................................................................. 19
3.02 Materials ............................................................................................................................................. 19
a Sustainable Construction .................................................................................................................... 19
b Embodied Energy ................................................................................................................................ 21
c Sustainable Products........................................................................................................................... 22
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3.03 Waste ................................................................................................................................................. 23

a Environmental Construction Management Plan ................................................................................. 23
b Operational Waste Management ....................................................................................................... 23

Smart and Healthy Building (25 points)

4.01 Indoor Air Quality................................................................................................................................ 24
a Occupant Comfort .............................................................................................................................. 24
b Contaminants ...................................................................................................................................... 24
4.02 Spatial Quality ..................................................................................................................................... 25
a Lighting ............................................................................................................................................... 25
b Acoustics ............................................................................................................................................. 26
c Wellbeing ............................................................................................................................................ 26
4.03 Smart Building Operations .................................................................................................................. 28
a Energy Monitoring .............................................................................................................................. 28
b Demand Control .................................................................................................................................. 28
c Integration and Analytics .................................................................................................................... 28
d System Handover and Documentation ............................................................................................... 29

Advanced Green Efforts (20 points)

5.01 Enhanced Performance ....................................................................................................................... 30
5.02 Demonstrating Cost Effective Design .................................................................................................. 33
5.03 Complementary Certifications ............................................................................................................ 33
5.04 Social Benefits ..................................................................................................................................... 33

GM RB: 2016 Points Summary .....................................................................................................................................….……34

References ................................................................................................................................................................….…….….35
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................…….…….37
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Green Mark RB: 2016 Prerequisites

Prerequisite Requirements
Climatic Responsive Design

P.1 To enhance biodiversity through the integration of lush greenery provision, preservation of existing trees and
sustainable landscape management. In addition, to reduce storm surges and improve quality of water entering the
public drains through introduction of waterscape within the development. Projects are given two options to comply
with:

Option 1: Minimum Green Plot Ratio (GnPR)

 GoldPLUS: ≥ 3.5
 Platinum: ≥ 4.0 OR

Option 2: Minimum points scored under Part 1.02b Integrated Landscape and Waterscape
 GoldPLUS: 2.0 points
 Platinum: 2.5 points

P.2 The residential envelope thermal transmittance value (RETV) of the building, as determined in accordance with
the formula set out in the “Code on Envelope Thermal Performance for Buildings” issued by the Commissioner of
Building Control, shall not exceed the following:

Level of Award RETV

Gold 25W/m2 or lower
GoldPLUS 22W/m2 or lower
Platinum 20W/m2 or lower

The RETV of west, south-west and north-west facades of all buildings within development should not exceed
maximum RETV of 25W/m2.

The average thermal transmittance (U-value) for the gross area of the building’s roof shall not exceed the
following limits:
Roof Weight Weight Range (kg/m2) Maximum U-value (W/m2K)
Group
Light < 50 0.8
Medium 50 to 230 1.1
Heavy > 230 1.5
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P.3 To be eligible for Green Mark Platinum rating, it is a requirement to use ventilation simulation modelling and
analysis or wind tunnel testing to identify the most effective building design and layout. The simulation results and
the recommendations derived are to be implemented to ensure good natural ventilation. Projects are given the
following pathway to comply with the requirement:

Step 1 Conduct decoupled unit CFD simulation for

Conduct Macro Level CFD Simulation. selected units using façade pressure derived
Does it meet the primary evaluation Yes in Step 1.
parameters? To achieve a minimum 70% of the selected
unit with weighted average velocity of 0.60
m/s
No
Yes
Step 2
Conduct Micro Level CFD Simulation.
Yes
To achieve a minimum 70% of the selected Eligible for Green Mark
unit with weighted average velocity of 0.60 Platinum Rating
m/s

No Yes

Does it achieve a minimum 70% of the Step 3

selected unit with weighted average velocity
Yes Conduct Unit CFD Simulation with mechanical
of 0.20 m/s aid to meet thermal comfort requirement.

Other than dwelling units, common areas like staircases and lobbies (excluding those that are located in
basement areas) should also be designed to be naturally ventilated (i.e. to provide openable windows or other
openings with aggregate area of not less than 5% of the space required to be ventilated).

P.4 For windows and curtain wall systems, air leakage rates shall not exceed the limit specified in SS212 and SS381
respectively

Building Energy Performance

P.5 To adopt energy efficient vertical transportation systems to reduce their energy consumption.

All lifts shall be equipped with Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) drives and sleep mode features except
for building typologies where such technology is not available.

P.6 Prescribed system efficiency of air-conditioning system for all dwelling units to be as follows:

Air-conditioners with at least the following ticks under the Singapore Energy Labelling Scheme or equivalent COP
(Coefficient of Performance).

Green Mark Gold – at least 3 ticks

Green Mark GoldPLUS – at least 5 ticks
Green Mark Platinum –at least 5 ticks
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P.7 At least 10% improvement in lighting power budget over baseline (excluding external lighting).

Baseline = Maximum lighting power budget stated in SS530

P.8 To evaluate building footprint’s potential in harnessing solar energy, so as to raise awareness of viable solar
opportunities within the development and encourage building developers to adopt photovoltaics.

Minimum scores under 2.03a Renewable Energy Feasibility Study

(for buildings with footprint area1 ≥ 1,000 m2)

Green Mark Gold: 0.5 points

Green Mark GoldPLUS: 0.5 points
Green Mark Platinum: 0.5 points

Resource Stewardship

P.9 To provide water efficient fittings for common facilities that meet minimum requirements as detailed in the
following table

Type of Water Fittings Prescribed Rating based on Water Efficiency Labelling

Scheme (WELS)
Basin Taps & Mixers 
Sink Taps & Mixers 
Shower Taps, Mixers 
or Showerheads
Dual Flush Flushing Cisterns 

P.10 Minimum scores under 3.02a Sustainable Construction

Green Mark Gold ≥ 0.5 points

Green Mark GoldPLUS ≥ 2 points
Green Mark Platinum ≥ 3.5 points

P.11 Minimum scores under 3.02b Embodied Energy

Green Mark GoldPLUS ≥ 1 point

Green Mark Platinum ≥ 1 point

P.12 Minimum score under 3.02c Sustainable Products

Green Mark Gold ≥ 2 points

Green Mark GoldPLUS ≥ 3 points
Green Mark Platinum ≥ 4 points

1A building’s footprint refers to the area on a project site used by the building structure, defined by the perimeter of the
building plan. Open car park spaces, landscape, underground construction and non-building facilities (such as covered
walkways) are not included in the building footprint.
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Smart and Healthy Building

P.13 To limit the use of high VOC emitting building and furnishing materials to improve indoor air quality for the
health and well-being of occupants.

The internal paints shall be certified by an approved local certification body and test methods shall comply with
ISO 17895 or ISO 11890. All coats of paint shall be considered, including primers, sealers, base coats and top
coats.
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Green Mark RB: 2016 Criteria

Part 1 - Climatic Responsive Design Green Mark Points

1.01 Leadership

1.01a Climatic & Contextually Responsive Brief Cap at 1 point

Conceptualization of clear environmental sustainability targets
and design approaches early at the onset of the project. The
brief should include;
1 point
(a) Preliminary definition of the client’s sustainable
aspirations for the project and identification of its
green potential benchmarked against similar projects.
(b) Setting of agreed achievable sustainability targets for
the project. In addition to the project’s targeted
Green Mark rating, such targets should involve
specific sustainable outcomes and indicators.

