AQUA POND WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Aqua Pond Water Quality Monitoring System

ReEn Tech Energy LLP

Row House No.8, Baner Cassia, Sr. No. 33/2/1. Opp. Shivneri Society, Pan Card Club Road,
Baner, Pune 411045

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Preface:

Aquaculture is increasingly considered as an integral component in the search for global

world food security and economic development. In Aquaculture, the yields (shrimp, fish etc.)
depend on the water characteristics of the aquaculture pond. For maximizing fish yields, the
parameters which are to be kept at certain optimal levels in water are dissolved oxygen,
temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH level, alkalinity and hardness, ammonia and nutrient
levels. These parameters can vary a lot during the period of a day and can rapidly change
depending on the external environmental conditions. Hence it is necessary to monitor these
parameters with high frequency, if not continuously, for timely analysis and action. The
automation of aquaculture systems will allow the industry to improve environmental control,
reduce disastrous losses, reduce production cost, and improve product quality.

Introduction to Inland Fisheries in India:

Fisheries is concerned with economic exploitation of aquatic productivity. Like land, water is
also capable of producing organic matter which can be converted into valuable food for
human being’s, Indian fisheries and aquaculture is one of the important sector of food
production, providing nutritional security to the food basket, contributing to the agricultural
exports. India has vast and varied inland fisheries resources. Rivers, streams lakes, reservoirs,
tanks, ponds, irrigation canals, multipurpose dams, and paddy fields provides an immense
scope, perhaps richest in the world, for the propagation and production of fishes. Inland
fisheries are of considerable economic significance to the Indian economy. The contribution
of inland fishery to total fish production has gone up in recent years, this naturally increase
the GDP contribution. The contribution of income from fisheries is relatively higher.

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Basic scenario of Indian Fisheries:

Resources as per the information from the Indian fisheries department are,

Indian Fisheries
Global position 3rd in Fisheries 2nd in Aquaculture
Contribution of Fisheries to GDP (%) 1.07
Contribution to Agril. GDP (%) 5.15
Per capita fish availability (Kg.) 9.0
Annual Export earnings (Rs. In Crore) 33,441.61
Employment in sector (million) 14.0

Resources
Coastline 8129 kms
Exclusive Economic Zone 2.02 million sq. km
Continental Shelf 0.506 million sq. km
Rivers and Canals 1,91,024 km
Reservoirs 3.15 million ha
Ponds and Tanks 2.35 million ha
Oxbow lakes and derelict waters 1.3 million ha
Brackish waters 1.24 million ha
Estuaries 0.29 million ha

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State Wise Aqua farming details in India:
As per the Fisheries statics of India 2014 the Available area for aqua farming for different
states in India are
Flood Plain
Total
Rivers & Reservoirs Lakes& Brackish
Tanks and ponds Water
State canals In Lac derelict Water
In Lac Hec water
Bodies
InKm’s Hec In LacHec
In Lac Hec
In Lac Hec
Andhra Pradesh 11514 2.34 5.17 - 0.6 8.11
Arunachal Pradesh 2000 - 2.76 0.42 - 3.18
Assam 4820 0.02 0.23 1.1 - 1.35
Bihar 3200 0.6 0.95 0.05 - 1.6
Chhattisgarh 3573 0.84 0.63 - - 1.47
Goa 250 0.03 0.03 - Neg. 0.06
Gujarat 3865 2.43 0.71 0.12 1 4.26
Haryana 5000 Neg. 0.1 0.1 - 0.2
Himachal Pradesh 3000 0.42 0.01 - - 0.43
Jammu & Kashmir 27781 0.07 0.17 0.06 - 0.3
Jharkhand 4200 0.94 0.29 - - 1.23
Karnataka 9000 4.4 2.9 - 0.1 7.4
Kerala 3092 0.3 0.3 2.43 2.4 5.43
Madhya Pradesh 17088 2.27 0.6 - - 2.87
Maharashtra 16000 2.99 0.72 - 0.12 3.83
Manipur 3360 0.01 0.05 0.04 - 0.1
Meghalaya 5600 0.08 0.02 Neg - 0.1
Mizoram 1395 - 0.02 - - 0.02
Nagaland 1600 0.17 0.5 Neg - 0.67
Odisha 4500 2.56 1.23 1.8 4.3 9.89
Punjab 15270 Neg 0.07 - - 0.07
Rajasthan 5290 1.2 1.8 - - 3
Sikkim 900 - - 0.03 - 0.03
Tamil Nadu 7420 5.7 0.56 0.07 0.6 6.93
Tripura 1200 0.05 0.13 - - 0.18
Uttarakhand 2686 0.2 0.006 0.003 - 0.209
Uttar Pradesh 28500 1.38 1.61 1.33 - 4.32
West Bengal 2526 0.17 2.76 0.42 2.1 5.45
A and N Islands - 0.00367 0.0016 - 0.33 0.3353
Chandigarh 2 - Neg Neg - 0
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 54 0.05 - - - 0.05
Daman and Diu 12 - Neg. - Neg. 0
Delhi 150 0.04 - - - 0.04
Lakshadweep - - - - - 0
Puducherry 247 - Neg 0.01 Neg. 0.01
Total 195095 29.26367 24.3276 7.983 11.55 73.12427
Neg: Negligible

