1 Water Cooled Chiller (Ikw)

2 VRV (Ikw)
3 Air Cooled Chiller (Ikw)
4 Evaporation loss in cooling tower=
5 Cooling tower capacity(TR)=
6 Blow down =
7 ESHF =
8 ( C X 9/5)+32 =
9 (F-32) X (5/9) =
10 Selected ADP (Aparatus Dew Point) =
11 Dehumified Temp. Rise =
12 Dehumified CFM =
13 Occupancy =
14 Fresh Air =
15 Lighting Load =
16 Equipment Load =
17 Glass U factor =
18 Wall U factor =
19 Sensible heat gain =
20 Latent heat gain =
21 Bypass Factor =
22 Chiller Inlet =
Outlet =
Flow rate (Q) =
Fouling factor =
23 Condenser Inlet =
Outlet =
Flow rate (Q) =
Fouling factor =
24 Cooling Tower Inlet =
Outlet =
Fouling factor =
25 Hot Water Generator Inlet =
Outlet =
26 Range of Cooling Tower =
27
28
29 Duct Design

30 1m=
31 1m=
32 1 sqm =
33 1 TR =
34 1 TR =
35 1 Gallon =
36 1 TR =
37 1 HP =
38 1 TR =
39 Heat pump
40 Convert Watt to BTU/hr =
41 Screw chiller
42 Centrifugal chiller
43 NRV or Check valve
44 Ball valve
45 Butterfly valve
46 valve actuator
47 Control valve
48 Y-strainer
49 Balancing valve
50 Convert HP to BTU/hr =
51 Aluminium Duct
52 G.I. Duct
53 Water Cooled Chiller (refrigerant)
54 Air Cooled Chiller (refrigerant)
55 VRV (refrigerant)

56 Heat Load design parameters

57 Flow rate (Q) =

58 Diversity for VRV =
59 List of makes
Chiller
Pump
Cooling Tower
AHU/FCU
Packaged/Hi wall/Ductable
Cooling/Heating coil
Axial Fan
Inline Fan
Chilled Pipe
Butterfly valve
2 way,3 way valve
Pressure gauge
Thermometers

60 Area of straight duct =

61 Area of Reducer or Taper =

62 Area of bend =
63 Area of dead end =
64 AHU Valves connection detail
Supply

Return

65 FCU Valves connection detail

Supply
Return
66 Pumps Valves connection detail
Supply

Return

67 Chiller Valves connection detail

Supply

Return

68 HWG Valves connection detail

Supply
Return
69 High Static AHU
Pre filter
Microve filter
HEPA filter

70 Forward curved fans

71 Backward curved fans

72 Y-joints or Refnet sizes

73 Inclination of north pointer
74 Axial fan Design
75 VRV Outdoor selection

76 TFA Thumb rule

77 Cutout Selection
S/E
N/E
F/A

Eg. If F/A CFM is 10,000, velocity is 1400

78 FPM then=

79 CFM =
80 1 CFM =
81 Coller size (600 X600)
CFM
 200
300
400
500
600
700
800

82 Coller size (375 X375) & (300 X300)

CFM
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800

83 Assume 1040 LPM find motor HP =

84 Duct Size
24 G
22G
20G
18G
85 AHU
86 AHU
87 convert Sqft into Sqmt
88 Thumb rule VRV Refrigerent Pipe
89 Ventilation
N/E
F/A
S/E
In case of fire total
AC Plant room N/E
AC Plant room F/A
DG Room N/E
DG Room F/A
DG Room Exhaust
Kitchen Exhaust
Store exhaust
Pantry exhaust
 LT Panel Room exhaust
STP exhaust
Pump Room exhaust
90 For F/A and N/E
91 For S/E
92 For staircase pressurization
93 For Lift lobby pressurization
94 High side
a)
b)
c)
d)
95 TR =
96 1 TR =
97 Double height areas (Atrium CFM)
a)
b)
98 1 HP =
99 Chiller TR
100 HWG
101 VRV Outdoor for electrical kw
102 Pumps
a) Primary chilled water pump
Flow rate =
Head =
Motor HP =

b) Secondary chilled water pump

Flow rate =
Head =
Motor HP =
c) condenser water pump
Flow rate =
Head =
Motor HP =
103 Cooling tower
Flow rate =
Motor capacity
104 HWG
Inlet temp. of water
Outlet temp. of water
Flow rate =
105 Thermostat for BOQ
106 Thermostat for BOQ
107 Auto air vent for BOQ
108 PICB Valve for BOQ