1.01b Integrative Design Process Cap at 2 points

Develop collaborative framework for the project team during 2 points
the briefing, concept design and technical design phase to
address the various needs of all stakeholders to achieve the
common targets resulting in a more balanced and optimized
design outcome.

1.01c Environmental Credentials of Project Team Cap at 2 points

This pertains to the appointment of environmental specialists at
building design, construction and operations stages.
Green Individuals:

 Certified Green Mark Manager (GMM) or Green Mark

0.25 point for GMM or GMFM
Facilities Manager (GMFM) and Green Mark
Professional (GMP) or Green Mark Facilities 0.5 point for GMP or GMFP
Professional (GMFP).
(Up to 0.5 point for Green Individuals)

Green and Gracious Builder:

0.25 point for Certified and Merit; or
The main builder is a BCA certified Green and Gracious Builder.
0.5 point for Excellent and Star rating
(Up to 0.5 point for Green & Gracious Builder)

Green Companies:

 at least 3 of the following companies are ISO 14001

certified: Architect, M&E Engineer, C&S Engineer, 0.5 point
Developer and Main Contractor.

 SGBC Green Services Certified firm. 0.5 point

(Up to 1.5 points for Green Companies)
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1.01d Building Information Modelling Cap at 2 points

(a) Use of BIM between various parties (Architect, the 1 point
MEP Engineers and the Structural Engineer) in the
construction value chain for clash detection purposes.
(b) Use of BIM for environmental analysis and building 1 point
performance simulation.

1.01e User Engagement Cap at 1 points

This refers to the provision of relevant information and
guidance to building occupants as to how they can contribute
positively to the reduction of the building’s environmental
impact.
(a) Building User Guide with Green Fit-out Guidelines 1 point

1.02 Urban Harmony – Part A

1.02a Sustainable Urbanism Cap at 5 points
Minimise environmental impact to the surroundings through
site analysis.
(i) Environmental Impact Statement
A study/ assessment to be conducted prior to the
commencement of activities on-site to identify the anticipated
effects on climate change, flora and fauna, soil, air and water
that the development may have. It should identify and
implement measures to mitigate any adverse impacts, protect
valuable site ecology and/ or to improve the site to its original
condition.

 Environmental Study 1 point

 Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment 2 points
(EIA)
(Up to 2 points)

(ii) Response to Site Context

A site analysis identifies the relationships between the human
and physical geography of the site. It should consider how the
urban context, site topography and hydrology, site micro
climate, site access and connectivity can inform the design of
the urban form and site layout to respond accordingly.
 Level 1 site analysis and design that demonstrates 1 point
sensitivity to the site condition

 Level 2 analysis optimised design via iterative

3 points
simulations
(Up to 3 points)
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(iii) Urban Heat Island (UHI)

Measures to mitigate the urban heat island effect through the
material selection of the hardscape, softscape and building
surfaces.
0.5 point
 ≥50% of site coverage (at plan view) with mitigation
measures

 ≥80% of site coverage (at plan view) with mitigation 1 point

measures
(Up to 1 point)

(iv) Green Transport

To reduce the emissions from vehicular transport through
promotion of electric vehicles and bicycle lots.

 Provision of electrical vehicle charging and parking 0.5 point

infrastructure ((at least 1 lot per 100 lots, cap at 5
lots)
1 point
 Provision of sheltered bicycle lots, in-line with LTA’s
quantity requirement (Up to 1 point)

1.02 Urban Harmony – Part B

1.02b Integrated Landscape and Waterscape Cap at 5 points

Integrate a verdant landscape and waterscape into their
building design to enhance the biodiversity around the
development and provide visual relief to building occupants and
neighbours.

GnPR Value Points

(i) Green Plot Ratio (GnPR) 2.5 to < 3.0 1.0
The provision of greenery for the development can be 3.0 to < 3.5 1.5
quantified via the Green Plot Ratio (GnPR).
3.5 to < 4.0 2.0
4.0 to < 4.5 2.5

≥ 4.5 3.0

(Up to 3 points)

(ii) Tree Conservation

Encourage preservation of existing trees on-site to prevent
disturbance to established habitats

 preservation of existing trees 0.5 point

 replant an equivalent number of similar species of 0.5 point
equivalent Leaf Area Index (LAI)
(Up to 1 point)
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(iii) Sustainable Landscape Management

Enhance biodiversity through sustainable landscape
management.

 projects certified under NParks Landscape Excellence

1 point
Assessment Framework (LEAF) certification
 Adoption of native plant species of greenery >50% of 0.5 point
the flora selected
0.5 point
 Provision of landscape management plan
(Up to 1 point)

(iv) Sustainable Storm Water Management

To reduce storm surges and improve quality of water entering
the public drains through infiltration or design features.

 projects certified under PUB Active, Beautiful and

Clean Waters (ABC Waters) certification 1 point
OR

 Treatment of storm water run-off through the

provision of infiltration or design features before
discharge to the public drains

 treatment of ≥10% of runoff from total site area 0.5 point

(Up to 1 point)

1.03 Tropicality
1.03a Tropical Façade Performance Cap at 5 points
Enhance the overall thermal performance of building envelope 1 points for every reduction of 1 W/m2 in RETV
to minimise heat gain thus reducing the overall cooling load from the baseline
when required.
Points awarded = 25- (RETV)
2
Baseline : Maximum Permissible RETV = 25 W/m
where RETV  25 W/m2
1.03b Internal Organisation Cap at 2 points
Design for natural ventilation in following common areas:
Extent of Coverage: 80% of applicable areas
(a) Lift lobbies and corridors 1 point
(b) Staircases 1 point

1.03c Ventilation Performance Cap at 10 points

Enhance dwelling unit indoor comfort through the provision of
good natural ventilation design.
(i) Use of ventilation simulation modelling and analysis to
identify the most effective building design and layout to
achieve good natural ventilation for all selected typical
unit types.
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Step 1
Use of ventilation simulation modelling and analysis to identify
the most effective building design and layout to achieve good
natural ventilation provided the following primary evaluation
parameters can be achieved:
3 points if the development has good natural
ventilation – i.e. a minimum 70% of the selected
units with minimum weighted average wind
velocity of 0.60 m/s

 A minimum 60% of Dwelling Units with window openings

facing the prevailing north or north-east and south or
south-east directions AND a minimum 2.7 Pa of Global
Pressure Differential of Dwelling Units located at building
mid height level
OR

 If less than 60% of Dwelling Units with window openings

facing the prevailing north or north-east and south or
south-east directions, a minimum 4.3 Pa of Global
Pressure Differential of Dwelling Units located at building
mid height level.

OR

Step 2
Use of ventilation simulation modelling and analysis or wind
tunnel testing to identify the most effective building design and
layout to achieve good natural ventilation. Points scored = (% of selected typical units with
good natural ventilation)/7
Note:
Development scoring for 1.03c (i) Step 2- Ventilation Simulation (up to 10 points)
Modelling is not eligible to score under 1.03c (ii)

OR

Step 3
Thermal comfort modelling shall be performed based on the
following PMV equation and comply with the stated PMV range
1 point if the development complies with the
PMV= -11.7853+0.4232T-0.57889V
thermal comfort criteria
PMV Range PPD
-0.5<PMV<+0.5* <10*

where PMV is Predicted Mean Vote

PPD is Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied
T is indoor air temperature (°C). Baseline of T is 29.5°C
V is indoor wind speed (m/s)
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(ii) Effective building layout design and unit design reduce the
need for using air-conditioning.
Design for air flow within dwelling units
0.5 point for every 10% of units with window
 Building layout design: Proper design of building
layout that utilizes prevailing wind conditions to openings facing north AND south directions
achieve adequate cross ventilation.

