Flavonoids contain antimicrobial properties where Hibiscus rosa sinensis has.

However, this is not active

against Psudomonas aeruginosa. (Ragasa and Rufino, 2011)

Ragasa, C. Y. and Rufino, L. A. A. (2011). Antimicrobial Flavonoid from

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. The Manila Journal of Science, 12-18.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and
tannins. ( Balangcod, Vallejo, Patacsil, Apostol, Laruan, Manuel, Cortez, & Gutierrez, 2012)

Balangcod, T. D., Vallejo, V. L., Patacsil, M., Apostol, O., Laruan, L. M. V. A., Manuel, J., Cortez, S., &
Gutierrez, R. M. (2012). Phytochemical screening and Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants
of Bayabas, Sablan, Benguet Province, Cordillera Administrative Region, Luzon, Philippines. Indian
Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 11(4), 580-585.

When the antibacterial effect of hibiscus rosa sinensis against P. aeruginosa is showed, it may be
suggested that this will lead to treatment of diarrhea and infection in gastrointestine in man.
Some earlier studies has shown that this specie may have bioactivities because of the phytochemicals it
contains. The flower contains some antioxidant effects which is caused by anthocyanins. (Salem, Perez,
& Salem, 2014)

Salem, M. Z. M., Perez, J. O., & Salem, A. Z. M. (2014). Studies on biological activities and
phytochemicals composition of Hibiscus species- A review.
Life Science Journal, 11(5), 1-8.

The presence of some antibacterial agents found in hibiscus rosa sinensis flower were reported. This
agents are terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. (Udo, Ben, Etuk, & Timothy, 2016).

Udo, I. J., Ben, M. G., Etuk, C. U., & Tiomthy, A. I., (2016). Phytochemical, proximate and antibacterial
properties of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis L. Leaf. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 4(5), 193-195.

PARA:
The presence of secondary metabolites in hibiscus rosa sinensis mainly caused its ability to be antibacterial.
Presence of glycosides, alkaloid, phenols, alkaloid and tannin in hibiscus rosa sinensis were shown in earlier
studies. Flavonoid is an effective antimicrobial agent against a broad range of microbes. Phenolics’ antimicrobial
activity were also proven in some different plants. Plants which possess tannins, also shown their ability as
antimicrobial agents. However, the susceptibility of gram positive bacteria is more than gram negative bacteria. It
can be in the difference of cell wall thickness and components. (Tiwari, 2015)

Tiwari, U. (2015). Study on Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Potential of Methanolic Flower and
Leaf Extracts of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis. International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research, 3(6), 9-
14.