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Buyer’s Guide
Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter - Page
Products Introduction A-2
Explanations B-1
VT EMF H-1
Optional
ABB has been producing instrument trans- All instrument transformers supplied by ABB
formers for more than 60 years. Thousands are tailor-made to meet the needs of our
of our products perform vital functions in customers.
electric power networks around the world – An instrument transformer must be capable of
day after day, all year round. withstanding very high stresses in all climatic
Their main applications include revenue conditions. We design and manufacture our
metering, control, indication and relay pro- products for a service life of at least 30 years.
tection. Actually, most last even longer.
We are flexible and tailor each instrument transformer the needs of our customers. Sizes other than those mentioned
above can be supplied upon request.
The rated Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL) indicates the required withstand level phase-to-
earth (phase-to-ground), between phases and across open contacts. The value is expressed in kV as
a peak value.
Rated Chopped Wave The rated chopped wave impulse withstand level at 2 μs and 3 μs respectively, indicates the required
Impulse Withstand withstand level phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground).
voltage Phase-to-earth
Rated frequency The rated (power) frequency is the nominal frequency of the system expressed in Hz, which the instru-
ment transformer is designed to operate in.
Other frequencies, such as 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz might be applicable for some railway applications.
Ambient temperature Average 24 hours ambient temperature above the standardized +35 °C influences the thermal design
of the transformers and must therefore be specified.
Installation altitude If installed >1000 m above sea level, the external dielectric strength is reduced due to the lower density
of the air. Always specify the installation altitude and normal rated insulation levels. ABB will make the
needed correction when an altitude higher than 1000 meters ASL is specified. Internal insulation is not
affected by installation altitude and dielectric routine tests will be performed at the rated insulation levels.
Creepage distance The creepage distance is defined as the shortest distance along the surface of an insulator between
high voltage and ground.
The maximum continuous thermal current is based on average 24 h ambient temperature of +35 °C.
It should be selected about 10 - 40% higher than the estimated operating current.
Closest standardized value should be chosen.
Extended current ratings A factor that multiplied by the rated current gives the maximum continuous load current and the limit
for accuracy. Standard values of extended primary current are 120, 150 and 200% of rated current.
Unless otherwise specified, the rated continuous thermal current shall be the rated primary current.
Rated secondary current The standard values are 1, 2 and 5 A. 1 A gives an overall lower burden requirement through lower
cable burden.
Rated short-time thermal The rated short-time withstand current is the maximum current (expressed in kA rms) which the
current (Ith) equipment shall be able to carry for a specified time duration.
Standard values for duration are 1 or 3 s. Ith depends on the short-circuit power of the grid and can
be calculated from the formula: Ith = Pk (MW) / Um (kV) x √3 kA.
Rated dynamic current The dynamic short-time current is according to IEC, Idyn = 2.5 x Ith
(Idyn) and according to IEEE, Idyn = 2.7 x Ith
Reconnection The current transformer can be designed with either primary or secondary reconnection or a com-
bination of both to obtain more current ratios.
Primary reconnection The ampere-turns always remain the same and thereby the load capacity (burden) remains the
same. The short-circuit capacity however is reduced for the lower ratios. Primary reconnection is
available for currents in relation 2:1 or 4:2:1. See pages I-5 and I-9.
Secondary reconnection Extra secondary terminals (taps) are taken out from the secondary winding. The load capacity
drops as the ampere-turns decrease on the taps, but the short-circuit capacity remains constant.
Each core can be individually reconnected.
Burden and
Accuracy Class (IEC)
Burden The external impedance in the secondary circuit in ohms at the specified power factor. It is usu-
ally expressed as the apparent power – in VA -, which is taken up at rated secondary current. It
is important to determine the power consumption of connected meters and relays including the
cables. Unnecessary high burdens are often specified for modern equipment. Note that the accu-
racy for the measuring core, according to IEC, can be outside the class limit if the actual burden is
below 25% of the rated burden.
Accuracy The accuracy class for measuring cores is according to the IEC standard given as 0.2, 0.2S, 0.5,
0.5S or 1.0 depending on the application. For protection cores the class is normally 5P or 10P.
