Communications Presentation 2015-04-30

IEEE - Nashville, TN Technical Meeting - April 30, 2015
“Communications”
Rick Preston, Siemens Energy Automation
Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Overview of Topics
•Communications (Protocols, Media, etc.)
•What is IEC61850?
•GOOSE Messaging
•Simplified Network Topology
•Redundancy Options for Communications

Networks (eRSTP, PRP, HSR)
Page 2 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Overview of Topics
•GOOSE Messaging


Communications Protocols
Defines structure
for protection and
System control Communication
configuration
between bay devices
(GOOSE)
Standardized
language for
describing IEC 6150
substation
Standard
communication Time
with TCP - IP synchronization
Based on with SNTP
Ethernet
standard

Communication Types – Serial
Serial Communications using Serial Communications using

Electrical Conductors (Twisted Pair) Fiber Optic Cabling
RS485
Based on
Ethernet
standard

Communication Types – Ethernet TCP/IP
Ethernet Communications using Ethernet Communications using

Electrical Conductors (RJ45) Fiber Optic Cabling
Based on
Ethernet
standard

Substation Automation Evolution

Yesterday

Nowadays

TOMORROW

Example Substation – Mixing Serial and Ethernet Protocols
Corporate HMI
Network TCP/IP
HMI
DCS / Control Centre OPC
DNP
Full Server
Station Bus IEC 61850 (Ethernet)
Protection, Control, Metering

Peer to Peer or Goose
Capable
Modbus, DNP,
Goose Messaging
Profibus DP
Protection, Control, Profinet, DNP Relay Setting Data
highway:
Metering Protection, Fault records 100 MBit/s
Control, Ethernet
Time Synchronization
Metering
Scada
PLC Network Management
(SNMP)

Overview of Topics
•GOOSE Messaging


What Is IEC 61850?
IEC 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical substation automation
Defines structure
for protection and
System control Communication
configuration
between bay devices
(GOOSE)
Standardized
language for
Automatic Fault
describing IEC 61850
record retrieval
substation
(Comtrade format)
Standard
communication Time
with TCP - IP synchronization
Based on with SNTP
Ethernet
standard

Typical Substation Architecture
MMS
GOOSE
Sampled Values
Typical Substation Architecture

Hardwire

IEC61850 Protocols
• Three IEC61850 Protocols
• MMS (Manufacturing Message

Specification)
• GOOSE (Generic Object oriented

Substation Event)
• SV (Sampled Values)
IEC-61850 Communication Stack

Network Concept –IEC 61850
Client Client Client

Unicast
(client-server)
(MMS)
Redundant 100MBit/s Ethernet Net
vs Multicast
Multicast
(peer to peer)
& server server server
server server server (one to many)
(GOOSE)
(Sampled Values)

The IEC 61850 Standard in Brief
IEC 61850 provides a framework to describe

all automation and protection functions of a
Control Center substation or electrical system:
HMI  Standardized language categorized with

extensive naming convention based off the
electrical system
Data
Ethernet LAN Concentrator
 Standardized Engineering based on
vendor-independent function descriptions
 Use devices from different vendors
 Re-use engineering in the future
 Ethernet-based communications
 Interoperability between different vendors
 Non-hardwired inter-device communication

providing protection coordination
IEC61850 Data Structure
Data
Data Class
StV q Ph 1 Ph 2
A Logical Node
Pos (1 to n)
LN1 LN2
(XCBR) (MMXU)
Logical Device
(1 to n)
Logical Device
(IED1)
Physical Device
Physical Device
(network address)

IEC61850 Data Structure
IED1
Logical
+ PTOC IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal
+ RREC Device
- XCBR
Mode (Mode)
+
+
Beh
Logical
+
+ (Behavior )
+
+ Health Node(Health)
+
+ Name (Name plate)
+
+ Loc (Local operation)
+
+ EEHealth (External equipment)
+
+ EEName (External equipment name plate)
+
+ OperCnt (Operation counter)
- Pos (Switch position)
ctlVal Data
stVal Objectintermediate-state (0)
pulseConfig
operTim
Data
off
(Class)
on
(1)
(2)
q Attribute
bad-state (3)
…more
IED1
IED 1 Data
IEC 61850
67 TOC Pick
defines a data model
CB1 is Closed
to enable
I Phase A is 200A
CB1 standardization
V Phase A is 26.3kV

Benefits of IEC61850
1. Communications architecture for

modeling entire power system.
2. Defined data structure that eliminates
the need for time consuming mapping.
3. Promotion of high inter-operability
between systems from different
manufacturers devices.
4. A common language for describing a
power system data model.
5. Definition of the complete testing for
devices which conforms to the standard.

