LESSON NOTES

Beginner S1 #15
He Will Pay for That!

CONTENTS
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
5 Grammar
6 Cultural Insight

# 15
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 ENGLISH

1. NAOMI: I can't believe Marco! That makes me so mad!

2. OKSANA: I bet!

3. NAOMI: He will pay for that!

4. OKSANA: Pay? How?

5. NAOMI: I'm not sure. But, if we don't do something, many other girls will
suffer.

6. OKSANA: That's true. He tried to invite me too. I will help you!

7. NAOMI: Thanks, Oksana!

8. OKSANA: My pleasure. I know, we should talk with Yuki and Vicky also.

9. NAOMI: Good thinking, Oksana! Vicky is your roommate, right? Do you know
where she is now?

10. OKSANA: I do! She will be in Professor Brooks's class until noon.

11. NAOMI: Let's go wait for her. Then we will find Yuki too this afternoon!

12. OKSANA: Wow, Naomi! I will remember not to betray you!

VOCABULARY

V oc abular y English C lass

to mislead, to disappoint
to betray expectations verb

pleasure state of feeling very gratified noun

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 to suffer to feel pain or distress verb

to locate, to come across

to find after searching verb

I bet of course, definitely phrase

person living in the same

roommate room or apartment or house noun

to invite to request the attendance of verb

noon midday, twelve o'clock p.m. noun

to wait to be in a state of expectation verb

mad angry adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

He betrayed his country and was exiled for The criminal betrayed his partner by taking
it. all the money.

Next time I visit Mexico, I will travel for She takes pleasure in the simple things in
pleasure, not business. life.

Her health was suffering due to stress at I found a penny on the street the other day.
work, which made her very tired.

The pirate found the treasure after years of I bet you're nervous about the exam next
searching. week.

I bet they're having so much fun that they'll My roommate and I always hang out on the
never want to come back! weekends.

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This is my roommate, John. The whole town was invited to the festival.

We are invited to the barbecue next The crime happened at noon yesterday on
Sunday. the corner of the street.

Let's meet around noon to discuss the The lions waited patiently in the tall grass
project. for the zebra to come closer.

We waited and waited but the train never The mad teacher made all the students
came. stay behind and write sentences.

My sister was mad enough that she slammed the door behind her.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

The first phrase we'll look at is "I can't believe Marco!" In the dialogue, Naomi says this when
she talks about Marco to Oksana. Oksana can see that she's very angry with Marco because of
this phrase and her tone of voice. It's an expression of disbelief and we often use it in times of
anger, as in the dialogue, or surprise. Here's an example of the phrase used in the latter
context.

For Example:

1. "I can't believe we won $10,000,000!"

The speaker here is obviously surprised that he or she has won $10,000,000 and therefore
expresses disbelief by using the phrase "I can't believe" in the exclamation.

The next phrase we'll look at is "he will pay for that." The "pay" in this context is not about
money, but about retaliation. It is a phrase we use when we want to punish someone for doing
something bad. In the dialogue, Naomi wants to make Marco pay, meaning that she wants to
get back at him for doing her wrong.

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For Example:

1. "You'll pay for not studying for two weeks!"

This could mean that the person will feel the effects of not studying for two weeks, and
therefore he or she will suffer negative effects.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is the Simple Future with "Will."

"He will pay for that!"

In Beginner Series, Season 1, Lesson 6, we learned about the simple aspect. In this lesson, we
focus on the combination of the simple aspect and the future tense. We usually call this
combination the simple future tense. In the sixth lesson, we explained that the simple aspect's
core meaning is unchanging. That is, we think of the event we are talking about as a complete
whole and not as an event that we expect to change. We use the simple future to talk about
events that have not happened yet or that may happen after now.

For example, when we talk about tomorrow, we usually use the future tense, as in "I will eat a
hamburger for dinner tomorrow." "Will eat" is the future tense of "eat." In this lesson, we can
be a little more specific. We will look at the core meaning of the future tense and the different
ways we can use it.

One thing we need to point out is that there is more than one way to talk about the future in
English. One reason for this is that there is actually no true future tense in English. Usually we
use either the modal "will" before the main verb or we use the phrase "going to." For now, we
will focus on using "will" to talk about the future and we will refer to it as the future tense. To
construct this, we take the dictionary form of the verb and add the modal "will" before it. Using
our previous example, "I will eat a hamburger for dinner tomorrow," we see that the verb is
"will eat," which is the main verb "eat" with the modal "will" before it.

The core meaning of "will" in the future aspect is predictability. In other words, we use "will"
when we think we know what will happen in the future. We saw before that we use the present
tense to talk about immediate facts. In contrast, we cannot know the future as fact. We can,
however, make predictions, often with some certainty. So let's combine the core meaning of
"will" with the core meaning of the simple aspect to see the meaning of the simple future
tense.

Let's look at examples from the dialogue to see how we can use the simple future. In the
dialogue, Naomi tells Oksana about Marco, exclaiming "He will pay for that!" She means that
she predicts that he will suffer for what he did. The reason she makes this prediction is
because she is planning to help it happen. Since she is making a strong prediction and not
talking about a fact, she uses the future tense. And, since she considers the event, Marco's
paying, as a whole event, she uses the simple aspect. This is the most common use of the

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simple future: to make strong predictions about future events. We often use this function of the
simple future with specific times, although that is not the case in our example. An example of
this is "I will take the test tomorrow."

Another example of the simple future in the dialogue is when Oksana tells Naomi, "I will
remember not to betray you!" Oksana has seen how angry Naomi is at Marco and does not
want Naomi to ever be angry with her. So she uses "will" to predict her future behavior. She
also uses the simple aspect of "remember" because remembering is a state that will not
change. So we can use the simple future to talk about future states or habits.

The next example from the dialogue is when Oksana tells Naomi about Vicky, saying "She will
be in Professor Brook's class until noon." Oksana predicts that Vicky will be in class because
she knows her schedule. But, of course, she doesn't have one hundred percent certainty
because it hasn't happened yet. So she uses "will" to make her strong prediction. But since
she is talking about the class as a complete whole, she uses the simple aspect. In this case, the
event has already begun, but the end is just scheduled. So we can use the simple future to
talk about events that are true now that have an ending point in sight.

The final example from the dialogue is when Naomi tells Oksana, "If we don't do something,
many other girls will suffer." In this sentence, Naomi is predicting what will happen based on a
condition. That condition is shown in the phrase "if we don't do something." Because the
result depends on the condition, we cannot know it as a fact: we can only predict it. So Naomi
uses "will" to show the future tense. And because she talks about the event, the suffering of
many girls, as a whole event, she uses the simple aspect. So we can use the simple future to
make predictions based on future conditions.

So to review, we use the simple future to make predictions about future events, especially with
reference to a specific time. We also use it to talk about future states and habits and present
events with a future end in sight, and we use it to make predictions based on future
conditions. By focusing on the core meaning of both the simple aspect and the future tense,
we can recognize the differences in meaning and use. Be sure to review the audio and notes
for the sixth lesson.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Living Quarters in American Colleges

Oftentimes, college students live with roommates in dorms and in off-campus housing.
Sharing the rent with other people is an economical option for students and is also a good way
of meeting people, especially if they live in the dorms. Even after people move out of the
dorms, they may live with roommates in apartments for the very same reasons.

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