Other classes are quoted on request, e.g. class PR, PX, TPS, TPX or TPY.
Instrument Security To protect meters and instruments from being damaged by high currents, an FS factor of 5 or 10 often
Factor (FS) is specified for measuring cores. This means that the secondary current will increase a maximum of 5 or
10 times when the rated burden is connected. FS10 is normally sufficient for modern meters.
Accuracy Limit Factor The protection cores must be able to reproduce the fault current without being saturated.
(ALF) The overcurrent factor for protection cores is called ALF. ALF = 10 or 20 is commonly used.
Both FS and ALF are valid at rated burden only. If lower burden the FS anf ALF will increase
Burden and Accuracy More detailed information about standards other than IEC can be found in our Application
Class for other standards, Guide, Outdoor Instrument Transformers, Catalog Publication 1HSM 9543 40-00en or in the
such as ANSI, IEEE, etc. actual standard.
The accuracy class for measuring windings, according to IEC, is given as 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 depending
on the application. A rated burden of around 1.3-1.5 times the connected burden will give maximum
accuracy at the connected burden.
For protection purposes the class is normally 3P or 6P
Simultaneous burden Metering windings and protection windings not connected in open delta are considered as simultane-
(IEC) ously loaded. A protection winding connected in open delta is not considered as a simultaneous load.
Thermal limit burden is the total power the transformer can supply without excessively high tempera-
Thermal limit burden ture rise. The transformer is engineered so that it can be loaded with the impedance corresponding to
the load at rated voltage, multiplied by the square of the voltage factor. This means that at a voltage
factor of 1.9/8h, for example, the limit burden = total rated burden x 1.92.
The transformer cannot be subjected to a higher limit burden without being loaded higher than the
rated burden. Consequently, because of loading considerations, it is unnecessary to specify a higher
thermal limit burden.
The voltage drop in an external secondary circuit (cables and fuses) can have a significantly larger
Voltage drop influence on the ratio error than incorrect burden.
The lower applied frequency decide the minimum capacitance of coupling capacitor.
More information More detailed information about instrument transformers can be found in our
regarding instrument Application Guide, Outdoor Instrument Transformers. Catalog Publication 1HSM 9543 40-00en
transformers
Experience of Material
ABB has used silicone rubber (SIR) insulators More Information
since 1985, starting with surge arresters, and For additional information please refer to
has gained considerable experience. publication 1HSM 9543 01-06en.
Quartz Filling
Minimizes the quantity of oil and provides a
mechanical support for the cores and prima-
ry winding during transport and in the event
of a short-circuit.
5
Flexibility
The IMB covers a wide range of primary cur-
rents up to 4,000 A. It can easily be adapted 6
for large and/or many cores by increasing the 7
volume of the tank.
11
Resistance to Corrosion
The selected aluminum alloys give a high
degree of resistance to corrosion, without the Current Transformer Type IMB
need of extra protection. Anodized parts for
IMB 36-170 kV can be offered on request. 1. Gas cushion 6. Secondary terminal box
2. Oil filling unit (hidden) 7. Capacitive voltage tap
For use in extreme environments
3. Quartz filling (on request)
IMB >170 kV can be delivered with a protec-
4. Paper-insulated primary 8. Expansion vessel
tive painting. conductor 9. Oil sight glass
5. Cores/secondary 10. Primary terminal
windings 11. Ground terminal
Impregnation
Heating in a vacuum dries the windings. After
assembly, all free space in the transformer
(approximately 60%) is filled with clean and
dry quartz grains. The assembled trans-
former is vacuum-treated and impregnated
with degassed mineral oil. The transformer
is always delivered oil-filled and hermetically
sealed.
Expansion System 5
The expansion system based on the nitrogen
cushion gives superior operating reliability
and minimizes the need of maintenance and
inspection of the transformer.
Quartz Filling
Minimizes the quantity of oil and provides a
10
mechanical support to the cores and primary
winding. 11
6
Resistance to Corrosion 12
EMF 52-170: The selected aluminum alloys
give a high degree of resistance to corrosion 7 13
without the need of extra protection. Anod- 14
ized details can be offered on request. 8
15
Seismic Strength
EMF is designed to withstand the high de- Voltage transformer EMF 145
mands of seismic acceleration.