109 VCD for Grills

110 FCU Thermostat
111 Valves With Insulation
Valves Without Insulation
112 Insulation for Ducting
a)
b)
113 Acoustic lining inside duct
114 Underdeck Insulation
115 TR of TFA =

116 Enthalpy diff. calculation

117 Plenum Size calculation =

118 Grille Size calculation =

119 Length b/w Diffuser i.e. S & R
a)
b)
120 BMS Application

121 VRV Selection

122 Air Washer Selection

a) For Kitchen

b) For DG Room

123 Scrubber Selection

124 CFM for Hood
125 Loss of water in Cooling Tower
126 In STP negative pressure we manage. In this case exhaust CFM is more than F/A CFM.
127 In OT positive pressure we manage .In this case F/A is more than exhaust CFM.
128 Duct quantity Thumb Rule
Duct Quantity =

Duct Quantity =

129 Heating Unit selection

130 Electrical Kw
 For Hotel

131 VRV Pipe Selection

132 Air Washer Ventilation

a) Hot kitchen
b)Tandoor (hot kit)
c)Pot wash (hot kit)
d)Institutional (kitchen)
e)Staff kitchen
f)Cutlary packing Room
g)Halwai section
h)Experimental Kitchen
i)Staff Facilities
j)Dish wash
k)Bakery pot wash/fish mogery
l)Bond area
m)DG Room
n)Plant Room
133 If secondary pump is not selected or taken then 3 way motorized valve is taken instead of 2 way mot
134 If system is BMS compitable then 2 way motorized valve is taken for chiller and condenser.
135 If system is not BMS compitable then instead of 2 way motorized valve ,butterfly valve is taken for chiller and conde
136 Duct width Calculation

137 Velocity in ducts

Supply
Return
Exhaust
138 If capacity of unit (CFM) is increased ie 50,000 CFM then velocity of supply air will also increase ie 2500 CFM
139 Pre Insulated Duct Thumb Rule =

140 HWG Selection

141 Thumb rule for Pressurization Cutout

selection
a) Lift Well Pressurization

b) Lift Lobby Pressurization

c) Staircase Pressurization
142 AHU Cooling coil Losses
143 Thumb Rule
a) CHW pipe
b) Drain pipe
c) Refrigerent piping
d) Ducting

e)Acoustic Lining
144 Thumb Rule for TR selection
For Delhi
For Gulf
145 Efficiency of cooling tower =

146 Absolute Humidity =

17 Chiller Flushng Purpose

0.65 kw/TR (Full load ikw)
1 kw/TR
1.3 kw/TR
circ. Rate(CMH) X temp. diff. in degree C / 675
flow rate X density of water X spec. heat of water X temp. Diff. /3024
Evaporation loss / (cycle of concentration-1)
ERSH / ERTH = ERSH / (ERSH+ERLH)
Deg. F
Deg. C
54 Deg. F
(1- Bypass Factor) X (room temp. - Selected ADP )
ERSH / (1.08 X Dehumified temp. rise)
sqft / Person
No. of Person X CFM per person
W / Sqft
W / Sqft
0.56 Btu / h.sqft ( All directions)
0.36 Btu / h.sqft ( All directions except roof sun & roof shadad)
245
205
0.12
54 Deg. F
44 Deg. F
TR of chiller in working (single) X 2.4 GPM
0.005 FPS
90 Deg. F
97.5 Deg. F
TR of Cooling tower (single) X 4 GPM
0.001 FPS
97.5 Deg. F
90 Deg. F
0.001 FPS
113 Deg. F
131 Deg. F
(Heat loss in k cal/h) / (water circ. Rate in LPH)

1-Equal Friction method. 2-Velocity Reduction method. 3-Static Regain method.