 Dwelling unit design: Good ventilation in indoor units 0.5 point for every 10% of living rooms and
through sufficient openings. bedrooms designed with true cross ventilation

Note: (Up to 7 points)

Development scoring for 1.03c (i) Ventilation Simulation Step 2
is not eligible to score under 1.03c (ii)
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Part 2 – Building Energy Performance Green Mark Points

2.01 Energy Efficiency

2.01a Air Conditioning System Efficiency Cap at 6 points

Use energy efficient air-conditioners that are certified Air-conditioners labelled with
under the Singapore Energy Labelling Scheme or
Four ticks – 3 points
equivalent COP (Coefficient of Performance).
Five ticks – 5 points
Extent of coverage: At least 80% of air-conditioners
The project team shall demonstrate through ventilation
used in all dwelling units
simulation modelling and analysis e.g. computer fluid
computation (CFD) to ensure that hot air can be
effectively discharged and the declared efficiency of the
air-conditioning system can achieve. Details for the 1 point for using CFD to ensure effectiveness
housing of the condenser units such as clearance spaces OR
and screens shall be considered.
0.5 point for design with adequate clearance distance
Note: for condenser units and screens for condenser units
For developments where air-conditioners are not shall be more than or equal to 70% of free area
provided, points will be scored and prorated under 1.03c
i) for Ventilation Performance

2.01b Lighting Efficiency Cap at 4 points

Encourage the use of energy efficient lighting in common
areas to minimise energy consumption from lighting
usage while maintaining proper lighting level.
Baseline = Maximum lighting power budget stated in
SS530
0.12 point for every percentage improvement in the
lighting power budget above 10% improvement over
baseline
Points scored = 0.12 x (% improvement-10%)

2.02c Car Park Energy Cap at 2 points

Encourage the use of energy efficient design and control
of ventilation systems in car parks
Naturally ventilated car parks – 2 points
a) Car parks are designed with natural ventilation
Mode of mechanical ventilation provided
b) Mechanical ventilated car parks with CO sensors
Fume extract – 1.5 points
installed to regulate the ventilation required.
Mechanical ventilated with or without supply (air) – 1
point
Note:
Where there is a combination of different ventilation
mode adopted for car park design, the points obtained
will be prorated accordingly
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2.02 Energy Effectiveness

2.02a Energy Efficient Practices, Design and Features Cap at 5 points

Encourage the use of energy efficient features which are
innovative and have positive environmental impact.
Use of the following energy efficient features such as:
1 point for high impact item ≥ 80%
(i) Gas water heater or energy efficient heat
0.5 point for low impact item ≥ 50%
pump water heater

(ii) Heat recovery system

(iii) Regenerative lift

(iv) Energy labelled appliances such as 4 ticks

refrigerator, 5 ticks clothes dryer and 5 ticks TV

(v) Calculation of Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)

(vi) Others

2.03 Renewable Energy

2.03a Feasibility Study Cap at 0.5 point

To conduct a feasibility study on harnessing solar energy,
covering the intent, scope and assessment of the
0.5 point
proposed project, the technical and financial aspects and
also include roof spatial optimisation.

2.03b Solar Ready Roof Cap at 1.5 points

Solar ready roof includes the structural readiness, roof
layout and electrical readiness provision as follows:

 Structural readiness: Roof to be designed to

0.5 point each
accommodate an optimised easy structural
installation of solar panels on rooftop spaces
 Electrical readiness: Provisions to be put in
place to accommodate an optimised easy
electrical installation of solar panels on rooftop
spaces
 Spatial readiness: Roof to be designed to
optimise the available non-shaded rooftop
area for photovoltaic adoption of roof spatial
optimization.

2.03c Replacement Energy Cap at 6 points

To encourage annual replacement of electricity (based 1 point for every 1% replacement of electricity
on building electricity consumption) by renewable replacement (exclude household’s usage) by
energy. renewable energy
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Part 3 – Resource Stewardship Green Mark Points

3.01 Water

3.01a Water Efficiency Measures Cap at 9 points

Reduce potable water consumption through the use of
water efficient fittings/products and systems
(i) Dwelling units – Provision of products that are
certified under WELS Rating based on Water Points scored based
Efficiency Labelling Scheme on the number,
 Basin taps and mixers (WELS) water efficiency
rating of the products
 Sink taps and mixers Very Good Excellent used
 Shower taps and mixers or Showerheads Weightage

 Dual Flush flushing cisterns 6 7 Up to 7 points

 Clothes washing machines
(ii) Provision of water efficient automated irrigation
system and/or drought tolerant plants.

 Automated irrigation system with sensor 0.5 point for every 25% of landscape area served
control 0.5 point for every 20% of landscape area
 Drought tolerant plant (Up to 2 points)
3.01b Water Usage Monitoring Cap at 1 point
Facilitate setting of water consumption reduction targets
and continual monitoring through the provision of water
meters for major water uses.

(i) Private meters 0.5 point

(ii) Smart remote metering system 1 point

3.01c Alternative Water Sources Cap at 3 points

Encourage the use of alternative water sources to reduce
potable water consumption for general application and
use
1 point
(i) NEWater supply
(ii) On-site recycled water 1 point
1 point
(iii) Rainwater harvested
3.02 Materials

3.02a Sustainable Construction Cap at 8 points

(i) Conservation and Resource Recovery
To reward conservation of existing building structures
and recovery of demolished building materials for reuse
or recycling. 1 point

Where existing building structures on site are

demolished, 1 point can be awarded for enhanced
demolition protocol, where a recovery rate of >35%
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crushed concrete waste from the demolished building is

sent to approve recyclers with proper facilities.
ii) Resource Optimisation
Part 1. Concrete Usage Index (CUI) Criteria Points
To optimise concrete use through the calculation of the CUI
project’s Concrete Usage Index (CUI) and encourage Cap at 4 points
adoption of sustainable building systems. Adoption of Sustainable
Building Systems

CUI:
Points shall be scored for CUI are based on the following
table:
Table 3.02a-1 CUI scoring Matrix:

Project’s CUI Points

≤ 0.60 0.5
≤ 0.50 1

≤ 0.45 1.5
≤ 0.40 2

≤ 0.35 2.5

Adoption of sustainable building systems Adoption of sustainable building systems

Points shall be scored for the adoption of key/distinctive
Examples of sustainable building systems: sustainable building systems (refer to Table below)
 Pre-stressed Concrete Elements based upon the extent of their use as a percentage of
the constructed floor area (CFA).
 Hollow Core or Voided Concrete
Elements Extent of use Points
 Light Weight Concrete Elements
 *High Strength Concrete Elements Total coverage area ≤ 25% 0.5
 Structural Steel Elements of CFA
 Composite Structural Elements
Total coverage area ≤ 50% 1
 Engineered Timber Elements
of CFA
 Prefabricated Prefinished
Volumetric Construction (PPVC) Total coverage area ≤ 75% 1.5
 Precast Concrete Elements of CFA
 Leave-in Formwork
 Others (to be accepted by BCA on
a case-by-case basis)
*Refers to concrete grade >60MPa
 21