1. Primary terminal 9. Expansion system
2. Oil level sight glass 10. Paper insulation
3. Oil 11. Tank
4. Quartz filling 12. Primary winding
5. Insulator 13. Secondary windings
6. Lifting lug 14. Core
7. Secondary terminal box 15. Ground connection
8. Neutral end terminal
Life Time
The low voltage stress within the capacitor
elements ensures a safe product with an
expected service life of more than 30 years.
Transient Properties
The high intermediate voltage and high ca-
pacitance result in good transient properties.
Adjustment
The adjustment windings for ratio adjust-
ment are accessible in the terminal box.
Installation Outdoor
Insulation Oil-paper-quartz
Highest voltage for 36-765 kV
equipment
cable bushings.
The terminal box is provided with a drain.
The standard terminal box can accommo-
date up to 30 terminals of the type PHOENIX Standard for IMB 36 - 170
10N for cross section <10 mm2. Other types
of terminals can be quoted on request.
A larger terminal box with space for more
secondary terminals or other equipment,
such as heater or protective spark gaps, is
supplied when needed.
Design Data
Maximum Rated Current and Short-time Current
Type Normal Cooling Cooler Maximum Maximum Maximum
current flanges short-time short-time dynamic
current current current
1 sec 3 sec
A A A kA kA kA peak value
IMB 36-170 2400 - 3150 63 40 170
1200 - 1500 40 40 108
400 - - 31,5 18 85
150 - - 16 9 43
IMB 245 2000 2400 3150 63 63 170
1000 1200 1500 40 40 108
300 - - 31,5 18 85
150 - - 16 9 45
IMB 300-420 2500 - 3150 63 63 170
1200 - 1500 40 40 108
IMB 420-550 2500 - 4000 63 40 170
1200 - 2000 40 40 108
IMB 800 - - 4000 63 40 170
Other types of primary conductors can be supplied on request
Maximum continuous primary current = load factor x primary rated current related to a daily mean temperature that does not exceed 35 oC
Primary winding can be designed with reconnection alternative between two or three primary rated currents with a ratio of 2:1 or 4:2:1
Design Data
Nominal Flashover and Creepage Distance (Porcelain)
Normal creepage distance 25 mm/kV Long creepage distance 31 mm/kV
(Min. values) (Min. values)
Type Flashover Total Protected Flashover Total Protected
distance creepage creepage distance creepage creepage
distance distance distance distance
mm mm mm mm mm mm
IMB 36 - - - 630 2248 1020
IMB 72 - - - 630 2248 1020
IMB 123 1120 3625 1400 1120 4495 1860
IMB 145 1120 3625 1400 1120 4495 1860
IMB 170 - - - 1330 5270 2200
IMB 1701 - - - 1600 6525 2740
IMB 245 1915 6740 2850 2265 8490 3685
IMB 300 2265 8250 3495 2715 10430 4645
IMB 362 2715 10430 4645 3115 12480 5630
IMB 420 3115 12480 5630 3635 14325 6465
IMB 420 3220 11550 4800 3820 15280 6870
IMB 550 3820 15280 6870 4715 18944 8340
IMB 800 5220 18624 7950 - - -
Note: Long creepage distance effects dimensions A, B, D (see dimensions)
1) 38 mm/kV for 170 kV system voltage and 45 mm/kV for 145 kV system voltage is available.
Design Data
Burdens
Our current transformer IMB has a very flexible design allowing large burdens. However, it is
important to determine the real power consumption of connected meters and relays including
the cables. Unnecessary high burdens are often specified for modern equipment. Note that
the accuracy for the measuring core, according to IEC, can be outside the class limit if the
actual burden is below 25% of the rated burden.
Standard design of IMB current transformer is without surge arrester. Surge arrester of type
POLIM – C 1.8 will however be supplied automatically when needed.