Benefits of IEC61850
The implementation of IEC 61850 allows for a

significant cost reduction in engineering and
IEC 61850 enables
material costs during substation design, testing,
up to 70% reduction
construction and commissioning
in wires

Overview of Topics
•GOOSE Messaging


IEC61850 – GOOSE MECHANISM
At moment of the status The repetition

changes, the GOOSE period is
message is sent decreased until
immediately, this way the Tmax. N
switching from cyclic to spontaneous
spontaneous. Then repeats t = 2N *
Event is sent
starts to repeat at Tmin
cyclically every
minimum time, Tmin.
Tmax
Repetion Time
reaches Tmax, this
way switching
from spontaneous GOOSE message validity and
to cyclic
delivery
 GOOSE Repetition
• TimeMin=TMin
• TimeMax=Tmax
• Trigger event
• Rapid fire mode
 GOOSE Status number
 GOOSE Sequence number

IEC61850 – GOOSE MECHANISM
Sequence Number: 1
State Sequence: 26
Sequence Number: 2
State Sequence: 26
Sequence Number: 3
State Sequence: 26
Sequence Number: 4
State Sequence: 26
GOOSE message validity

and delivery
 GOOSE Repetition
• TimeMin=TMin
• TimeMax=Tmax
• Trigger event
• Rapid fire mode
 GOOSE Status number
 GOOSE Sequence number
Sequence Number: 1047

State Sequence: 25 Sequence Number: 0 A well designed Substation HMI can determine the
State Sequence: 26 health of the network by monitoring sequence or
Sequence Number: 1046 Starts a new
State Sequence: 25 sequence when the state alarms and indications for fast network
status change troubleshooting
Sequence Number: 1045
State Sequence: 25

IEC 61850 Concepts- GOOSE Using
the 802.1Q Frame – Layer 2
CONCEPTS OF THE IEC 61850

STANDARD
 GOOSE Telegram structure
• 4 Tag bytes define the tag control
information
• Up to 1500 data bytes are available per
message
 GOOSE messages must be prioritized
• 0-7 (lowest priority)

IEC 61850 – GOOSE MECHANISM
-Fast:
Using layer 2 frames, doesn’t require any
other layer’s confirmation or connection.
It is a multicast message without
connection or confirmation.
-Ensure delivery of message:

Mathematically, by repeating the same
message in a short period of time, it will
ensure delivery of the message. Besides,
the Receptor verify the message quality
and check if the Transmitter is there by
usage of TimeAllowToLive.
-Priority:
By usage of the priority tag (802.1p).

Enhancements with Edition 2 of IEC61850
Faster Testing and Commissioning Tools for lower Maintenance Cost
Simulation of a GOOSE Message Command with Test =TRUE
IEC 61850 standard continues to evolve with the

publication of edition 2 which simplifies the Ethernet Enables
process of testing and commissioning via a Test Interoperability and
and Simulation Modes Save Costs

Overview of Topics
•GOOSE Messaging


IEC 61850 communication within a substation
Control Center
IEC 608705-104
DNP3 TCP
Substation Controller
1
Station bus
2
3
Process bus
Parallel wiring
Control / Inforeport Merging
Circuit x
1
(approx. 500 ms delay time) Breaker
Unit
GOOSE Inter IED Communication Controller
2
(approx. 10-100 ms, dep. on application) Digital Instrument CT
Sampled Values Transformer
3 VT
(approx 2 ms delay time) Data via IEC61850-9-2

Overview of Topics
•GOOSE Messaging


Principals of redundancy mechanisms
Redundancy with recovery time

 Dual Homing Link Redundancy
Two active links, one is sending,
sending link changes if one link is down
 RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Redundancy IEEE 802.1D-2004
Seamless Redundancy Systems:

 Parallel Redundancy Protocol IEC 62439-3.4
Two active links, both sending, parallel configuration
 High availability seamless redundancy IEC 62439-3.5

Two active links, both sending, ring configuration

Principal of Dual Link (Dual homing) Redundancy
 2 external Switches – directly
connected
dual link
 Devices connected in star
structure to switches
 Devices with two Ethernet
ports
 Port 1 is sending
 Port 2 is standby
.
 Established since 2004.

