CONCLUSION

In conclusion, specific gravity of different oil products which are Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel
and Lubricating Oil are determined by using two instruments which are hydrometer and density
meter. The results are being compared by their specific gravity and API gravity based on its
density. Thus, both objectives have been achieved. By using hydrometer, the density and specific
gravity obtained for petrol, kerosene, diesel and lubricating oil are 0.78, 0.79, 0.84 and 0.85
respectively. Meanwhile, for density meter, the results obtained are 0.75, 0.80, 0.84 and 0.85 for
petrol, kerosene, diesel and lubricating oil. Hence from the results API gravity have been
calculated. It is found that the API gravity calculated for petrol, kerosene, diesel and lubricating
oil are 49.91-57.17, 45.38-47.61, 36.95 and 34.97 respectively. Based on the data obtained, petrol
has the highest API gravity reading which indicates it is a lighter compound followed by kerosene,
diesel and lubricating oil.

It is recommended to make sure the reading for each density of oil is accurately been
measured to proceed with the next step which is the API calculations. Hence, the usage of
instruments such hydrometer and density meter must be properly calibrated and checked to make
sure it can function accurately.
TUTORIALS

1. Calculate the API gravities of each sample.

Hydrometer Density Meter

Experimental API Gravity Experimental API Gravity

Materials
(°) (°)

Petrol 49.91 57.17

Kerosene 47.61 45.38

Diesel 36.95 36.95

Lubricating Oil 34.97 34.97

2. What does the specific and API gravities indicate?

Specific and API indicates the classification of heavy or lighter petroleum liquid by
comparing to water for example if the API gravity value is greater than 10 thus it is lighter and
floats on water while if it is less than 10 it is heavier and sink.

3. Compare the findings of API results for each sample with the flash point, RVP and
other properties.
. API is very important in determining the weight of oil by classified it into light, medium
and heavy oil. The API gravity calculated for petrol, kerosene, diesel and lubricating oil in the
experiment are 49.91-57.17, 45.38-47.61, 36.95 and 34.97 respectively.

Based on the data obtained, petrol has the highest API gravity reading which indicates it is
a lighter compound followed by kerosene, diesel and lubricating oil. Higher API gravity also
indicates that the compound contains more paraffinic crudes meanwhile for a lower API gravity
reading it indicates that the compound contains more aromatic crude.

In term of the determination of Reid Vapor Pressure, petrol has the highest RVP value
followed by kerosene and diesel. Hence the higher API reading, the higher the value of RVP.