A
D
D
B
A
B
C
C
25
25
K K
J
G F
H
K
K H
F
E
D
A
B
C
J
25
K K
D
H
K
B
A
F
G
30
K K
K
A
B
C
30
K K
K
A
D
B
C
J
30
K K
K
IMB 800 F G
1) Standard tank
2) Hexagonal tank
3) Octagon tank
4) HV tank
Additional weights
Weight indicated in table above is for standard IMB.
Additional weights may occur depending on requirements and configuration.
Reconnection
General
The current transformer can be reconnected to adapt for varying currents. The IMB type can
be delivered in a configuration that permits reconnecttion either on primary or
secondary side, or a combination of the two.
The advantage of primary reconnection is that the ampere-turns remains the same and
thereby the output (VA). The disadvantage is that the short-circuit capability will be reduced
for the lower ratio(s).
Primary Reconnection
Two primary ratios for two turns Two primary ratios, connected for one turn
C1
C2 C1
C2
Connection above is for the lower current Connection above is for the higher current
Secondary Reconnection
P1 P2
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
The unused taps on the reconnectable secondary winding must be left open.
Caution!
Never leave an unused secondary winding open.
Very high-induced voltages are generated across the terminals
and both the user and the transformer are subjected to danger.
Installation Outdoor
Insulation Oil-paper-quartz
Highest voltage for 52-170 kV
equipment
Voltage factor (Vf) Up to 1.9/8 hrs
Insulators Porcelain
On request silicon
rubber (SIR)
Creepage distance ≥ 25 mm/kV
(Longer on request)
Service conditions
Ambient temperature -40 °C to +40 °C
(others on request)
EMF 52-170
EMF 123-170
Design Data
Nominal Flash-Over and Creepage Distance
Normal porcelain Porcelain with long creepage distance
(min. nom. values) (min. nom. values)
Type Flash-over Creepage Protected Flash-over Creepage Protected
distance distance creepage distance distance creepage
distance distance
mm mm mm mm mm mm
EMF 52 630 2248 1020 - - -
kV kV kV kV Max. µV
EMF 52 52 95 250 30 125
EMF 72 72.5 140 325 46 125
EMF 84 84 150 380 54 125
EMF 123 123 230 550 78 2500
EMF 145 145 275 650 92 2500
EMF 170 170 325 750 108 2500
Test voltages above are valid for altitudes <1000 meters above sea level.
kV kV kV kV Max.
EMF 52 52 95 95 250
EMF 72 72.5 140 175 350
EMF 123 121 (123) 230 230 550
EMF 145 145 275 275 650
EMF 170 169 (170) 325 315 (325) 750
Values within brackets refer to CAN 3-C13.1-M79. Test voltages above are valid for altitudes < 1000 meters above sea level.
Since the residual voltage winding is not loaded except during a fault, the effect of its load
on the accuracy of the other windings is disregarded in accordance with IEC.
Please note that modern meters and protection require much lower burdens
than those above, and to achive best accuracy you should avoid specifying
burdens higher than necessary; see page B-3.
Rated burdens
W = 12.5 VA power factor 0.1
X = 25 VA power factor 0.7
Y = 75 VA power factor 0.85
YY = 150 VA power factor 0.85
Z = 200 VA power factor 0.85
ZZ = 400 VA power factor 0.85
mm mm mm mm mm mm
EMF 52 1464 630 114 335 x 335 540 324
EMF 72 1464 630 114 335 x 335 540 324
EMF 84 1464 630 114 335 x 335 540 324
EMF 123 2360 1200 65 410 x 410 760 416
EMF 145 2360 1200 65 410 x 410 760 416
EMF 170 2490 1330 65 410 x 410 760 416
135
B
A
E
C
20 mm
D D
kg kg kg m m3
EMF 52 300 40 1040 1.6 x 0.9 x 1.7 2.5
EMF 72 300 40 1040 1.6 x 0.9 x 1.7 2.5
EMF 84 300 40 1040 1.6 x 0.9 x 1.7 2.5
EMF 123 570 80 1975 2 x 1 x 2.6 5.2
EMF 145 570 80 1975 2 x 1 x 2.6 5.2
EMF 170 610 83 2130 2 x 1 x 2.7 5.4
EMF 52 - 84 must not be tilted more than 60° during transport and storage.
