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25-4
GENERATORS: PART 4
PARALLELING AND SYNCHRONIZING
1. OBJECTIVE
( b) three phase ac
3. Explain how three phase ac generators are synchron-.
ized and paralleled.
4. (a) Explain the precautions that must be observed
when
- paralleling de supplies,
- synchronizing and paralleling 3 phase ac
supplies,
- synchronizing and paralleling 3 phase ac
genera tors.
(b) Explain the consequences of not observing
these precautions.
2. INTRODUCTION
Electrical systems consist of de, single phase ac
and three phase ac cireui ts. As part of normal opera-
tional procedures, de supplies have to be coupled to
other de supplies and ae supplies also have to be coupl-
ed to other ac supplies. Genera tors have to be coupled
to the Ontario Hydro grid.
August 1981
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230.25-4
2.1 Definitions
3. PARALLELING de SYSTEMS
Figure 1. shows two 250 V de systems (for example
class 1.) ready to be paralleled using a breaker. If
voltmeters shown by (V) are simultaneously connected
across the breaker contacts, they will read zero. (This
assumes that both de systems are at or near 250 V).
After the breaker has been closed, and the systems have
been paralleled, because both voltages are similar,
little or no currentwill flow between the two systems.
DC SYSTEM.,
/ "
,,---- ... .... + + ." - -- . " ,
DC SVSTEM.2
I \
I / \
I I \
I \ I
I
\
\
250V _
de - I
I
I
I
I
I \-=-
I
\
250V
de
I
\
I
__ ""
\ / \ I
.... ........... /
... -""
---
......... ..../
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230.25-4
~urr.nt Flow
I
" / ---- , ,
DC SYSTEM No.1
...
-
DC SYSTEM No 2
....I-.,+~-------'.:;"
I \
/ \
I 250V _ I
I I -250V \
de - I \ - de I
\ I
\
'--'¥-_--I/
'-'"
--- /
" --- /'
r------'L..:+l:.; 1>+'-'---.,
GENERATOR BEING
HYDRO GRID PARALLELED TO
SUPPLY HYDRO GRID SYSTEM
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230.25-4
°r---T--~~- °hf.----\----"7..:-
VOltage
Figure 4(a)
Diagrams showing the supply and generator
voltage waveforms out of phase of 45°.
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230.25-4
~y Voltage _
Voltage
'-....]~ -"G.nerator Volt89._ _~
Time
I
I
I
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230.25-4
rIJ"
o~ t F41f'.....
I
\
\
~ ) /
I
"'....
/
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230.25-4
O'_....._SyS'.m
Direction of
rotat."i"O!!n_~-JC_, Synchroscope
Directlo",n~O~f
pull ':
_ _~,"'::~,:::~'1JJ
Rotor magnetic flux pulling
......_...!C::::;;.~=--_~ro~t;or
into line
me netic flux.
with stator
Figure B: Magnetic forces produced when generator breaker is
closed lIout of synchronism l' •
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230.25-4
R R 'i'" R R
II
( Grid
::l I
I
I
I :::l
Generator
\
s I
I S W
W w
I
sAs
- B-
230.25-4
6. SUMMARY
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230.25-4
ASSIGNMENT
J.R.C. Cowling
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