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Water Quality Monitoring System in Aqua Culture:

Aquaculture has become increasingly popular in recent years, as a way of maintaining a

sustainable seafood supply. In aquaculture, maintaining suitable water quality is critical to
success. Setting up an effective aquaculture system requires an understanding of the water
quality parameters for aquaculture

Required Water Quality Parameters to be monitored in Aqua Faming:

Temperature:
Water temperature is controlling factor for all aquatic life. All biological and chemical
processes in an aquaculture operation are influenced by temperature. It is one of the most
important external factors which influence fish production.

Dissolved oxygen:
Fish and shellfish need oxygen to survive, grow, and reproduce. Low dissolved oxygen levels
can cause fish farming operations to fail if fish die or do not grow large enough and
reproduce.

Ph:
Like dissolved oxygen levels, pH levels can impact survival, growth, and reproduction of fish.
Extremes in pH can lead to fish kills.

Ammonia:
It is the principal nitrogenous waste produced by aquatic animals & excessive feeding
ammonium in water is converted to toxic ammonia, which can kill fish.

Salinity:
The level of salinity in the water influences the salt and water balance in aquatic organisms.
In freshwater species elevated salinity levels in the surrounding water tend to result in the
loss of water from the animal. This may eventually lead to the death of the animal, unless it
has a mechanism for preventing this loss of water. Some species have a mechanism to
prevent this imbalance from occurring.

Alkalinity:
If any changes are made to the water that could raise or lower the pH value, alkalinity acts as
a buffer, protecting the water and its life forms from sudden shifts in PH. It is particularly
important in regions affected by acid rain.

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Major challenges in in Aqua culture for water quality management:

1. Improper utilization of aerators causes in Dissolved oxygen for aqua yields.

2. Abrupt changes in climate causes major disaster for aqua yields like change in
temperature, Acid rains etc.
3. Increase of Sudden PH value due to improper feeding or due to improper fertilizers
used for aqua yields.
4. High ammonia levels can arise from overfeeding, protein rich, excess feed decays to
liberate toxic ammonia gas.
5. Excessive time due to manual Calculation of Water Parameters using laboratory
methods.

Proposed Solution for Water quality management in Aqua fields:

The objective of the proposed system is to construct a highly profitable aqua-farming system,
to increase the survival rate and the aquaculture production. The proposed system can
resolve the accidentally incurred problems with the usage of Sensors and wireless networks
and reducing the human negligence due to uncontrollable/ unpredictable
environments/changes in the traditional aqua-farming ponds.

Proposal Description:
Proposed System Description We propose the automatic system for checking water
characteristics of aqua ponds in hygienic and unhygienic conditions. The proposed system
consists of two modules, they are transmitter and receiver station and a personal computer
which is used as analyzing station.
The following list contributes overall framework of the aqua monitoring system:
 Embedded system design.
 Characteristic water sensors.
 Wireless sensor network.
 The collected data will be analyzed by using data proper tool.
 Convert the output data in to local language.
 User interface design for real time monitoring of the system.

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Proposed solution Architecture:

Advantages of Proposed System:

 Increase water Quality in aqua farming.

 Reduces Human effort on manual calculation on water parameters.
 Real Time monitoring.
 Reduces loss due abrupt changes water quality.
 Initiates Proper Utilization of Aerators.
 Wireless Remote monitoring of Water quality.
 Increase in aquatic yield quality.

Conclusion:

This study provides the design of water quality monitoring and control system for
aquaculture based on wireless sensor network. The system can monitor the data of
temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, salinity and alkalinity water level continuously
and in real-time which would help the local aqua famers to react at right time and reduces
revenue loss due to abrupt changes in aquatic fields.