Features of Dual Link Redundancy
PRO
• Easy to handle
• No settings
• Huge field experience
CONS
• External switches required due to star structure
• Double number of external switches required
• Only supervision of directly linked connections

Principle of RSTP-Configuration
 2 external RSTP-Switches
 Devices with integrated
dual link
RSTP switch
 Rings with up to 30 devices
 Several rings can be
RSTP connected to external
switches
Up to 30
 Setting of RSTP parameters
devices per ring
necessary
.
 Well established technology

( > 250.000 devices)
 Field proven interoperability
RSTP Switch
RSTP over Fast fibre optic Ethernet

Features of RSTP
PRO
• Only one network required
• Redundancy achieved ring structure
• Huge field experience
• Approved IEEE 802.1D-2004 Standard
CONS
• Short reconfiguration time in case of interruption
(dependent from failure location)
• Settings within RSTP switches necessary

Principle of PRP
 Two parallel networks

 Device are connected to
network PRP-A and PRP-B
PRP-A PRP-B  Devices send via both active
links
 RedBox for connection of
non PRP devices
 Seamless
 Interoperability tests done
PRP-Switch
RB
PRP-A network
Non PRP
PRP-B network
devices
RB PRP-RedBox
Field level

Details of redundancy principles
Features of PRP
PRO
• Seamless reconfiguration - No recovery time
• Highest level of redundancy
• Simple mechanism, no special switch settings (as in RSTP)
• “normal” Devices with 1 interface can be connected to one of the PRP-Lan’s (SAN =
Single attached nodes)
• Approved IEC Standard
CONS
• Double number of switches = increased cost
• Switches have to handle Jumbo-Ethernet frames

Principle of HSR-Configuration
 2 Redboxes
 Devices with integrated HSR
PRP-A PRP-B switch
 Rings with up to 50 devices
 Redboxes distributed in the
RB
ring
 Seamless
Up to 50  Interoperability tests done
SIPROTEC
.
devices per ring
PRP-Switch
HSR HSR Ring
RB
RB HSR RedBox
PRP-A connection
PRP-B connection

Features of HSR
High Available Seamless Redundancy
PRO
• Seamless reconfiguration - No recovery time
• One common Network
• cost reduction through ring configuration
• Single attached nodes can only be connected to the HSR network
via a RedBox
• Approved IEC 62439-3 Standard
CONS
• Standard Ethernet components (e.g. PC) can be connected only via
a RedBox

Comparison of redundancy mechanisms
RSTP PRP HSR

Network
ring parallel ring
configuration
Max. devices per Unlimited 512 512
layer 2 network (max. 30 / ring) (max. 50 / ring)
Seamless
- ✔ ✔
(no recovery time)
Parameter free - ✔ ✔
Budget-saving
✔ - ✔
network

RSTP with IED integrated cut- through switches
 Normal operation
DUAL Homing
for Substation Controller
and Gateway
RSTP
blocked
connection
LOOP PREVENTION

 Topology constantly monitored by peer to peer bridge PDU’s
DUAL Homing
and Gateway
RSTP
blocked
connection
LOOP PREVENTION

 Interruption with topology change
DUAL Homing
and Gateway
Interruption! TOPOLOGY
RSTP CHANGE
blocked
connection
LOOP PREVENTION

 New topology after interruption
DUAL Homing
and Gateway
RSTP
CONNECTION
!LINKED!