3.28 feet
40 inch
10.76 sqft
2.4 USGPM (CHILLER SIDE)
4 USGPM (CONDENSER SIDE)
3.8 Liter
400 CFM
746 watt
3.5 kw
The COP of heat pump is always greater than one.
multiply by 3.413
less than 300 TR
more than 300 TR
prevent back flow
control flow
used for isolating and regulating flow
It is a mechanism of opening and closing a valve.
Are used to control conditions such as pressure,temp. & liquid levels.
It filters or separates solid materials present in water.
It balance the flow all the times irrespectve of any pessure changes.
multiply by 2545
OT's, ICU , MICU
Store , Toilets other areas.
R134a
R134a, R410a
R410a
1) Design conditions , 2)Orentation , 3) Internal conditions , 4) Internal Load ,
5)Building Enclosure
A X V i.e. Duct crossectional area X velocity in FPM
( Indoor / Outdoor) X 100 is less than or equal to 130%
List of makes
Carrier/Mac Quay/York/Trane
Xylem/Grundfoss/Mather & Platt
Advance/ Bell/Delta/Case
Flaktwood/VTS/Edgetech/Brightflow
Trane/Daikin/Carrier/Hitachi
Flatwood/VTS/Edgetech/Brightflow
Waves/Humidin/Brightflow/Systemair
Systemair
Jindal Star/Tata/Sail
Castle/Audco/Advance
Honeywell/Johnson
H. Guru/Sant Engg.
H.Guru/Emrald
A1 = WL , A2 =WL , A3 = HL , A4 = HL then A = A1+A2+A3+A4 = WL+WL+HL+HL =
2WL+2HL = 2(W+H)L A = 2(W+H)L

A1 = (W1+W2/2)L , A2=(W1+W2/2)L , A3=(H1+H2/2)L , A3=(H1+H2/2)L ,

A=A1+A2+A3+A4 , =L(W1/2 + W2/2 + W1/2 + W2/2 + H1/2 + H2/2 + H1/2 + H2/2 ) ,
A=(W1 + W2 + H1 + H2)L
2(W +H) X (4 + L2)/2 , =(W + H) X (4+L2)
A=LXB
Butterfly valve, Y-Strainer,Pressure gauge,Thermometer,Drain valve
Purge valve,Thermometre,Pressure gauge,Motorized valve,Balancing valve,Butterfly
valve

Ball valve with Strainer,Pressure gauge,Thermometer,Drain valve

Purge valve,Thermometre,Pressure gauge,Motorized valve,Ball valve

Butterfly valve, Y-Strainer,Pressure gauge,Flexible connection

Flexible connection,Pressure gauge,Check valve or non return valve,Butterfly valve

Butterfly valve,Pressure gauge,Temperature gauge,Flexible connections

Flexible connection,Water Flow switch,Pressure gauge,Temperature gauge,Balancing
valve,Butterfly valve

Butterfly valve,Pressure gauge,Temperature gauge,Water flow switch

Water flow switch,Pressure gauge,Temperature gauge,Butterfly valve

90% efficient and filters upto 10 micron particles

99% efficient and filters upto 5 micron particles
99.97% efficient and filters upto 0.3 micron particles
In this 6 to 8 row cooling coils are used.
It operates at lower speed and pressure as compared to backward curved fans.
It operates at higher speed for a given pressure as compared to forward curved
where high static pressure is required.
22T , 33T , 72T , 73T
Less than 15 degree
not more than 35000 CFM
Total TR divided by 0.83 and take diversity of 80% i.e. multiply by 0.80,that will be
outdoor capacity in HP.
250 CFM/TR

1200 to 2000 velocity in FPM

1000 to 1600 velocity in FPM, i.e. 1400
1000 to 1400 velocity in FPM, i.e. 1200
combined S/E + N/E velocity is 2000 FPM

10,000 cubic feet per min/1400 feet per min , =7 square feet i.e. area of cutout,
thenif we decide the location of cutout & we know the length i.e. 3 feet than we
divide area by 3 feet i.e. 7/3 = 2.3 feet is the width of cutout.divide it by 3.28 to get in
meter.
(Area X Height X ACPH )/ 60
1.7 CMH