Part 2. Low-Carbon Concrete Cap at 3 points

To replace the use of concrete within a project with green
cements and recycled aggregates
Applicable for superstructure works only.
Use of recycled/ engineered aggregates e.g. RCA and
WCS
0.5 points can be scored for every 5% replacement by
mass of coarse and/or fine aggregates with recycled/
engineered aggregates from approved sources for the
superstructure concrete.
However, the use of coarse and fine recycled/
engineered aggregates in structural applications shall be
limited to 10% replacement by mass unless approval is
obtained from the relevant authorities.
Usage should not fall below 1.5% x GFA for coarse
recycled/ engineered aggregates and 0.75% x GFA for
fine recycled/engineered fine aggregates.
(Up to 1 point)
Clinker Content:
Up to 2 points can be scored for the use of concrete
containing clinker ≤400 kg/m3 for grades up to C50/60
for ≥80% of the applicable super-structural concrete by
volume, according to the performance requirements in
the specifications. Tiered points will also be awarded for
using concrete certified by SGBC based on the extent of
environmental friendliness.
*Concrete Categories Points (or
points tier)

Uncertified concrete with clinker 0.5

content ≤400 kg/m3
SGBC-certified 1-Tick concrete 1.0
SGBC-certified 2-Tick concrete 1.5

SGBC-certified 3-Tick concrete 2.0

*Note: All SGBC-certified concrete are deemed to have

fulfilled the requirement of clinker content <400kg/m 3
(Up to 2 points)
3.02b Embodied Energy Cap at 2 points
This involves the computation of the carbon footprint of Use of BCA Online Embodied Carbon Calculator to
the development and the building life cycle analysis to compute carbon emission of various building materials
better quantify the environmental impact of a building (as shown in table below)
and raise awareness among key decision makers.
Up to 2 points can be scored for computing the carbon
footprint of the development:
Description Points

Declaration of Concrete, 1
Glass and Steel
Declaration of additional 0.25 points per
materials material (cap at 1
point)
 22

3.02c Sustainable Products Cap at 8 points

(i) Functional Systems Whole building (include residential units)
The use of material and products in a building has a direct Base Group
impact on the quality of the environment.
(To score this group Finishes Group
Reduced use of products should be encouraged to reduce Functional prior to score for
System Finishes Group)
waste and embodied carbon in buildings.
Category
Where building uses only necessary and required Coverage Coverage
products; such products should be those certified by the >60% >60%
approved local certification bodies to help designers and
consumers make informed choice in selecting products Internal Wall 1 2
that are manufactured responsibly and has low or no Internal Floor 1 2
emission that is detrimental to the wellbeing of the users
and occupants. 2 (coverage
External Wall 1 (coverage >80%)
>80%)
Products used in building are categorized into 6
functional systems and a singular products category and 0.5 (coverage
Roof 0.5 (coverage >80%)
points are scored by categories. >80%)

Doors 1 0.5

Ceiling 0.5 0.5

Common area only (exclude residential units)

Base Group

(To score this group Finishes Group

Functional prior to score for
System Finishes Group)
Category
Coverage Coverage

>80% >80%

Internal Wall 0.5 1

Internal Floor 0.5 1

External Wall 1 2

Roof 0.5 0.5

Doors 0.5 0.25

Ceiling 0.25 0.25

Note: The coverage for External wall and Roof system

shall be >80% for both tables
(Up to 6 points)
(ii) Singular Sustainable Products outside of Functional
Systems
To encourage the use of sustainable products that do not Coverage
Singular products category
fall into the functional systems such as >80%
 Hardscape - Includes items such as composite Hardscape & Softscape & 0.25 point per product
timber decking, outdoor play equipment, pre- Building Equipment &
cast kerbs and drains, wheel stoppers in car Fixtures etc
parks, drainage cells etc.
 23

 Building services - Mechanical, electrical and 0.25 point for each product used
plumbing equipment or products such as
for ≥ 90% of the applicable use
chillers, circuit boards, transformers, water
pipes

(Up to 2 points)
3.03 Waste

3.03a Environmental Construction Management Plan Cap at 1 point

Encourage holistic environmental management plan to
facilitate better environmental performance of
1 point
construction process and waste minimisation.

3.03b Operational Waste Management Cap at 3 points

Encourage the provision of dedicated facilities for
recycling purposes.
(i) Provision of recycling facilities in common areas for
1 point
collection and storage of different recyclable waste
such as paper, glass, metal and plastic in commingled
or sorted form.

(ii) Provision of facilities for the storage and composting 1 point

of horticultural waste in common areas.

(iii) Web portal or dashboard which promotes recycling

1 point
efforts
 24

Part 4 – Smart and Healthy Building Green Mark Points

4.01 Indoor Air Quality

4.01a Occupant Comfort Cap at 2 points

For design taking into account of non-prevailing wind
and without the use of air-conditioner:
For living room only - 1 point
To encourage provision of assisted mechanism to
For all living room, bedrooms – 2 points
achieve thermal comfort for occupant residential
spaces

4.01b Contaminants Cap at 6 points

(i) More Stringent VOC Limits for Interior Fittings and
Finishes
Points scored based on extent of coverage and the % of
Minimise airborne contaminants, mainly from inside applicable areas with such provision:
sources to promote a healthy indoor environment. To
encourage use of low VOC emitting interior finishes
that are certified by approved local certification bodies

 Adhesives & sealants (including tile grouting)
 Floor coverings such as carpets, laminates
and vinyl flooring (excluding tiles)
 Ceiling coverings such as ceiling boards,
 Wall coverings (excluding tiles)
1 point for one main category of finishes (excluding tiles)
for ≥ 90% of applicable areas
3 points for all finishes for ≥ 90% of applicable areas
(Up to 3 points)

 Varnish, stains, lacquers or other trims

(including doors and furniture)

(ii) Waste Disposal

1 point
Minimise airborne contaminants from waste by
locating refuse chutes or waste disposal area at open
ventilated areas such as service balconies or common
corridors.

(iii) Indoor Air Quality in Wet Areas

Points scored based on the % of applicable areas with
Provision of adequate natural ventilation and such provision
daylighting in wet areas such as kitchens, bathrooms
and toilets. Fumes from stove(s) should be adequately 1 point for 50% to 90% of applicable areas
ventilated to exterior, instead of spreading to other 2 points for ≥ 90% of applicable areas
occupied spaces

(Up to 2 points)

4.02 Spatial Quality
4.02a Lighting
(i) Effective Daylighting
To encourage effective daylighting and potential for
visual discomfort mitigation strategies in residential
units; in bedrooms, living room, family room and study
room.
Two methods are available for evaluating and
reporting of daylight provision
(i) Simplified Daylit Area Matrix
(ii) Full simulation – refer to Simulation guideline
(ii) Potential Glare and daylight control measures
Simple strategies to allow building occupants to adjust
their environment to reduce discomfort glare during
certain times of the day, whilst allowing effective
daylight to enter functional areas
(iii) Daylighting in common areas
To encourage effective daylighting
(i) Staircases
(ii) Corridors & Lift Lobbies
(iii) Car parks
25
Cap at 5 points
For Exemplary Daylit Dwelling Design
Each Residential unit to meet DA200lux, 50% minimum in
75% (exclude area with glare) of applicable area to qualify
in the count of number of residential units are daylit.
Total Residential Units meet the
daylit requirment
x 100% x 3 points
Total Number of Units
For acceptable Daylit Dwelling Design
Each Residential units to meet DA200lux, 50% minimum in
60% (exclude area with glare) of applicable area to qualify
in the count of number of residential units are daylit.
Total Residential Units meet the
daylit requirement
x 100% x 2 points
Total Number of Units
( Up to 3 points)
Provision of any of the strategies for at least 90% of
residential units with glare:
 Blinds and Screens
 Light shelf
 Glazing treatments (Variable opacity glazing, bi-level
glazing)
Note: for projects using simulation method; the strategies
used for glare mitigation must be shown in simulation
that it is effective in mitigation.
(0.5 point)
The provision of daylit spaces will be prorated to the
extent of coverage (by number)
0.5 point each (prorated by numbers)
(Up to 1.5 points)
 26

4.02b Acoustics Cap at 2 points

(i) Acoustics Planning

Architectural design to avoid windows of living rooms 1 point
and bedrooms to be in immediate proximity/facing to
noise sources within site boundary and 70 metres away
from building boundary.
Noise sources include:
1) Category 1 and category 2 road
2) MRT tracks and stations

(ii) Acoustics Design

Acoustic design report meeting relevant authority’s 1 point
requirement with an aggregate area of not less than
10% of the room/space to be ventilated. Credit is given
for implementation of recommendations stated in the
report to meet acoustic requirement.