Signs are placed on the transformer’s rating plate.
Installation Outdoor
Design Capacitor type
Meets IEC standards
Insulation
CVD Aluminum-foil/paper/ poly-
propylene film, synthetic oil
Ground Terminals
The transformer is normally equipped with an ground
clamp with a cap of nickel-plated brass, for conduc-
tors 8-16 mm (area 50-200 mm2), which can be
moved to either mounting foot.
A stainless steel bar, 80 x 145 x 8 mm, can be quoted
on request. The bar can be supplied undrilled or
drilled according to IEC or NEMA standards. Ground-
ing terminals for the secondary circuits are placed
inside the terminal box.
*) The IEC standards state as standard values for effectively earthed systems 1.5/30 sec. For systems without effective earthing with
automatic earth fault tripping rated voltage factor 1.9/30 sec., and 1.9/8 hrs for systems with insulated neutral point without automatic
earth fault tripping.
The above values may, depending on configuration, be extended by the use of an extra-high capacitance voltage
divider (CSB). Please consult us for details.
The above values are total maximum values for Since the residual voltage winding is not
the secondary winding(s), voltage 100/√3 or loaded except during a fault, the effect of its
110/√3 V and one or no residual voltage wind- load on the accuracy of the other windings is
ing, class 3P, intended for connection in open disregarded in accordance with IEC.
delta, voltage 100 or 110 (100/3 or 110/3) V. Stated values should only be considered as
For other configurations please consult us. maximum values. Please note that modern
If the transformer has more than one contin- meters and protection require much lower
uously loaded winding, possibly with different burdens than those above, and to achieve
classes, the table above must be applied to best accuracy you should avoid specifying
the sum of these burdens and the most burdens higher than necessary: see page
accurate class. B-3.
Dimensions
Capacitor Voltage Transformer CPA
A B C D E
Type Number of Total Flashover Height to Mounting hole Ground level
capacitor units height distance flange*) distance height
mm mm mm mm mm
CPA 72 1 1660 700 340 335 740
CPA 123 1 1940 980 340 335 740
CPA 145 1 2150**) 1190**) 340 335 740
CPA 170 1 2360 1400 340 335 740
CPA 245 1 2920**) 1960**) 340 335 740
CPA 300 2 3690**) 2380**) 340 335 740
CPA 362 2 4110 2800 340 335 740
CPA 420 2 4530 3220 340 335 740
CPA 550 2 5510 4200 340 335 740
* Valid for standard terminal box only. ** Valid for high capacitance only.
CPA/CPB
Modern PLC equipment is adapted for a wide range of coupling capacitors. No specific capaci-
tance is required. Only minimum capacitance must be specified due to choice of frequency.
CCA CCB mm
CCA 72 1 23500 - 1140
CCA 123 1 14500 - 1420
Please see
CCA/CCB 145 1 12600 18900 1630/1840
previous page,
CCA/CCB 170 1 10500 15700 1840/1840 table “Nominal
CCA/CCB 245 1 7500 11300 2400/2540 capacitance,
CCA/CCB 300 2 6300 9400 3170/3590 flashover- and
creepage
CCA/CCB 362 2 5200 7900 3590/3590 distance”
CCA/CCB 420 2 4700 7100 4010/4010
CCA/CCB 550 2 3500 5200 4990/4990
CCA/CCB
CPA 362 565 100 1305 + 750 1.73x0.74x2.54 + 2.03x1.55x0.80 3.3 + 2.53)
CPA 420 610 105 1385 + 835 1.73x0.74x2.81 + 2.24x1.55x0.80 3.6 + 2.83)
CPA 550 710 111 3x650 + 1035 3 x (3.25x0.69x0.91) + 2.79x1.55x0.80 3 x 2.0 + 3.54)
1) Vertical 3-pack
2) Horizontal 1-pack (normally, due to transport height)
3) Bottom part vertical 3-pack; top part horizontal 3-pack
4) Bottom part horizontal 1-pack; top part horizontal 3-pack (normally, due to transport height)
*) The weights for extra high capacitance CVTs are 5 to 10% higher, but the shipping volumes are the same as for standard capaci-
tance CVTs.