PRP normal operation
application application
IED IED
Redundancy
Device Redundancy
Manager Manager
interface
A B AA B
PRP-A
PRP-B
Redbox (Redundancy Manager in a Box)
IED

PRP normal operation
IED IED
Redundancy
Device Redundancy
Manager Manager
interface
A B AA B
PRP-A
PRP-B
IED

PRP, case of n-1
IED IED
Redundancy
Device Redundancy
Manager Manager
interface
A B A B
PRP-A
PRP-B
IED

PRP, case of n-1
IED IED
Redundancy
Device Redundancy
Manager Manager
interface
A B A B
PRP-A
PRP-B
IED

HSR –
High Available Seamless Redundancy Principle
IED IED
Redundancy Device Redundancy

Manager Manager
interface
Redbox
Redundancy Redundancy
Manager Manager
IED
IED IED

HSR –
High Available Seamless Redundancy Principle
IED IED

Manager Manager
interface
Redbox
Manager Manager
IED
IED IED

HSR – High Available Seamless Redundancy Principle
IED IED

Manager Manager
interface
Redbox
Manager Manager
IED
IED IED

HSR – High Available Seamless Redundancy Principle
IED IED

Manager Manager
interface
Redbox
Manager Manager
IED
IED IED

PRP/HSR in Parallel and Ring Redundancy
SC
Redundancy
Manager
IED
PRP
IED
IED
IED
HSR IED
IED
IED IED

PRP/HSR in Parallel and Ring Redundancy
SC
Redundancy
Manager
IED
PRP
IED
IED
IED
HSR IED
IED
IED IED

Details of redundancy principles PRP/HSR in Parallel
and Ring Redundancy
SC
Redundancy
Manager
IED
PRP
Failure in
IED
IED
IED parallel string
IED HSR
HSR
IED
IED IED

Details of redundancy principles PRP/HSR in Parallel
and Ring Redundancy
SC
Redundancy
Manager
IED
PRP
Failure in
IED
IED
IED parallel string
IED HSR
HSR
IED
IED IED

Example Network Architecture
Industrial Power Management Systems
Engineering and Clients Operator Station

Maintenance Station
Redundant
Control Center
Servers
Central Non Redundant LV Controller

Controller redundant Controller
Controller
Modbus/Profibus
Interface to SENTRON
Process Control TCP/IP IEC 61850 TCP/IP IEC 61850 TCP/IP IEC 61850
PAC
MV Switchgear MV Switchgear MV Switchgear LV Switchgear

Communications Presentation 2015-04-30

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IEEE - Nashville, TN Technical Meeting - April 30, 2015

Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

•Communications (Protocols, Media, etc.)

•Simplified Network Topology

•Redundancy Options for Communications

Page 2 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

•Communications (Protocols, Media, etc.)

•Simplified Network Topology

•Redundancy Options for Communications

Page 3 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Page 4 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Serial Communications using Serial Communications using

Page 5 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Ethernet Communications using Ethernet Communications using

Page 6 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Page 7 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Page 8 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Page 9 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Page 10 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Protection, Control, Metering

Page 11 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

•Communications (Protocols, Media, etc.)

•Simplified Network Topology

•Redundancy Options for Communications

Page 12 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

IEC 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical substation automation

Page 13 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Typical Substation Architecture

Page 14 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

• Three IEC61850 Protocols

• MMS (Manufacturing Message

• GOOSE (Generic Object oriented

IEC-61850 Communication Stack

Page 15 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Client Client Client

Page 16 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

IEC 61850 provides a framework to describe

HMI  Standardized language categorized with

 Interoperability between different vendors

 Non-hardwired inter-device communication

Page 18 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Page 19 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

1. Communications architecture for

Page 20 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

The implementation of IEC 61850 allows for a

Page 21 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

•Communications (Protocols, Media, etc.)

•Simplified Network Topology

•Redundancy Options for Communications

Page 22 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

At moment of the status The repetition

Page 23 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

GOOSE message validity

Sequence Number: 1047

Page 24 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

CONCEPTS OF THE IEC 61850

Page 25 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

-Ensure delivery of message:

Page 26 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

Faster Testing and Commissioning Tools for lower Maintenance Cost

Simulation of a GOOSE Message Command with Test =TRUE

IEC 61850 standard continues to evolve with the

Page 27 Confidential © Siemens Energy, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved.

•Communications (Protocols, Media, etc.)