4.02c Wellbeing Cap at 2 points

(i) Biophilic Design

Including elements of nature in comfortable spaces to Adoption of Biophilic and Wellbeing Design
nurture the human-nature relationship is important for
the health and happiness of the building users.
0.15 point per element
i) Provision of nature in common areas:
a) Daylighting and natural ventilation
(Up to 1 point)
b) Water features
c) Extensive greenery
Additional 1 point can be scored under Advanced Green
d) Fauna, beyond insect species
Effort – 5.04 Social Benefits
e) Natural landscape and ecosystems
ii) Provision of indirect experience of nature in
building design:
a) Images of nature
b) Use of natural materials like wood and
stone
c) Use of natural colours
d) Adoption of naturalistic shapes and
forms (including plants and animals)
e) Demonstrate the passage of time and
age
f) Use of natural geometrics including
"Golden Ratio” and “Fibonacci
Sequence"
g) Adoption of biomimicry (such as big tree
structure in Garden by the Bay)
 27

iii) Provision of features to facilitate experience

of space and place:
a) Design incorporating at least 2 distinct
areas of prospect and refuge such as
balconies, designated lookout areas
along corridors
b) Design incorporating organised
complexity such as complicated
patterned façade design
c) Design incorporating integration of parts
to wholes
d) Provision of at least 3 different
transitional environments between
spaces such as sheltered walkway to car
park, porches that link indoor to outdoor
areas.
e) Facilitate wayfinding in terms of locality
and map provision in the whole
development
f) Designate as least 2 cultural defined
locations
iv) Provision of space in common areas for
lifestyle wellbeing:
a) Designated gardening/farming areas
b) Playground
c) Fitness corner
d) Dedicated running tracks with marked
distance information
e) Designated areas for wellness activities
with peaceful ambience

(ii) Universal Design Mark

Adopt a user-centric philosophy in design, operations UD Mark Certified or Gold Award
and maintenance.
(0.5 point)
UD Mark GoldPLUS or Platinum Award
(1 point)
 28

4.03 Smart Building Operations

4.03a Energy Monitoring Cap at 2 points

To encourage tracking a building and residents’ energy
use with data presented in a relevant manner to
engage occupants to be involved in managing energy
consumption, through open standards to future-proof
the building’s network and facilitate exchange of data
with other systems.

 Provision of a power meter with dashboard

in the form of digital displays in common 0.5 point
areas, or web-based and mobile applications.

 Provision of a power meter with dashboard

made available to residents / occupants,
showing the energy consumption in their
0.5 point
respective dwellings.
 Using BACnet, Modbus or any other non-
proprietary protocol as the network
backbone for the building management
1 point
system (BMS), with the system being able to
provide scheduled export of a set of any
chosen data points to commonly used file
formats.

4.03b Demand Control Cap at 2 points

To encourage adoption of automated controllers in
managing energy/ resources consumption in the
common areas of residential developments.

 Provision of timer sensors / controls for

lighting and ventilation systems in 0.5 point each
community spaces such as link buildings,
community halls, etc.

 Provision of Bi-level motion sensors for

artificial lighting systems in >80% of the
common areas.

 Provision of car park guidance system in

multi-storey car parks.

 Others (to be accepted by BCA on a case-to-

case basis)
4.03c Integration and Analytics Cap at 2 points
To encourage innovative and integrative use of sensor
and motion data for optimizing or attaining persistence
of high performance and energy efficiency of the
residential development.
 Provision of website and/or accessible 1 point each
monthly readout per residential block / unit
to engage residents.
 29

 Provision of energy portal and/or dashboard

for residential development management
team.

 Others (to be accepted by BCA on a case-to-

case basis)

4.03d System Handover and Documentation Cap at 2 points

To encourage systems verification and to ensure
operational continuity from construction to building
maintenance and operation.

 Proper system verification and handover of

higher-order functional and system level 1 point
performance of buildings control systems,
mechanical systems and electrical systems.
The project shall demonstrate a commitment
to comply with verification requirements and
show evidence of relevant schedules and
documentation per residential block.

 Proper system verification and handover of

applicable mechanical and electrical systems.
The project shall demonstrate a commitment 1 point
to comply with verification requirements and
show evidence of relevant schedules and
documentation per residential unit.
 30

Part 5 – Advanced Green Efforts Green Mark Points

5.01 Enhanced Performance Cap at 15 points

5.01a Passive Design Strategies

To encourage design that optimises prevailing wind Extent of Coverage: 80% of applicable areas
conditions and facilitates air flow such as

 For development with multiple blocks,

1 point for each strategy
staggering the blocks such that blocks behind
are able to receive wind penetrating through (Up to 3 points)
the gaps between the blocks in the front row
or arrange building according to ascending
height with lower height in front and towards
the direction of prevailing wind
 Provision of either void decks at the ground
floor or void spaces in between buildings to
encourage air flow through and around
buildings

 Carry out macro ventilation simulation to

check block layout to ensure passive design
been considered from the early design stage

5.01b Sustainable Stormwater Management

To reduce storm surges and improve quality of water 1 point for projects certified under PUB ABC Waters
entering the public drains through infiltration or design ‘Gold Class’ certification
features.

5.01c Wind Driven Rain Simulation

To encourage design that uses wind driven rain 1 point to conduct wind driven rain simulation to identify
simulation modelling to identify effective building effective building design and layout
design and layout that minimises the impact of wind-
driven rain into naturally ventilated common areas such
as lift lobbies and corridor areas where there might be 1 point for implementation of recommendations
concerns, drop-off area and communal space such as
sky garden.
5.01d Energy Efficient Features
To encourage the use of energy efficient features which
are innovative and have positive environmental impact
in terms of energy saving.
1 point for window to wall ratio (WWR) of less than 0.5
 Use of thermal insulation or cool paints on
the east and west facing external walls 0.5 point for WWR that is between 0.5 to 0.8

 Provision of vertical greenery system on 2 points for more than 50% of building facades
building facades abutting the living rooms,
dining areas and bedrooms of dwelling units 1 point for at least 25% of building facades
 31

5.01e Additional Replacement Energy

To encourage additional replacement of electricity % replacement of electricity (exclude household’s usage)
(based on building electricity consumption) by by renewable energy
renewable energy.
1 point for every 10%
(Up to 10 points)

5.01f Smart Water Management System

Provision of smart home water management system to
facilitate further water reduction opportunities and to
encourage water saving habits.
1 point
 System/device that allows homeowners to
access to their own water usage data

 System/device that provides homeowners the 2 points

breakdown of their major water uses

5.01g Smart BIM

To encourage the use of Smart BIM:

 4D(Time) BIM 1 point each

 5D(Cost) BIM
 6D(Facilities Management) BIM

To use BCA supported BIM based Concrete Usage Index 1 point

(CUI) calculator to calculate CUI.