Inch
24 X4 600 X 100 ( 0.6 X 0.1)
24 X4 600 X 100 ( 0.6 X 0.1)
24 X6 600 X 150 ( 0.6 X 0.15)
24 X6 600 X 150 ( 0.6 X 0.15)
24 X8 600 X 200 ( 0.6 X 0.2)
24 X8 600 X 200 ( 0.6 X 0.2)
24 X10 600 X 250 ( 0.6 X 0.25)

Inch
350 X 125 (0.35 X 0.125)
350 X 150 (0.35 X 0.15)
350 X 150 (0.35 X 0.15)
400 X 150 (0.4 X 0.15)
425 X 150 (0.425 X 0.15)
600 X 150 (0.6 X 0.15)
600 X 200 (0.6 X 0.2)
750 X 200 (0.75 X 0.2)

Since 1 USGPM = 3.8 LPM, therefore 1040/3.8 USGPM, Assume head = 22 meter i.e.
72 feet , motor HP = (GPM X head in feet) / (3960 X eta i.e. 0.7 ) , = (273
x72)/(3960 x0.7) , = 7BHP, = 10HP(Actual value), since HP is greater than BHP , = 10 X
0.75, = 7.5 kw since 1 HP = 0.75 kw

0.63 mm
0.8 mm
1 mm
1.25 mm
Above 1200 CFM ,AHU is selected.
Max. CFM for C.S. AHU unit is 6500 CFM
Divide by 10.76
6 meter/ 1 HP

12 ACPH
12 ACPH
18 ACPH
30 ACPH
12 ACPH
10% less of exhaust.
28 CFM/kva
(28 CFM/kva) X 0.85
10% more of F/A
25 ACPH
10 ACPH
12 ACPH
 12 ACPH
20 ACPH
12 ACPH
DIDW Blower is used
Axial fan is used
Axial fan is used
Fan section is used

Chiller
Pumps
Cooling Tower
Hot Water Generator
(Total heat gain)/ 12,000
12,000 BTU/h

Below floor 60% CFM of total CFM is supplied

Top floor 40% CFM of total CFM is supplied
0.83 TR
multiply by 0.75 to convert into kw.
1 KW = 1 GPM for pipe dia.
28 HP = 28 KW, we consider 1 HP = 1 kw

TR of chiller X 2.4 GPM

40 ft
[(GPM X Head in ft)/(3960 X 0.7)] X specific gravity of water GPM= 2.4
upto 2000 GPM we consider only one secondary chilled water pump. We do not
select pump more or equal to 2000 USGPM.
TR of chiller X 2.4 GPM X no. of working chiller
80 ft
[(GPM X Head in ft)/(3960 X 0.7)] X specific gravity of water GPM= 2.4

TR of cooling tower in working single unit X 4 GPM

80 ft
[(GPM X Head in ft)/(3960 X 0.7)] X specific gravity of water GPM= 4

TR of cooling tower in working single unit X 4 GPM

see on chart of cooling tower for single unit

113 deg. F
131 deg. F
100 USGPM ( 1 kw = 1 GPM taken)
AHU Single Unit - 1 no.
FCU Single Unit - 1 no.
Total no. of AHU and FCU = total no. of auto air vent
 AHU -1 no of PICB Valve
FCU -1 no of PICB Valve
VCD of Aionised Aluminium material for grills. 1 Sqm grille = 0.2 Sqm damper
Each FCU contains Single Thermostat.
Is from Chiller Side
Is from Condenser Side

12 mm for Air conditioning area (Ducting)

20 mm for Non Air conditioning area (Ducting)
25 mm thick- Total ducting i.e (24G,22G,20G,18G) ka 15%
50 mm , Area of Terrace
[F/A X 4.5 X 1.1 X enthalpy diff.(10 for delhi)] / 12,000 Enthalpy
diff.(6.7 to 12.2)
See from Sychometric chart DB & WB of outside & inside for that area,then diff. i.e.
Outside-Inside , we get enthalpy diff. of that area.
CFM / 250 /35.28 / H / one side ,
one side-Assume , H- to be assumed , 35.28- Cubic feet , 250- velocity
CFM / 500 / 10.76 / H / one side

Min. - 2.5 m
Max. - 3 m
10 % to 15 % energy saving
Commercial building or Budget Hotel 200TR to 250TR load Max.
HP for VRV-III outdoor is 54 HP

