Real- Time Condition Monitoring

in Low Voltage Network

A presentation
By
Steve Ayeni
Z5135881
 Presentation Summary
• Introduction to keywords
• Importance of Real-time CM of LV networks
• Real-time CM and Smart Grid objectives
• LV Network Asset Conditioning monitoring
• Improvement Needed in LV Network Asset CM and
Future trends
• Power Quality Condition Monitoring
• Recent Trends in Power Quality Condition Monitoring
• Recent/Future Trends in Diagnosis of Information
From Condition Monitoring
 Introduction to Keywords
Real-time Condition Monitoring:
• Timely observation of condition or health of a
system.
• Live information of the system or its
components are transmitted processed and
used in diagnosis of equipment or system
health.
 Keyword contd
Low Voltage Network and Evolution in Smart Grid;
• Typically and traditionally referred to as segment
of distribution network that carry power from
distribution transformers to end user meters.
• Here there is well known power quality dynamics
• In Recent times and advent of Smart grid, DG
introduced into the network.
• Effects of DG introduction: Complex power
quality issues ; Changes in Voltage profile,
increased harmonics etc
• Changes give justification for increased condition
monitoring of the low voltage network.
 Importance of Real-time CM of LV
networks
• Gives live conditions of LV assets and power
quality information of the network
• Data gathered are used to make important
decision on the networks or for diagnostics,
maintenance and repairs
• Healthy or unhealthiness nature of the network is
know
• Service disruption or network system failure can
be foresee and forestall
• Reduction in service disruption.
 Real-time CM and Smart Grid
objectives
Following goals of smart grid can be achieved
through CM
• Reliability
• Quality of Supply
• Security of Supply
• Sustainable grid
• Optimizing assets
 CRITICAL THINGS TO NOTE IN REAL –
TIME CONDITION MONITORING
• Critical Parameter to monitor : Which
component or parameter constitute a high risk
• Architecture for data acquisition and
management : Sample rate, mode of data
communication and delivery
• And ideal monitoring location in the feeder;
beginning of network, middle or end.
 Types of LV Real-time condition
monitoring
• Based on researches, I divided LV network
real-time CM into two broad categories;
• LV Network Asset condition monitoring
• Power quality condition monitoring
 LV Network Asset Conditioning
monitoring
• Deals with monitoring certain parameter of the LV assest in
question
• Parameters being monitored are called critical parameter of
the assets.
• Their impact and failure risk is very high.
• Assets being monitored : Distribution transformers; Turbo
generators; Wind Turbine; Solar panels; Transmission lines;
• Done by How are these being done :
1. Sensors to measure data ;
2. Use communication system to relay condition data
back for analysis and decision making
Table summarizing Asset condition
Equipment

Monitoring
Transformers
Components
Transformer Insulation
Winding
Critical Parameters
Temperature
Insulation condition
Partial Discharge
Monitoring sensors
Oil Temperature sensor
Thermal watch
RTD
Recent methods
Chemical detections analyzers
high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Dissolved gas analysers (DGA)
Ultra High Frequency Sensors

Turbo-generator/ Rotor Vibration Accelerometer

Motors Rotor bearing Temperature Therma Watch
Thermocouple
Gear box RTD
Stator winding Infrared lubricant analyzer

Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Vibration Optical Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG)
Induction Generator Temperature Accelerometers
Gearbox Ball bearing RTD
Temperature Thermocouple

Solar Panel Solar Cells Hotspots (Temperature) Therma Watch

PV converter Infrared
Thermo-graphic
Transmission Lines Cables and conductors Temperature Passive Electromagnetic Resonators
Insulation Insulation condition Passive Dielectric Resonators
New Methods
distributed temperature sensor (DTS),
Optical Fibre temperature sensor
sheath current monitoring,
• Note that :
• Low voltage network assets are critical to
survival of smart grid
• Capital Intensive
• So they have to properly monitoring for best
performance.
 Improvement Needed in LV Network
Asset CM and Future trends
• Much progress has been made in technologies of condition
monitoring e.g test accuracy, fast and accurate fault localization,
Other areas will still many deficiencies hence needs for further
R esearch work
• - reliability of signal collection from sensors,
• - the accuracy of data treatment and analysis,
• anti-interference performance of test equipment,
• appropriate models used for condition evaluation
• What and what to be included in critical parameter
• Development of state-of-the-art condition monitoring sensors
and instrumentations
Future Influencers : Big data; Internet of Things; Cloud Computing
 POWER QUALITY CONDITION
MONITORING :
• Power quality is any power problem manifested
in voltage, current, or frequency deviations, that
results in failure or malfunctioning of the
customer equipment
• It is one of the most important issues in electrical
distribution systems.
• Introduction of power electronics, distributed
generators e.g wind power etc creates harmonics
different from other waveforms; and other forms
of power quality issues
In power quality condition monitoring
parameters are usually:
• Voltages
• Currents
• Real and reactive power
• Harmonics
• Phasor differences
• Power factor
 Recent Trends in Power Quality
Condition Monitoring
• The use of Advanced Metering Infrastructure
to determine most elements of power quality
on LV network
• Use of Wireless Sensor network which can be
distributed along the network to get real-time
data in low cost and effective way.
 Recent/Future Trends in Diagnosis of
Information From Condition
Monitoring
• Practitioners in CM has relied on traditional
method in interpreting CM data using well
developed body knowledge of sensor and testing
technology
• Some problems came cannot be resolved with
traditional method (For steam turbine system,
vibration do not present simple relationship
between symptoms and faults)
• These CM problems are being resolved using
development in ICT.
New trends now involves what is called
intelligent fault diagnosis methods such as
• Artificial intelligence
• Expert system : Guarantee for the
intellectualization of fault diagnosis
• Machine learning has become a new research
field of intelligent diagnosis.
• Artificial neural network and its application