6) Top and bottom part(s) are packed in two cases, horizontal 3-pack
BN
Ground
Installation Outdoor
Design Capacitor type
Meets ANSI standards
Insulation
CVD Aluminum-foil/paper/ poly-
propylene film, synthetic oil
Ground Terminals
The transformer is normally equipped with a ground
clamp with a cap of nickel-plated brass, for conduc-
tor # 2 SOL to 500 MCM (diameters 8-16 mm), which
can be moved to either mounting foot. Grounding
terminals for the secondary circuits are placed inside
the terminal box. Example
kV L-L1) kV L-G kV kV kV kV µV
Rated burdens
W = 12.5 VA power factor 0.1, X = 25 VA power factor 0.7, Y = 75 VA power factor 0.85
YY = 150 VA power factor 0.85, Z = 200 VA power factor 0.85, ZZ = 400 VA power factor 0.85
Coupling Capacitors
Coupling capacitors types CCA (standard capacitance) and CCB (extra high capacitance) are intended for power
line carrier applications. The insulator and capacitor design are identical to capacitor voltage dividers type CSA and
CSB, but without an intermediate voltage terminal.
Descriptions of the voltage divider are in the IEC catalog for the CVT.
Dimensions
CPA/CPB
*) The weights for extra high capacitance CVTs are 5 to 10% higher, but the shipping volumes are the same as for standard capacitance CVTs
1) Vertical 3-pack
2) Horizontal 1-pack (normally, due to transport height)
3) Bottom part vertical 3-pack; top part horizontal 3-pack
4) Bottom part horizontal 1-pack; top part horizontal 3-pack (normally, due to transport height)
BN
H2
Ground
Easy installations for cables cables sizes and numbers in the junction
A Roxtec CF 16 cable entry kit combines reli- boxes (as shown below).
able sealing of cables in junction boxes with For other dimensions, please contact ABB,
easy installations. Each CF 16 can handle High Voltage Products, Ludvika, Sweden.
several cables through the same opening.
Simple maintenance
Multidiameter A Roxtec CF 16 can be opened and closed
The CF 16 uses adaptable Multidiameter repeatedly for easy installations and simple
technology. This enables cables of a wide maintenance. Another benefit is a built in
range of diameters to be sealed with a per- spare capacity for possible new cables in the
fect fit, even when tolerances and deviations future.
from nominal dimensions are considered.
The modules are delivered with a center core Benefit Summary
as a substitute for a cable. This means the • Seals several cables and diameters
entry kit is adaptable to different cable sizes, • Quick and easy installation
and to different numbers of penetrations. • Cable retention
• Rodent proof
Kit Supplied • IP 66/67
The Roxtec CF 16 kits are available in two • Halogen-free
versions: Each one with a customized set of • UL/NEMA 4, 4X, 12, 13
sealing modules to suit the most common • Fire retardant material UL 94-V0
Ordering Data
Current Transformer IMB Voltage Transformer EMF
The following information is required with your The following information is required with your
order: order:
• Quantity • Quantity
• Standard/Customer specification • Standard/Customer specification
• Frequency • Frequency
• Highest voltage for equipment • Highest voltage for equipment
• Rated insulation level • Rated insulation level
Ordering Data
Capacitor Voltage Transformer Coupling Capacitor
CPA and CPB CCA and CCB
The following information is required with your The following information is required with your
order: order:
• Quantity • Quantity
• Standard/Customer specification • Standard/Customer specification
• Frequency • Frequency
• Highest voltage for equipment • Highest voltage for equipment
• Rated insulation level • Rated insulation level
Additional Requirements
• Capacitance - high or extra high
• Ambient temperature
• Height above sea level if >1000 m
Please state “normal” system and test voltages
according to actual standard when ≤1000 m a.s.l.
• Other requirements?
ABB AB
High Voltage Products
SE-771 80 LUDVIKA, Sweden
Phone +46 240 78 20 00
Fax +46 240 78 36 50
E-mail: instr.transf@se.abb.com
Internet: http://www.abb.com