If area is 1000 sqft then we can consider ( 15,000 CFM to 20,000 CFM

Depends upon capacity of DG i.e. 28 CFM/kva then we will take diversity of 0.85 of
that CFM. Then we get total F/A CFM. For exhaust air 10% extra of the F/A ( here -ve
pressure is created)
10 % extra CFM of Air washer CFM.
600 CFM
10 liter/hr/TR or 1000 liter/100 TR , formula (Q) = Ms delta T
anage. In this case exhaust CFM is more than F/A CFM.
nage .In this case F/A is more than exhaust CFM.

(TR X 400 X 1.2) / 65 or

Take 2.3 to 3 Sqm for per 100 Sqft or
(x X 1.2) /65 in Sqm, where x is total CFM of all units.

In case of unit selection for VRV foe heating ,match cooling CFM with given unit CFM
then select the unit .eg if from heat load calculation heating kw=5 & cooling TR=
1.19 & cooling CFM= 570 then we match 570 CFM with given unit CFM.
 Total TR from summary sheet, take diversity 85 %. Eg If total TR =430 TR, then
diversity 85% ie =430 X 85% = 365.5 TR, then multiply it by 1.5 = 548 kw = 550 kw
(electrical)

From VRV catalogue take according to TR of unit .ie. Liquid pipe dia and gas pipe dia ,
then after junction the pipe dia is selected from chart.ie. Add the TR of both unit
then divide it by 0.83 then see outdoor unit capacity from chart.

60 ACPH
60 ACPH
60 ACPH
50 ACPH
50 ACPH
40 ACPH
40 ACPH
40 ACPH
30 ACPH
20 ACPH
20 ACPH
12 ACPH
28 CFM/kva
12 ACPH
mp is not selected or taken then 3 way motorized valve is taken instead of 2 way motorized valve.
en 2 way motorized valve is taken for chiller and condenser.
e then instead of 2 way motorized valve ,butterfly valve is taken for chiller and condenser.
If 5000 CFM unit is proposed then,width of duct will be calculated as =
CFM/10.76/velocity/height of duct.

1200 to 1600 CFM

1000 to 1400 CFM
1500 CFM
eased ie 50,000 CFM then velocity of supply air will also increase ie 2500 CFM
(capacity of chiller in TR X 400 X 1.2) / 50 or
1 TON = 4 to 5 Sqm(without basement)
1 TON = 8 Sqm( basement included)
If total TR of chiller is 600 TR then 40% of total TR of chiller ie 600 X 40% =
240kw, No. of HWG = 120 kw ,2 nos

1) CFM/ Landing = 800 CFM

2) CFM (Openable Door) = 6700 CFM
1) CFM/ Landing = 600 CFM
2) CFM (Openable Door) = 11500 CFM
1) CFM/ Landing = 700 CFM
2) CFM (Openable Door) = 8500 CFM
8 to 10 mm of water

8 to 10 m per TR
8 m / unit
8 to 10 m per TR
10 Sqm (basement included) / TR or
4 to 5 Sqm / TR
10 feet from Total ducting

150 Sqft / TR (Diversity 75% to 90%)

120-125 Sqft /TR
Temp. diff. of entering & leaving water range / (Temp. of entering water)- (wet bulb
temp. of air)

Absolute humidity of air / absolute humidity of air at saturation at the same temp.
Chemical Dosing Pump
ser.
Data : Chiller Volume&Chiller Capacity
Humidity ratio or Specific humidity -

Wet bulb depression -

1st Law of thermodynamics -

2nd Law of thermodynamics -

3rd Law of thermodynamics -

Zeroth Law

Dry bulb temp.

Wet bulb temp.

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

TON

Latent heat

Sensible heat

Dew point

Dehumidification

Relative humidity(RH)

Types of systems
 a)Water Cooled Chilled Water System

b)Air Cooled Chilled Water System

c) VRF

d)Ductable air conditioning system

e) Chilled water process system

f)Hot water heating system

g)Evaporative air cooling system

h)Exhaust air scrubbing system

Is the mass of water vapour present in 1 kg of dry air

The diff. b/w dry bulb temp. & wet bulb temp. is called wet bulb depression.
It states that total energy of an isolated system is constant ,energy can be
transformed from one form to another but cannot be created nor
destroyed.