( Up to 3 points)

5.01h Sustainable Products

To encourage the use of products with a Very Good Tick Rating
rating (2 ticks) or above under the Singapore Green
Building Product (SGBP) certification scheme. 2 ticks- 0.25
3 ticks- 0.5
Additional Green 4 ticks- 1
Effort (by products)
(Functional system and
Singular Products - Up to 2
points)
 32

5.01i Embodied Energy

To encourage additional effort in the computation of
the carbon footprint of the development and the
building life cycle analysis to better quantify the
environmental impact of a building and raise awareness
among key decision makers, such as:

 Provide own material emission factors 0.25 points per material

through BCA’s online embodied carbon (Up to 1 point)
calculator
 Computing the carbon footprint of the entire 2 points
development and develop detailed carbon
footprint report based on ALL the materials
used within the project. (2 points)

( up to 2 points)

5.01j Clean Outdoor Air

Provision of a space/room in the unit with minimum
outdoor air in occupant space when windows are
Provision of clean outdoor air (2 points)
closed, particularly when there is poor outdoor air
quality condition [0.3 l/s per m2 floor area for that space/room]

Provision of portable air cleaner for more than 80% of

the units (0.5 point)

(Up to 2 points)

5.01k Smart Building Operations

To encourage innovative smart building operations.

 Car park data collection system with open- 1 point

protocol support for lighting / space control

 Integration of systems for energy savings, etc 0.5 point

 Mobile application for monitoring / 0.5 point

controlling of electrical / water consumption

5.01l Other green features

To encourage the use of other green features that are Extent of coverage: 80% of the applicable equipment type
innovative and have positive environmental impact. or product

1 point for high impact item ≥ 80%

0.5 point for low impact item ≥ 50%
(Up to 2 points)
 33

5.02 Demonstrating Cost Effective Design Cap at 2 points

5.02a Cost neutral design

To encourage projects that can demonstrate that they 2 points
have achieved high levels of environmental
performance without an increased capital expenditure.
The project is designed with zero green premium when
compared to conventional building design that meets
the code and regulatory requirements.

5.03 Complementary Certifications Cap at 1 point

5.03a Complementary certifications
To encourage the use of an approved local or 1 point
international rating tool that rates sustainability
beyond the built environment.

5.04 Social Benefits Cap at 2 points

5.04a Social benefits

To encourage projects that demonstrate their social
benefits or how social sustainability has been
incorporated into the project. This can (but not limited 0.5 point each
to) include efforts that demonstrate enhanced
considerations to wellbeing, community integration
efforts and clean energy purchase through leasing
contracts.
 34

GM RB: 2016 Points Summary

S/N Item Points
1. Climatic Responsive Design 35
1.01 Leadership 8
1.01a Climatic and Contextually Responsive Brief 1
1.01b Integrative Design Process 2
1.01c Environmental Credentials of Project Team 2
1.01d Building Information Modelling 2
1.01e User Engagement 1
1.02 Urban Harmony 10
1.02a Sustainable Urbanism 5
1.02b Integrated Landscape and Waterscape 5
1.03 Tropicality 17
1.03a Tropical Façade Performance 5
1.03b Internal Organisation 2
1.03c Ventilation Performance 10
2. Building Energy Performance 25
2.01 Energy Efficiency 12
2.01a Air Conditioning System Efficiency 6
2.01b Lighting Efficiency 4
2.01c Car Park Energy 2
2.02 Energy Effectiveness 5
2.02a Energy Efficient Practices, Design and Features 5
2.03 Renewable Energy 8
2.03a Feasibility Study 0.5
2.03b Solar Ready Roof 1.5
2.03c Replacement Energy 6
3. Resource Stewardship 35
3.01 Water 13
3.01a Water Efficiency Measures 9
3.01b Water Usage Monitoring 1
3.01c Alternative Water Sources 3
3.02 Materials 18
3.02a Sustainable Construction 8
3.02b Embodied Energy 2
3.02c Sustainable Products 8
3.03 Waste 4
3.03a Environmental Construction Management Plan 1
3.03b Operational Waste Management 3
4. Smart and Healthy Building 25
4.01 Indoor Air Quality 8
4.01a Occupant Comfort 2
4.01b Contaminants 6
4.02 Spatial Quality 9
4.02a Lighting 5
4.02b Acoustics 2
4.02c Wellbeing 2
4.03 Smart Building Operations 8
4.03a Energy Monitoring 2
4.03b Demand Control 2
4.03c Integration and Analytics 2
4.03d System Handover and Documentation 2
5. Advanced Green Efforts 20
5.01 Enhanced Performance 15
5.02 Demonstrating Cost Effective Design 2
5.03 Complementary Certifications 1
5.04 Social Benefits 2