It states that the state of entropy of the entire universe as a closed isolated
system will always increase overtime. It also states that the change in
entropy in universe can never be negative.

It states that the entropy of a perfect crystal of any pure substance

approaches zero as the temp approaches absolute zero.At zero temp the
system must be in a state with the min. thermal energy.

If two thermodynamics systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third,then

all three are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Temp. measured by the thermometer by exposed to air but shielded from
radiation and moisture.
The lowest temp. that can be reached by evaporating water into the air.

Transfer of heat from one atom to another within an object by direct

contact.
Transfer of heat in gas or liquid by circulation of molecules from one region
to other.

A process in which energy is emitted by one body , transmitted through a

medium & absorbed by another body.

Amount of heat energy required to melt one ton of ice in 24 hours.

Energy released or absorbed by a body during a constant temp. process.

Heat exchanged by a body that can change the temp. of the body but
remains unchanged such as volume or pressure.

The temp. at which water vapour in a sample of air at constant pressure

condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates.

Process of reducing the moisture content of the air is dehumidification

The ratio of actual amount of moisture present in one unit volume of dry air
at a certain temp. to the amount of moisture needed to saturate it at that
temp. is called relative humidity.
In this system transfer heat from the condenser to cooling tower in which
water shoud be available .water cooled chillers for instant must be located
in a covered area . These types of systems ars suitable for large scale air
conditioning systems.

In this system transfer heat from the process to the surroundings in the
form of air , the environment in which these chillers will be used must be
suitable. Air cooled chillers for instant must be located in an open well
ventilated space to avoid over heating.

VRF users refrigerent as the cooling/ heating medium and allows one
outdoor condensing unit to be connected to multiple indoor fcu,each
individually controllable by its users, while modulating the amount of
refrigerent being sent to each evaporator. By evaporating at varying speeds,
VRF units work only at needed rate allowig for substantial energy savings at
part load conditions. heat recovery VRF technology allows individual indoor
units to heat or coolas required , while the compressor load benifits from
the internal haet recovery. energy savings up 55% are predicted over
compariable unitary equipment.

Ductable ac uses refrigerent as the coolin/heating medium ,and allows one

outdoor condensing unit to be connected to only one indoor FCUs.This
types of systems are suitable for small scale air conditioning system.

In this system , chilled water is generated by chiller at 7 deg C and supplied

to machineries at 22 deg C or as per required. Mixing tank of suitable
capacity is installed in between with proper mixing valves.This types of
systems are used foe process water requirement of machinieries.

A Heating system foe a building in which the heat -conveying medium is hot
water . A hot- water heating systems consists essentially of water- heating of
- cooling means and of heat - emitting means such as hot water generators.
A piping system connects the heat source to various heat - emitting units
and includes a method of establishing circulation of water or other medium
and expansion tank to hold the excess volume of water as it is heated and
expands.
Evaporative cooling is the adiabatic cooling in which evaporation of a liquid,
typically into surrounding air , cools an object or a liquid in contact with
it.Latent heat, the amount of heat that is needed to evaporate the liquid , is
drawn from the air.When considering water evaporating into air , the wet-
bulb temp. which takes both temp. and humidity into account, as
compaired to the actual air temp. (Dry- bulb temp.) ,is the measure of the
potential for evaporating cooling. The greater diff. between the two
temps.,the greater evaporating cooling effect.When the temps. are the
same ,no net evaporation of the water in air occurs , thus their is no cooling
effect.The wet bulb temp. is essentially the lowest temp.which can be
attained by evaporative cooling at a given temp. and humidity.

scrubber systems are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that
can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from
kitchen/industrial exhaust steams.Traditionally , the term "scrubber" has
refered to pollution control deviced that use liquid to wash unwanted
pollutants from a gas stream. Recenty , the term is also used to describe
systems that inject a dry reagent or slurry into a dirty exhaust steam to "
wash out" acid gases .Scrubbers are one of the primary divices that control
gaseous emissions, espically acid gases.