References
P.02 Residential Envelope and Roof Thermal Transfer
[1] BCA Singapore ‘Code on Envelope Thermal Performance for
Buildings’;
http://www.bca.gov.sg/PerformanceBased/others/RETV.pdf
P.03 Ventilation Performance
[2] BCA Singapore; ‘BCA Green Mark Computational Fluid
Dynamic Simulation Guidelines’
P.04 Air Tightness and Leakage
[3] Singapore Standard 212 – ‘Specification for Aluminium Alloy
Windows’; SPRING Singapore
[4] Singapore Standard 381 – Materials and Performance Tests for
Aluminium Curtain Walls
1.01a Climatic & Contextually Responsive Brief
[5] The Singapore Institute of Architects ‘Attributes
of a Sustainable Built Environment’; SIA Publishing
[6] Sinclair, D. ‘Guide to Using the RIBA Plan of Work
2013’; RIBA Publishing
1.01b Integrative Design Process
[7] ASHRAE Standard 189.1 ‘Standard for the Design
of High-Performance Green Buildings – Informative
Appendix H – Integrated Design’; American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers
[8] Sinclair, D. ‘Assembling a Collaborative Project
Team, Practical Tools including Multidisciplinary Schedules
of Services’; RIBA Publishing
[9] Integrative Process (IP) - ANSI Consensus National
Standard Guide ‘Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and
Communities’; American National Standards Institute
1.01c Environmental Credentials of Project Team
[10] BCA Singapore ‘Certified GMFM /GMFP / GMM / GMP; Retrieved:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/gm_manager.html
[11] BCA Singapore ‘Green and Gracious Builder Award’; Retrieved:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/Awards/GGBA/builders_award.html
[12] ISO 14001 ‘Environmental management’; International
Organisation for Standardisation
[13] Singapore Green Building Council ‘Green Services Certification
Scheme’; Retrieved:
http://www.sgbc.sg/green-certifications/services-certification/
1.01d Building Information Modelling (BIM)
[14] BCA Singapore ‘Singapore BIM Guide – Version 2’; Retrieved:
https://www.corenet.gov.sg/media/586132/Singapore-BIM-
Guide_V2.pdf
[15] Sinclair, D. ‘BIM Overlay to the RIBA Outline Plan of Work’; RIBA
Publishing
1.01e User Engagement
[16] BCA Singapore ‘BCA Green Lease Toolkit: Office Green Schedule’;
Retrieved:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/Office_Green_Schedule.docx
[17] BCA Singapore ‘BCA Green Lease Toolkit: Retail Green Schedule’;
Retrieved:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/Retail_Green_Schedule.docx
1.02a Sustainable Urbanism
[18] Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland (2002)
‘Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact
Statements (EIS)’; Retrieved:
http://www.epa.ie/pubs/advice/ea/guidelines/#.VRks5-H1Jww
35
[19] European Commission (2015) ‘Environmental Impact Assessment
Guidance’; Retrieved:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/eia-support.htm
[20] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ‘National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)’ Retrieved;
http://www.epw.senate.gov/nepa69.pdf
[21] ASTM E1980 -11 ‘Standard Practice for
Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and
Low Sloped Opaque Surfaces’; ASTM International
1.02b Integrated Landscape and Waterscape
[22] National Parks Board ‘1001 Garden Plants in Singapore
2nd edition’; NParks Publication
[23] National Parks Board ‘Trees of our Garden
City, 2nd edition’; NParks Publication
[24] National Parks Board, ‘NParks Flora and
Fauna Web’; Retrieved
https://florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg/
[25] National Parks Board ‘Landscape Excellence Assesment
Framework (LEAF)’; Retrieved:
https://www.nparks.gov.sg/partner-us/landscape-
industry/leaf
[26] Public Utilities Board‘Active Beautiful Clean Waters
Design Guidelines, 3rd Edition’; Retrieved:
http://www.pub.gov.sg/abcwaters/
abcwatersdesignguidelines/Documents/ABC_DG_2014.pdf
1.03a Tropical Façade Performance
[27] BCA Singapore ‘Code on Envelope Thermal
Performance for Buildings’; Retrieved:
http://www.bca.gov.sg/PerformanceBased/others/RETV.pdf
P.06 Air Conditioning System Efficiency
[28] NEA Singapore Energy Labelling Scheme
2.01b Lighting System Efficiency
[29] Singapore Standard 530 ‘Code of Practice for Energy
Efficiency Standard for Building Services and Equipment’;
SPRING Singapore
[30] Singapore Standard 531 ‘Code of Practice for lighting
of work places - Indoor’; SPRING Singapore
2.01c Car Park Energy
[31] Singapore Standard 530 ‘Code of Practice for Energy
Efficiency Standard for Building Services and Equipment’;
SPRING Singapore
2.02a Energy Efficient Practices, Design and Features
[32] NEA Singapore Energy Labelling Scheme
P.08 Water Fittings for Common Facilites
[33] Singapore Standard CP 48 – Code of Practice For
water services
P.11 Sustainable Products
[34] Singapore Green Building Product (SGBP) Certification
Scheme http://www.sgbc.sg/green-certifications/product-
certification
[35] Singapore Green Label Scheme (SGLS) http://www.sgls.
sec.org.sg/sgls-standard.php
3.01a Water Efficiency Measures
[36] Singapore Standard CP 48 ‘Code of Practice for water
services’; SPRING Singapore
[37] Public Utilities Board, Singapore on Water Efficiency
Labelling Scheme’; https://www.pub.gov.sg/wels
 36

3.02a Sustainable Construction

[38] BCA Singapore Demolition Protocol ’Pre-Demolition
Audit,
Sequential Demolition and Site Waste Management Plan’;
Retrieved
https://www.bca.gov.sg/SustainableConstruction/sc_demolition.html
[39] Singapore Standard 557 ‘Code of Practice for demolition’; SPRING
Singapore
[40] Singapore Standard EN 12620 ‘Specification for aggregates for
concrete’; SPRING Singapore
[41] Singapore Standard EN 197-1 Cement - Part 1 ‘Composition,
specifications and conformity criteria for common cements’; SPRING
Singapore
[42] Singapore Standard EN 206-1 Concrete - Part 1 ‘Concrete:
Specification, performance, production and conformity’; SPRING
Singapore
[43] Singapore Standard 544-1 Concrete ‘Complementary to SS
EN 206-1 - Part 1- Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier’;
SPRING Singapore
[44] Singapore Standard 544-2 Concrete ‘Complementary
Singapore Standard to SS EN 206-1 – Part 2: Specification for constituent
materials and concrete’; SPRING Singapore
[45] Singapore Standard 557 ‘Code of Practice for Demolition’;
SPRING Singapore
3.02b Embodied Carbon
[46] ‘BCA Carbon Calculator’;
https://www.bca.gov.sg/CarbonCalculator
3.02c Sustainable Products
[47] Singapore Green Building Product (SGBP) Certification Scheme
http://www.sgbc.sg/green-certifications/product-certification/
[48] Singapore Green Label Scheme (SGLS)
http://www.sgls.sec.org.sg/sgls-standard.php
4.02a Occupant Comfort
[49] ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2 Ventilation and Acceptable
Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
4.02c Wellbeing
[50] The Practice of Biophilic Design by Stephen R. Kellert, Elizabeth F.
Calabrese
[51] BCA Singapore, Code on Accessibility in the Built
Environment
Annex B
[52] Reinhart, Christoph F. "Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and
automated control of electric lighting and blinds.
 37

Acknowledgements
The launch of Green Mark for Residential Buildings: GM RB 2016 is a result of our extensive industry collaboration across the
construction value chain. We would like to extend our sincerest gratitude to all internal and external stakeholders for their
invaluable support and contribution towards the development of Green Mark RB: 2016 that will enable us to develop a
sustainable environment for our current and future generations.

BCA Working Group (Building and Construction Authority)

Management Er Koh Kin Teng (Squire Mech Pte Ltd)

Mr Ang Kiang Seng Prof Lam Khee Poh (Nanyang Technological University)
Mr Tan Tian Chong Mr Lim Fatt Seng (Comfort Management Pte Ltd)
Mr Jeffery Neng Kwei Sung Er Lim Ming Sing, Alfred (CapitaLand Singapore Ltd)
Ms Leong-Kok Su Ming Mr Lim Tow Fok (Keppel Land Limited)
Mr Toh Eng Shyan Prof Raymond Wong (Nanyang Technological University)
Ms May Siu Yee Ms Susannah West (JLL)
Dr Edward Ang Mr Tan Phay Ping (Building System and Diagnostics Pte Ltd)
Mr Tan Szue Hann (Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd)
Secretariat Mr Tan Tian Chong (Building and Construction Authority)
Ms Lee Sui Fung Mr Teo Orh Hai (Building and Construction Authority)
Ms Neo Hwei Fern Er Tony Tay (Parsons Brinckerhoff Pte Ltd)
Ms Ong Hui Wen
Ms Michelle Tan Minxuan Envelope & Façade Taskforce
Mr Derek Ang Wei Xiang Prof Chou Siaw Kiang, Co-Chair (National University of Singapore)
Mr Alfred Ng (City Developments Ltd)
Workgroup Leads/Co-Lead Ms Maggie Low (Technoform Bautec Asia Pacific Pte Ltd)
Ms Alice Goh Mr Mathieu S. Meur (Meinhardt Façade Technology International)
Ms Chan Vun Ching Mr Alvin Oh S C (Housing & Development Board)
Ms Chris Tay Prof Wong Nyuk Hien (National University of Singapore)
Ms Denise Kwok
Mr Derek Ang Wei Xiang NV Taskforce
Ms Grace Cheok-Chan Prof Wong Nyuk Hien, Co-Chair (National University of Singapore)
Ms Jacqueline Teresa Britto Mr Alfred Ng (City Developments Ltd)
Mr Jordan Liang Dr George Xu (Parsons Brinckerhoff Pte Ltd)
Mr Lim San Teng Mr Markus Cheng (ADDP Architects LLP)
Ms Lee Sui Fung Mr Alvin Oh S C (Housing & Development Board)
Mr Leow Yock Keng Mr Shyan Ong Joe Cher (Mott MacDonald Singapore Pte Ltd)
Mr Li Kunlin Dr Poh Hee Joo
Ms Li Ruixin (Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR)
Mr Low Giau Leong Mr Po Woei Ken (Building System and Diagnostics Pte Ltd)
Mr Max Xu Mingfeng Dr Jonathan Tai Chin Hoe (C2D Solutions Pte Ltd)
Ms Ong Hui Wen Mr Tan Phay Ping (Building System and Diagnostics Pte Ltd)
Mr Amir Wee Kim Hor (CFD Research (Singapore) Pte Ltd)
Green Mark Advisory Committee (Apr 2016 – Jun 2019)
Er Lee Chuan Seng, Chair (Beca Asia Holdings Pte Ltd) Outdoor Air Taskforce
Mr Tang Kok Thye, Deputy Chair (ADDP Architects LLP) Prof Tham Kwok Wai, Co-Chair (National University of Singapore)
Er Lam Siew Wah, Deputy Chair Mr Ng Boon Hock (CapitaLand Singapore Ltd)
(Building and Construction Authority) Mr Wong Ee Ven (Keppel Land International Ltd)
Mr Neo Choon Keong, Deputy Chair Prof Balasubramanium (National University of Singapore)
(Building and Construction Authority) Prof David Cheong Kok Wai (National University of Singapore)
Mr Ang Kian Seng (Building and Construction Authority) Prof Raymond Wong (Nanyang Technological University)
Dr Er Johnny Wong (Housing and Development Board) Mr Tham Shee Leng (National Environment Agency)
Mr Ang Kok Kiat (National Environment Agency) Mr Ron Tan (National Environment Agency)
Mr Anthony Goh (City Developments Limited) Mr Tan Sze Tiong (Housing & Development Board)
Dr Ho Nyok Yong (Samwoh Corporation Pte Ltd) Mr Alvin Oh S C (Housing & Development Board)
Mr Joseph Loh (G-Energy Global Pte Ltd) Mr Huang Dingyong (Housing & Development Board)
Mr Koh Chwee (Jurong Town Corporation) Er Tan Peck Khoon (Rankine & Hill (Singapore) Pte Ltd)

Ms Vivian Feng (Rankine & Hill (Singapore) Pte Ltd)
Mr Jimmy Ang (Rankine & Hill (Singapore) Pte Ltd)
Ms Wong Lai Ching (Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E.Asia))
Mr Yanto Halim (Daikin Airconditioning (Singapore) Pte Ltd)
Mr Swen Tan (Daikin Airconditioning (Singapore) Pte Ltd)
Mr Ke Yam Cheong (Mitsubishi Electric Asia Pte Ltd)
Mr Fenny Lim (Mitsubishi Electric Asia Pte Ltd)
Architectural Taskforce
Mr Cheong Yew Kee, Chair (2B Architects)
Ms Jaye Tan, Co-Chair (Studio Green Pte Ltd)
Mr Siow Zhi Xiang, Co-Chair (CPG Consultants Pte Ltd)
Ms Astee Lim (Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd)
Ms Chang Yen Lin (KPK Quantity Surveyors (Singapore) Pte Ltd)
Mr Kuan Chee Yung (CPG Consultants Pte Ltd)
Mr Sonny Chionh (RSP Architects Planners & Engineers Pte Ltd)
Mr Tan Szue Hann (Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd)
Dr To Kien (Singapore University of Technology and Design)
Green Products & Materials Taskforce
Er Yvonne Soh, Co-Chair (Singapore Green Building Council)
Mr Edwin Fong (SPRING Singapore)
Mr Eugene Yong (The Singapore Contractors Association Ltd)
Mr Goh Su-Liang (Singapore Green Building Council)
Ms Jennifer Yap (National Environmental Agency)
Ms Joanna Shen (National Environmental Agency)
Mr Kavickumar s/o Muruganathan
(Singapore Environment Council)
Mr Kuan Chee Yung (CPG Consultants Pte Ltd)
Mr Lim Tow Fok
(Real Estate Developers’ Association of Singapore)
Mr Ng Wee Kok (Singapore Manufacturer Federation)
Mr Pang Tong Teck (Singapore Civil Defence Force)
Dr Song Bin (Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology)
Lighting Taskforce
Er Yvonne Soh, Co-Chair (Singapore Green Building Council)
Mr Eddy Lau, Co-Chair (Singapore Green Building Council)
Mr Adrian Ting (CapitaLand Limited)
Dr Chien Szu-Cheng
(Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore)
Mr Dan Foreman (ARUP Singapore Pte Ltd)
Mr Gaurav Jain (Lighting Planners Associates (S) Pte Ltd)
Ms Irene Yong (Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E.Asia) Pte Ltd)
Mr Kevin Sturrock (iLab Pte Ltd)
Ms Ong Swee Hong (ONG&ONG Pte Ltd)
Mr Rodney Lim (Singapore Green Building Council)
Ms Toh Yan Li (Light Collab LLP)
Noise & Acoustics Taskforce
Prof Lee Siew Eang, Co-Chair (National University of Singapore)
Mr Alvin Cheong (Alfern Engineering Consultancy Pte Ltd)
Ms Emily Tan Hui Ching (Earth-In-Mind Pte Ltd)
Mr Gabriel Anthony Vincent (CPG Consultants Pte Ltd)
Dr Kenny Yap (Acoustics & Environmental Solutions Pte Ltd)
Er Koh Kin Teng (Squire Mech Pte Ltd)
Mr Lai Kok Heng (City Developments Ltd)
38
Er Tan Kiat Leong
(Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E.Asia) Pte Ltd)
Dr Xu Jingfeng (ARUP Singapore Pte Ltd)
Solar PV Taskforce
Er Lee Chuan Seng, Co-Chair (Beca Asia Holdings Pte Ltd)
Mr Allen Ang (Keppel Land Limited)
Mr Desmond Chan (Singapore Economic Development Board)
Mr Lester Chia Ming Hang (Housing & Development Board)
Dr Er Johnny Wong (Housing & Development Board)
Mr Johnny Lim Chin Huat (Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd)
Ms Kavita Gandhi (Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore)
Mr Kong Wei Jie (Energetix Pte Ltd)
Dr Liu Licheng (Saferay Pte Ltd)
Mr Mark Netto (Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore)
Ms Olivia Oo (Singapore Economic Development Board)
Dr Thomas Reindl
(Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore/ National
University of Singapore)
Sustainable Construction and Carbon taskforce
Er Lim Peng Hong, Co-Chair
(Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore)
Er Chia Wah Kam (ARUP Singapore Pte Ltd)
Dr Ho Nyok Yong (The Singapore Contractors Association Ltd)
Er Joseph Goh (Institution of Engineers Singapore)
Er Lauw Su Wee (LSW Consulting Engineers Singapore)
Dr Song Bin (Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology)
Dr Tan Guan (T.Y. Lin International Group)
Er Quak Cheow Swee
(Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E.Asia) Pte Ltd)
Er Yvonne Soh (Singapore Green Building Council)
Academic Collaborations
Prof Bert Blocken (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Asst Prof J. Alstan Jakubiec
(Singapore University of Technology and Design)
Others
BCA would also like to thank the following organisations who
have made invaluable contributions during the criteria
conceptualisation and piloting phase:
ADDP Architects LLP
ARUP Singapore Pte Ltd
Building System and Diagnostics Pte Ltd
Housing & Development Board
Land Transport Authority
LendLease Pte Ltd
National Environment Agency
National Parks Board
PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency
Singapore Green Building Council
Singapore Institute of Architects
Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd